硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉对降低老年患者上腹部术后肺部感染的作用

目的评价硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉对降低老年患者上腹部术后肺部感染的作用,为老年患者选择安全有效的麻醉方法提供参考。方法选择我院2017年1月至12月择期行上腹部开放手术的老年患者249例,采用隐匿数字随机法分为3组,每组83例,分别采用硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉、静脉麻醉和吸入麻醉,比较各组患者拔管后5 min呼吸功能、麻醉恢复情况、肺部感染征象发生率;术后24 h、72 h检测白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8及T细胞亚群CD4+、CD8+数量,计算CD4+/CD8+比值,比较3组术后肺部感染发生情况。结果拔管后5 min复合麻醉组血氧饱和度(SpO2)、分钟通气量(MV)明显高于静脉麻醉组、吸入麻醉组,呼吸频率(R)明显低于静脉麻醉组、吸入麻醉组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。复合麻醉组自主呼吸恢复时间、呼之睁眼时间和拔管时间均短于静脉麻醉组、吸入麻醉组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。复合麻醉组术后3 d发热、咳嗽、肺部音、胸部X线片特征表现、白细胞计数>10×109/L发生率低于静脉麻醉组和吸入麻醉组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。复合麻醉组术后24 h CD4+/CD8+低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。复合麻醉组术后24 h、72 h IL-6、IL-8水平明显低于静脉麻醉组、吸入麻醉组,CD4+/CD8+明显高于静脉麻醉组、吸入麻醉组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年上腹部手术患者采用硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉苏醒快,对呼吸功能影响小,免疫抑制程度低,可降低术后肺部感染风险。     

钝性腹外伤致胆总管完全横断伤一例

1病历资料患者,男性,32岁,因被重物撞击上腹部2 h于2000年6月22日入院。体检：心率120次/min,血压60/40 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0．133 kPa),烦躁不安,四肢湿冷,面色苍白。上腹部可见擦痕,腹部膨隆,全腹压痛,肌紧张,以上腹部为著,     

软骨发育不全1例的影像诊断

孕妇27岁。孕8个月，行常规超声检查发现：胎儿臀位，胎头双顶径8．7cm，颅骨光滑完整，脊柱排列整齐，胸部扁平，腹部膨隆．网肢短小；测股骨长约2．1cm，肱骨长约2．0cm，胫骨长约1.6cm，羊水最深处约14cm。其双顶径相当于孕35周，股骨长仅相当于孕17周，二者明显不成比例。超声诊断：宫内单活胎，胎儿四肢发育短小畸形，羊水名．     

腹部全麻手术影响因素的探讨

为了更多的减轻患者痛苦,减少并发症,通过与传统的护理观念相比较,笔者认为应缩短术前禁食时间、防治术后低温及预防血压不稳定、尽早给予半卧位、有效控制术后疼痛。     

还原型谷胱甘肽联合甘草酸二铵对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡犬肝功能损伤的治疗作用

Objective To investigate effect of reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate on the treatment of hepatic damage in experimental dogs following open abdominal injuries coupled with seawater immersion. Methods Twenty-four dogs with open abdominal injuries were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (given with simple observation after 1.5 h seawater immersion); the routine treatment group (given routine care and fluid transfusion after 1.5 h seawater immersion) ; the hepatic treatment group (given routine are, fluid transfusion and hepatic treatment as well, after 1.5 h seawater immersion). Each group consisted of 8 dogs. Blood samples were taken at different time points to measure total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothromin time (PT), endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pathological examination was also made at the same time. Results For the control group, contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH increased significantly and survival time was less than 24 hours. Contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH of the routine treatment group also increased significantly, but survival time of all the experimental animals was mere than 24 hours. Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate could reduce the extent of lesion quite significantly 12～24 hours following open abdominal injuries. Conclusions Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate seemed to have good effects on the treatment and prevention against hepatic damage induced by trauma coupled with seawater immersion. It could be used as a primary means for the treatment of such kind of hepatic damage.     

骨盆底肌的小秘密

背靠椅子站立，双手扶住椅背，腹部和大腿收紧。双脚脚跟并拢，提起脚跟，收缩会阴部位，然后放松。     

交通伤中腹部闭合性损伤合并颅脑伤的早期诊治

在所有致伤原因中．道路交通伤（road traffic injury，RTI）占50％左右．我国交通伤人数呈不断增多趋势。在RTI患者死亡的危险因素中。内脏损伤与颅脑损伤均为主要致死因素口，两者并存给救治带来更大挑战。多发伤患者死亡高峰在伤后68小时以内．约占80％。因此，如何早期诊治．以提高治愈率、减少并发症、降低死亡率有着非常重要的意义。总结如下。     

19例胰十二指肠损伤的诊治体会

1994-2004年我院共收治腹部闭合性损伤324例，其中经手术证实为胰十二指肠损伤18例，占5．5％，他院转入1例，共19例，死亡2例，病死率10％，现将我们的诊治体会介绍如下。