The seasonal relationships between household dietary diversity and child growth in a rural Timor‐Leste community

Both child growth and dietary diversity are poor in rural Timor‐Leste. The rainy season is associated with food scarcity, yet the association between seasonal scarcity, food diversity, and child growth is underdocumented. This study assesses the relationship between household dietary diversity and children''s standardized growth across the 2018 food‐scarce (April–May; post‐rainy period) and post‐harvest (October) seasons in the agricultural community of Natarbora, on the south‐coastal plains of Timor‐Leste. We conducted household interviews and collected anthropometric data across 98 and 93 households in the post‐rainy and post‐harvest periods, respectively. Consumed household foods were obtained via 24‐h diet recalls and were subsequently categorized into a nine‐food‐group dietary diversity score (DDS; number of different food groups consumed). The DDS was related to children''s standardized short‐term growth (z‐weight, z‐body mass index [BMI] and percent change in weight over the harvest season) via linear mixed models. Across seasons, DDS increased from 3.9 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.0) to 4.3 (SD = 1.4; p < 0.05). In the post‐rainy season, children in high DDS households had higher z‐weight than those in low DDS households and higher z‐BMI than children in medium and low DDS households. In the post‐harvest period, household DDS did not predict children''s z‐weight but predicted z‐BMI. Consumption of protein‐rich foods, particularly animal‐source foods and legumes, in low‐ and medium‐DDS households may be associated with improved child growth. While consuming more animal‐source foods in the post‐rainy season would be ideal, promoting the consumption of locally grown legumes, such as beans and pulses, may facilitate better nutritional outcomes for more children in rural Timor‐Leste.     

Dietary Patterns of 479 Indonesian Adults and Their Associations with Sodium and Potassium Intakes Estimated by Two 24-h Urine Collections

The excess sodium (Na) intake and insufficient potassium (K) intake are frequently observed all over the world, including Indonesia. This study explored the dietary patterns of Indonesian people and evaluated their associations with Na and K intakes. Na and K intakes were assessed by repeated 24-h urine collection. The dietary patterns of the previous month were extracted by factor analysis using the Indonesian Food Frequency Questionnaire. The participants were community-dwelling Indonesian men and women (n = 479) aged 20 years and over. We identified four dietary patterns in each sex. After controlling for confounding factors, the high quantile of ‘Noodle, oil, and salty sea products’ pattern was associated with the high Na intake in both men and women (p = 0.02 and <0.001, respectively). The ‘Meat, vegetable, oil, and fruit’ pattern statistically significantly contributed to the high K intake in men (p = 0.04), but not in women (p = 0.26). The ‘Vegetable, non-oil, and milk’ pattern in men and ‘Meat, vegetable, and fruit’ pattern in women were associated with low Na:K ratios (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). Neither ‘bread’ nor ‘fish’ appeared as a major determinant of any dietary patterns in this population. The ‘Noodle, oil, and salty sea products’ pattern should be avoided to reduce sodium intake.     

人类免疫缺陷病毒新近感染及其检测技术的研究进展

人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染使全球面临严重问题,而对HIV新近感染的检测是估算HIV新发感染趋势研究的新方向。HIV核心蛋白p24抗原可早期检出因而用于HIV新近感染的检测,但因其敏感性低,对群体发病率的估计存在局限性;HIV核酸检测用于新近感染的判断敏感性和特异性都较高．尤其是集合核酸技术的应用降低了核酸检测技术本身的高成本;BED（指HIV-1特异的B、E和D亚型）捕获酶联免疫法的数据结果则更能反映出新近感染高危因素以及其他方面的变化规律,对评估HIV新发感染动态趋势起到积极作用。     

瑞香狼毒水提物小鼠血清对人膀胱癌T24细胞增殖的影响

目的：探讨瑞香狼毒水提物（SCLA）的抗癌作用及机制。方法：以不同剂量SCLA灌胃给药后,于不同时间采集小鼠血清,处理体外培养的人膀胱癌T24细胞,用MTS比色法,于酶标仪上测定吸光度值,观察SCLA对细胞增殖的影响。结果：SCLA小鼠血清显著降低T24细胞增殖。结论：瑞香狼毒抑制人膀胱癌T24细胞增殖,可能成为膀胱癌新的治疗药物。     

Characteristics of mRNA levels of hepatic key enzymes in cholesterol metabolism of genetically gallstone-susceptible mice

Our previous study1 indicated that biliary cholesterol hypersecretion was the key pathophysiological defect of gallstone formation. Lith genes determine biliary cholesterol hypersecretion and susceptibility to cholesterol gallstone formation in C57L mice.     

糖尿病肾病动态血压模式的特点及其与尿蛋白的关系

目的 :观察糖尿病肾损害不同时期患者的血压模式的变化 ,及其在糖尿病肾病发生机制中所起的作用。方法 :分别选取血糖稳定、临床血压正常的 、 、 期 2型糖尿病肾损害患者 ,进行动态血压测定 ,观察他们日夜血压模式的特点并与正常对照组进行对比。结果 :实验组患者的共同特点为夜间血压的升高及非勺型曲线的出现率增高 ,且后者与尿蛋白的水平成正相关。结论 :糖尿病肾损害患者的血压模式的改变 ,先于血压的升高及尿蛋白的明显增多 ,提示自主神经功能的受损 ,是糖尿病肾病的发病机制之一。     

Association between microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk factors in general population

Objective To investigate the association between microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk factors in a general Chinese population. Methods A multi-stage cluster randomized sampling method was used to select 2400 residents (18-69 years old) in four counties in Shandong and Jiangsu provinces in October 2013 to March 2014. 24-hour MAU were measured for each subject. The prevalence of MAU in different groups was analyzed. The relationship between the aggregation of risk factors and MAU was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between MAU and cardiovascular risk factors. Results A total of 2265 subjects were included in the analysis. The prevalence of MAU was 8.96%(203/2265, 95%CI: 7.82-10.21). The prevalence of MAU in obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C group were 14.65%(63/430), 12.53%(104/830), 20.22%(36/178), 15.57%(64/411), 11.99%(53/442) respectively, which were significantly higher than the corresponding healthy population (all P＜0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia were risk factors for MAU. The OR(95%CI) values were 1.491(1.016-2.265), 1.660(1.190-2.314), 2.291(1.494-3.515) and 1.734(1.205-2.495) respectively. With the increase in the number of influencing factors, urinary albumin levels and the prevalence of MAU all showed an upward trend. Conclusion MAU was associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia.     

Commentary—Marasmus in a Newly Rich Urbanized Society

To assess the feasibility of fortifying flour with folic acid as a strategy to prevent neural tube defects in Malaysia, a country where the staple food is rice, we used 24-hour recall to study all cereal flour intake in women of reproductive age. Eighty-eight percent took at least a half portion of cereal flour and 85% took at least one whole portion. Vitamin supplements were taken by 36% but few knew whether the supplement contained folic acid. Cereal flour consumption is frequent and folic acid fortification of flour is feasible. Subgroups of the population not consuming flour need to be identified.     

围绝经期女性胃食管反流病的临床特征分析

目的 分析围绝经期女性胃食管反流病(GERD)的临床特点,提高对该期女性GERD的认识.方法 对该院2014年1月至2015年12月门诊及住院确诊GERD的246例患者的临床资料、胃镜检查及24 h食管阻抗-pH监测结果进行回顾性分析;按性别将患者分为女性组和男性组,根据月经情况又将女性组分为围绝经期组和非围绝经组2个亚组,对比分析各组患者的临床特点.结果 女性组NERD所占比例较男性组高,以非典型症状为主诉的发生率也高于男性组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);女性组中围绝经期组、非围绝经组反酸发生率均低于男性组(P＜0.05);围绝经期组弱酸反流次数与非围绝经组和男性组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 围绝经期女性GERD多以非典型症状为主要表现,内镜、24 h食管阻抗-pH联合监测是诊断围绝经期女性GERD的选择.