经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

认识骨关节炎与骨质疏松的关系推进骨关节炎分层治疗

认识骨关节炎和骨质疏松的关系及骨关节炎亚型，为实现患者的分层管理以及精准医疗奠定了基础。骨质 疏松是造成部分骨关节炎进展的重要原因，软骨下骨骨代谢异常和微结构改变是其中重要的病理基础。双膦酸盐 等抗骨质疏松药物可能是伴骨质疏松的骨关节炎亚型患者治疗的新选择。     

非体外循环主动脉弓缩窄外科手术体会

目的:回顾性分析非体外循环外科治疗主动脉弓缩窄手术特点,探讨治疗主动脉弓缩窄的最佳手术方式。方法:回顾性分析我院2009年6月至2018年6月,收治的经左后外侧开胸行主动脉弓缩窄矫治术的患儿80例,依据手术方式分为两组,I组:62例,平均年龄12.2(6.0,37.3)个月;体质量(11±5.4)kg;采用主动脉端端吻合术。Ⅱ组:18例,年龄18.7(8.5,35.7)个月;体质量10.8(7.4,14.2)kg;采用左锁骨下动脉翻转补片成形术。观察两组患儿年龄、体质量、以及诊断、主动脉狭窄段部位、狭窄段长度、狭窄段内径等分布,并记录术前、术后上下肢收缩压峰值压差、术后呼吸机辅助呼吸时间、ICU滞留时间、术后随访上下肢血压等一般情况。结果:I组主动脉狭窄段长度(9.93±4.8)mm,最狭窄处内径(2.84±0.49)mm,II组狭窄段长度15(10,20)mm,最狭窄处内径(3.33±0.59)mm,两组病变,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);I组术后呼吸机辅助时间为9(6.6,16.4)h、ICU滞留时长37.2(20.6,70)h,II组分别是14.5(7.5,21.4)h、45.2(20,93.9)h,I组患儿带管时间更短(P<0.05); I组中并发乳糜胸1例,II组中并发左侧气胸1例,两组均未见出血、死亡等并发症;余各项指标两组之间均差异无统计学意义。结论:对于狭窄段较短的患者可行主动脉端端吻合,而狭窄段较长,且狭窄内径不过窄可以选择左锁骨下动脉翻转补片成形术。     

线性法测量皮质下缺血性血管病患者脑萎缩及其与认知损害的相关性分析

目的通过线性法测量皮质下缺血性血管病(SIVD)患者脑萎缩,分析其与认知功能损害的相关性。方法共纳入SIVD组50例,健康对照组50例。所有入组对象均完成一般情况评定、Mo CA量表评估认知功能、头颅MRI检查,线性法进行脑萎缩测量。结果 SIVD组代表脑室系统横径的测量值及脑沟测量值,除桥池宽度外,均较对照组显著增大(P 0. 05)。SIVD组的脑萎缩测量相对值除脑干指数外,均显著高于对照组(P 0. 05)。SIVD组双侧侧脑室两额角间最宽距离、双侧侧脑室额角两侧尾状核头间最小距离、第三脑室宽度、双侧侧脑室腰部外侧壁最小距离与Mo CA评分呈显著负相关(P 0. 05)。SIVD组脑萎缩测量相对值中的额角指数、尾状核指数、哈氏值、第三脑室宽度与视空间能力、计算力、延迟记忆和定向力均呈负相关(P 0. 05)。结论 SIVD患者存在明显的皮质和皮质下萎缩,并与认知功能损害相关。哈氏值、额角指数、尾状核指数、第三脑室宽度可作为SIVD患者脑萎缩的预测指标,提示执行功能/视空间及计算力、记忆力的损害。     

肝细胞癌TACE术后病灶存活或复发18F-FDGPET/CT和增强CT诊断价值Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析方法评价¹⁸F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机体层摄影(¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT)和增强CT(CECT)诊断经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)术后存活或复发病灶的临床价值。方法根据PRISMA报告规范开展Meta分析。检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方和维普数据库中¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT和CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的临床研究,时间至2019-04。由2位研究人员独立筛选文献、提取资料,根据诊断准确性研究质量评价工具-2(QUADAS-2)评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析,计算其汇总敏感度(Sen)和特异度(Spe),绘制受试者工作特征曲线(SROC)并计算曲线下面积(AUC)。结果共纳入10篇¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT及13篇CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的原始研究,分别包括322例患者的467个病灶和748例患者的943个病灶。Meta分析显示,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.92(95%CI为0.87~0.94)、Spe=0.95(95%CI为0.82~0.99)、AUC=0.97(95%CI为0.93~0.99);CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.72(95%CI为0.66~0.78)、Spe=0.99(95%CI为0.93~1.00)、AUC=0.87(95%CI为0.83~0.89)。此外,CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发Sen(Z=2.34,P=0.02)和AUC(Z=2.21,P=0.03)值低于¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT,差异有统计学意义。结论相比于CECT,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT对TACE术后存活或复发病灶具有较高诊断效能,可视为TACE术后存活或复发病灶有效的影像学诊断方法。