经皮穿刺置管联合鼻胆管引流治疗胆囊切除术后胆漏10例体会

胆漏是胆囊切除术后常见并发症之一，胆漏再次手术治疗常给医患双方造成较大的心理压力。以微创的介入技术和内腔镜技术处理术后胆漏，避免再次手术，不失为一种理想的处理方法。我科自1998年来采用经皮穿刺置管联合鼻胆管引流治疗胆囊切除术后胆漏10例，取得了良好的效果，现报告如下。     

自体肺动脉瓣移植术的手术配合

<正>自体肺动脉瓣移植术治疗主动脉瓣患者,包括主动瓣病变狭窄和关闭不全(ROSS手术)远期效果好于人工瓣膜(机械瓣、生物瓣)置换术,手术的最大优点为术后不用抗凝药治疗,可以随机体的发育而生长,无明显血栓栓塞并发症,使病人生活质量大大提高,尤其适应儿童和育龄妇女,是主动脉瓣病变的最理想的替代物。但手术操作复杂,难度大,2003年2月23日我院成功实施了1例ROSS手术,现将手术配合体会报告如下:     

输尿管上段结石的微创手术治疗

目的：探讨输尿管上段结石的治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石(URSL），后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石(RLU)、经皮肾穿刺取石(PCNL)治疗输尿管上段结石患者的临床资料。其中URSL组25例，RLU组20例。PCNL组9例。结果：URSL组碎石成功18例；7例不成功，其中3例改为开放手术，1例改为后腹腔镜取石。2例行ESWL术，1例仅留置双J管。术后1个月拔管后自行排出。2例并发输尿管穿孔。RLU组取石成功18例，2例滑入肾内，经配合输尿管镜和腹腔镜直视下经皮肾穿刺取石成功，术后15例有伤口漏尿。PCNL组成功9例，无并发症。结论：USRL创伤小。术后恢复快。是治疗输尿管上段结石的较为满意的治疗方法。PCNL创伤小，取石成功率高，在结石靠近肾盂、儿童输尿管上段结石并同侧肾结石和结石以下输尿管狭窄时应优先考虑。但技术难度较大。RLU可作为URSL不成功后的辅助治疗方法。     

经皮穿刺置管引流加硬化剂注射治疗单纯肾囊肿

1994年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 1月我院应用经皮穿刺置管引流加无水酒精注射法治疗单纯肾囊肿 10 6例 ,现报告如下。材料与方法　本组 10 6例。男 72例 ,女 34例。年龄 35～ 6 8岁 ,平均 5 7岁。病程 1～ 72个月。症状 :腰痛 31例、血尿 16例、发热 4例、高血压 9例 ,6 5例无明显症状 ,查体时经B超发现。囊肿位于肾上极者 38例 ,中部 2 5例 ,下极4 3例 ;直径 5～ 2 1cm ,平均 8.5cm。患者均经B超检查确诊 ,其中 4 1例行CT检查。患者在治疗前均行IVU检查排除囊肿与肾集合系统相交通或为肾盂旁囊肿。治疗方法 :B超引导下穿刺抽取囊液 ,抽出囊液…     

升主动脉成形术中期效果分析

Objective Reduction ascending aortoplasty is an alternative procdure to the replacement of the ascending aorts in case of ascending aorta dilation. However,its applicabikity is still under debate.This retrospective study was designed to evaluuate the midterm follow-up of unsupported ascending reduction aortoplasty for of the ascending aorta in petients with aortic valve dis- ease.Methods From October ,1996 to April,2007, a total of 54 patients with aortic valve disease and dilatation of the ascending aorta underwent unsupported reduction aortoplasty in combination with aortic valve replacement at our institution The diameter of the ascending aorta was measyred before and early after sugery and then later between 13 and 96 menths [mean (23 ±16)months] posto- perativeiy using echocardiography.Results Two patients were dead with thean overall perioperative mortality rate was of 3.7%. The reduction aortoplasty decreased the diameter of the aorta from (45.77±6.02) mm p～eope～afive]y to (34.67 ～4.81) mm early after surgery (P<0.01). During follow-up, the diameter d aorta increased from (34.67±4.81) mm early after surgery to (37.65± 6.35) mm after a mean follow-up of (23±16) months (P<0.01), including the diameters are greater than > 45 mm within 5 pa- tients. Aortic stenosis and an early postoperative diameter greater than 40 mm m'e independent risk factors for redilatation. Conchusion Because of the unsatisfied midterm follow-up redilation of unsupported reduction aortoplasty for dilation of the ascending aorta with aortic valve disease, this group of patients needs continued intimate fallow-up or even reoperation. The patients of stenosis is the surtable indication for RAA, and it is necessary to reduce the diameter of aorta to be lees than 40 mm to prevent redilation.     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎的腔内治疗

Objective To investigate the value of endovascular surgery for the treatment of thromboangitis obliterans (TAO). Methods Sixteen patients (18 limbs) with thromboangitis obliterans were treated by percutaneous transluminal plasty (PTA). Results Angiographic success on the limb basis was achieved in 15 of 18 treated limbs and the initial technical success rate was 83.34%. Doppler anklebrachial index (ABI) increased from 0.33±0.16 to 0.79±0.23 one week after PTA. The follow-up time was 2～24 months, the average time was 10.84 months. The 3-month, 12-month accumulated primary patency rate were 81.33% and 60. 23% respectively. Conclusion PTA is effective primary invasive treatment for thromboangitis obliterans yielding acceptable primary clinical success with a low complication rate and resulting in moderate long-term clinical patency and a high limb salvage rate.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎椎体转移癌的疗效观察

目的：观察经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎椎体转移癌的效果。方法：对25例胸腰椎椎体转移癌患者的37个椎体在C型臂X线透视下经皮椎体穿刺并注入骨水泥成形，术后按疼痛缓解程度6级评定法及简明健康状况调查表（SF-36）对治疗后患者生活质量进行评估。结果：所有患者术后均未发生感染、脊髓压迫和肺栓塞等并发症。24例患者术后2～72h内疼痛得到不同程度缓解，1例多发脊柱严重破坏者术后疼痛无缓解，术后1周疼痛缓解优良率为72．0％。术后随访3～27个月，平均7个月，根据SF-36评分，患者总体生活质量评分由术前的平均232分提高到末次随访时的平均349分。结论：经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎椎体转移癌安全可行，具有良好的止痛效果．能够有效改善患者的生活质量。     

椎体成形术的疗效分析

采用椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,可以大提高老年人的生活质量,提前下床活动,减少并发症.现就影响术后疗效的原因分析如下:     

大龄腭裂患者的手术治疗方法与语音治疗效果的对比研究

目的 对单纯行裂隙关闭术和同期行咽后壁咽成形术的大龄腭裂患者,术前、术后发音效果进行检测分析和对比研究,评定手术的治疗效果.方法 对24例同期行腭裂关闭术及咽后壁组织瓣咽成形术治疗和12例单纯行裂隙关闭术的大龄腭裂患者,术前、术后用鼻咽纤维镜检测其腭咽闭合情况,应用通用音频谱分析系统,对本组术后患者腭裂语音进行声学分析.结果 所有腭裂修复术后,创口均达到临床Ⅰ期愈合,语音也有不同程度改善.大龄腭裂患者采用腭裂关闭及同期咽成形术的修复组,术后发音明显优于单纯行裂隙关闭组.结论 大龄腭裂患者,采用腭裂关闭及同期咽成形术,是提高腭咽闭合和改善发音较好的手术方法.     

根尖成形术还是根尖诱导形成术

偶见某刊上出现根尖成形术一词,内容实际是根尖诱导形成术apexification。根尖诱导形成术有两层意义:一是根尖未发育完成,根尖末端敞开,现在要使它发育成正常形态,二是如何让它形成呢,要用某种方法诱导其形成。因此根尖成形术一词就不大确切,不如根尖诱导形成术好。根尖成形术还是根尖诱导形成术@史俊南$第四军医大学口腔医学院!陕西西安710032