经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

肝细胞癌TACE术后病灶存活或复发18F-FDGPET/CT和增强CT诊断价值Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析方法评价¹⁸F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机体层摄影(¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT)和增强CT(CECT)诊断经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)术后存活或复发病灶的临床价值。方法根据PRISMA报告规范开展Meta分析。检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方和维普数据库中¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT和CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的临床研究,时间至2019-04。由2位研究人员独立筛选文献、提取资料,根据诊断准确性研究质量评价工具-2(QUADAS-2)评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析,计算其汇总敏感度(Sen)和特异度(Spe),绘制受试者工作特征曲线(SROC)并计算曲线下面积(AUC)。结果共纳入10篇¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT及13篇CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的原始研究,分别包括322例患者的467个病灶和748例患者的943个病灶。Meta分析显示,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.92(95%CI为0.87~0.94)、Spe=0.95(95%CI为0.82~0.99)、AUC=0.97(95%CI为0.93~0.99);CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.72(95%CI为0.66~0.78)、Spe=0.99(95%CI为0.93~1.00)、AUC=0.87(95%CI为0.83~0.89)。此外,CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发Sen(Z=2.34,P=0.02)和AUC(Z=2.21,P=0.03)值低于¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT,差异有统计学意义。结论相比于CECT,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT对TACE术后存活或复发病灶具有较高诊断效能,可视为TACE术后存活或复发病灶有效的影像学诊断方法。     

宝石CT碘-水基图在急性脑梗死介入治疗后的应用

目的探讨宝石CT碘-水基图在急性脑梗死介入治疗后的诊断价值。方法 31例急性脑梗死患者介入治疗后即刻宝石CT平扫QC图发现颅内异常高密度影,采用碘-水基图进行重建分析,同时测定高密度影碘基值、水基值,并与术后24 h普通CT复查诊断结果作比较。结果通过采用碘-水基图,17例诊断为碘对比剂渗出,14例诊断为脑出血转化,与术后24 h普通CT复查诊断结果完全一致(Kappa=1,P0.01);术后即刻碘基图之碘基值:碘对比剂渗出(32.09±5.36) g/L,脑出血转化(6.86±2.26) g/L,二者差异有统计学意义(t=53.291,P0.01);术后即刻水基图之水基值:碘对比剂渗出(1 027.93±8.29) g/L,脑出血转化(1 069.68±7.18) g/L,二者差异有统计学意义(t=-8.897,P0.01)。结论宝石CT碘-水基图可以准确诊断急性脑梗死介入治疗后颅内碘对比剂渗出和脑出血转化,值得向临床介绍推广。     

微创经皮椎弓根置钉和传统开放置钉治疗无神经系统症状胸腰椎骨折患者的效果对比

目的：研究微创经皮椎弓根置钉治疗无神经系统症状胸腰椎骨折患者的效果。方法：选取我院2018年1月~2018年11月收治的83例胸腰椎骨折患者为研究对象，随机分为对照组和观察组，对照组31例、观察组52例。对照组采用传统后路开放式置钉，观察组采用微创经皮椎弓根置钉。比较两组手术相关指标、置钉合格率、椎体前缘高度、Cobb角及矢状面指数。结果：观察组手术时间、切口长度、出血量、下地时间均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05），观察组置钉合格率为95.67%，明显高于对照组87.50%（P＜0.05）。手术前，两组椎体前缘高度、Cobb角、矢状面指数比较无明显差异（P＞0.05）；手术后，观察组椎体前缘高度、矢状面指数高于对照组，Cobb角低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：微创经皮椎弓根置钉能够促进胸腰椎骨折患者伤椎高度的恢复，加速术后脊柱功能的恢复，术中更加安全，治疗效果更佳。     

c-TCD联合c-TTE在卵圆孔未闭右向左分流诊断中的应用

目的探讨联合应用经颅多普勒超声声学造影(c-TCD)和经胸超声心动图声学造影(c-TTE),对诊断卵圆孔未闭(PFO)相关的右向左分流(RLS)的临床价值。方法纳入2016-01—2018-10,至郑州大学附属洛阳中心医院神经内科就诊的隐源性脑卒中患者及偏头痛患者413例,同时行c-TCD联合c-TTE检查,对两者方法的检出差异和分流等级差异进行比较。进一步选取两种检查方法均阳性且c-TCD分级为2～3级,并拟进一步治疗的40例患者行TEE检查。结果 413例入组者中c-TCD和c-TTE检查RLS阳性率分别为44.07%、41.67%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。c-TCD和c-TTE方法检查RLS分级结果有统计学差异(Bowker值14.106,P=0.028),c-TCD检出级别高。40例行TEE检查的患者,均发现存在卵圆孔未闭。结论 c-TCD方法检查RLS敏感性高。c-TCD和c-TTE联合检查方法可提高PFO-RLS诊断的准确性。     

外周血TLR5基因C1174T位点多态性与剖宫产后导管相关尿路感染的关联

目的 探讨外周血Toll样受体5(TLR5)基因C1174T位点多态性对剖宫产后导管相关尿路感染(CAUTI)的影响。方法 选择江阴市中医院妇产科2018年8月-2021年3月在剖宫产术后发生CAUTI产妇78例为CAUTI组，选择同期78例剖宫产术后留置导尿管但未发生CAUTI产妇为非CAUTI组。产妇均在产后留取尿液接种于培养皿进行培养，对病原菌种进行分析鉴定。入院时抽取所有产妇外周肘静脉血，采用聚合酶链式扩增反应(PCR)对目的片段进行扩增，采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清中TLR5水平。结果 CAUTI组留置导尿管时间长于非CAUTI组，瘢痕子宫、妊娠期糖尿病、尿插管次数≥2次者多于非CAUTI组(P<0.05);78例CAUTI患者共检出病原菌78株，其中革兰阴性菌52株占66.67%,革兰阳性菌26株占33.33%,大肠埃希菌检出率最高，共33株占42.31%;CAUTI组TLR5基因C1174T位点AA基因型、A等位基因频率高于非CAUTI组(P<0.05);多元Logistic回归分析结果显示，导尿管留置时间、妊娠期糖尿病、尿管插管次数和TLR5基因C1174T位点多态性均为剖宫产术后发生CAUTI的影响因素(P<0.05);CAUTI组TLR5基因C1174T位点携带AA型、GA型和GG型患者血清TLR5水平整体比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中AA型高于GA型和GG型(P<0.05)。结论 TLR5基因C1174T位点基因型突变可能是导致剖宫产术后CAUTI的影响因素，其机制还需进一步研究。     

经尿道120 W绿激光前列腺汽化术治疗良性前列腺增生致膀胱出口梗阻临床观察

目的观察经尿道120 W绿激光前列腺汽化术(PVP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)致膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)的临床疗效。方法将2017年4月‐2018年3月该院治疗的114例BPH致BOO患者作为研究对象,将其应用随机数表法分为两组,均57例。对照组接受常规电切术治疗,观察组行经尿道120 W绿激光PVP治疗。观察两组手术前后残余尿量(RUV)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量及性功能等。结果术前两组IPSS评分、生活质量指数(QOL)评分及RUV、Qmax水平对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后观察组IPSS评分(5.46±2.10)分、QOL评分(1.28±0.72)分及RUV(21.12±2.39)ml水平低于对照组的(6.81±2.43)分、(2.34±0.98)分、(25.87±3.61)ml,观察组Qmax(24.13±3.81)ml/s水平高于对照组的(20.31±2.93)ml/s,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);观察组异常射精率3.51%、阴茎勃起功能障碍发生率7.02%、射精疼痛发生率0.00%,低于对照组的14.04%、22.81%、12.28%,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论经尿道120 W绿激光PVP治疗BPH致BOO有助于改善患者梗阻症状,且对性功能影响轻微,利于提升患者生活质量。