不稳定性心绞痛发病机制的进展

不稳定性心绞痛 (ＵＡＰ)是一种较为严重 ,预后介于稳定性心绞痛 (ＳＡＰ)与急性心肌梗死 (ＡＭＩ)或猝死之间的一组冠脉综合征。近年来认为ＵＡＰ不同的临床表现可能反映斑块内的不同致病机制。研究ＵＡＰ的发病机制 ,可为临床选择合理的治疗打下基础。1　种族、性别、年龄与ＵＡＰ　　　Ｓｔｏｎｅ等[1] 对 3318例ＵＡＰ的研究显示 :黑人、妇女比非黑人、男人很少用较强的抗缺血疗法来缓解心绞痛的发作 ,且很少进行介入治疗 (ＲＲ ,6 5 % ;ＣＩ,0 .5 8～ 0 .72 ;Ｐ <0 .0 1,ＲＲ ,71% ;ＣＩ ,0 .6 5～ 0 .79;Ｐ <0 .0 1)。冠脉造影显示 ,…     

峰值骨量的种族差异

目的 了解各种族之间峰值骨量(PBMD)参考值的差异.方法 收集国内外20多个国家和地区不同种族人群的PBMD参考值,比较了三大人种的峰值骨量的数据,并进行了统计学分析.结果 一般来说,黑色人种的峰值骨量最高,其次是白色人种,黄色人种的峰值骨量最低.中东地区的峰值骨量接近白色人种.黄色人种到达峰值骨量的年龄早于黑色人种及白色人种.我国各少数民族之间的峰值骨量也不尽相同,女性的峰值骨量的民族差异明显大于男性.结论 不同国家和地区各种族人群之间的PBMD参考值绝大多数存在种族或地域差异,必须针对不同人口和地区建立相应的骨密度正常参考值.     

IRAS研究

胰岛素抵抗(IR)是当今国际医学研究的热点，与心血管疾病(CVD)密切相关。为探讨IR、CVD的危险因素和行为、临床及亚临床CVD之间代表性的关系，美国国家心肺及血液研究所发起了IRAS(The Irmalin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study)，是第一个旨在大规模、多种族人群中，评定IR、高胰岛素血症、高糖血症和胰岛素抵抗综合征的其它成分与流行CVD关系的多中心的流行病学研究。本文介绍了2000年以来的主要研究结果。     

加强对乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎病毒准种的研究

生物的变异是生物为了适应环境的不断变化，维持生存和种族繁衍的需要而采取的一种十分重要和必要的应对措施，也是生物进化的基础，这是生物界普遍存在的现象。     

用心看世界

在从纽约到波士顿的火车上，我发现我坐在隔壁座位上的老先生是位盲人。     

中国畲族人群DYS287遗传多态性的研究

背景：DYS287位点是位于Y染色体长臂Yq^11的一个Alu序列插入多态(Y chromosomal Alu insertion polymorphism，YAP)，关于中国畲族人群DYS287遗传多态性的研究尚缺乏。目的：揭示中国畲族群体DYS287位点多态性的分布规律，以及畲族人群与其他少数民族在此位点多态性方面的差异和联系，为医学遗传学、人类学和法医学等的研究提供可靠数据和科学依据。设计：前瞻性研究。地点、对象和方法：在江西、浙江、福建三省畲族世居区内随机选择无血缘关系、三代为畲族的男性个体117例，抽取静脉血5mL，倒至用肝素溶液浸泡过的纱布中，室温条件下自然干燥，制成血纱块。提取DNA后，采用PCR-SSP法对此位点进行扩增，经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果。主要观察指标：①将电泳后的凝胶置于紫外检测仪下观察是否有455bp扩增片段。②不同地点的采样例数、YAP^+例数，Alu插入频率比较。结果：117例畲族男性个体中有20例为YAP^+，PCR扩增片段为455bp，YAP^+频率为17.1％；江西、浙江和福建三省不同地区的畲族人群Alu插入频率(即YAP+频率)分别为18.18％，18.06％，13.04％，YAP^+频率比较，差异无显著性意义(P&;gt;0.05)。结论：DYS287位点作为一种稳定、可靠的遗传标记可以为研究民族间的遗传关系及其起源提供可靠的证据。     

河南汉族人群蛋氨酸合成酶基因多态性检测

目的 了解河南汉族人群蛋氨酸合成酶(MS A2756G)基因的分布特点.方法 运用PCR-RFLP技术对500例健康个体的MS A2756G进行基因多态性分析,并结合文献进行了不同种族间的分析比较.结果 河南汉族人群中MS A2756G突变纯合子GG型频率为0.4%,突变杂合子AG型频率为15%,G等位基因频率为7.9%,与其他种族比较,MS A2756G基因型在中国河南汉族人群中的分布差异有统计学意义.结论 MS A2756G基因多态性在不同种族间分布存在着明显差异.     

多囊卵巢综合征与表观遗传学的最新研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是育龄妇女常见的内分泌疾病,其发病率约占7%～10%。PCOS表现了遗传异质性、发病多因性、种族差异性、临床表现多样性等特征。此外,它还能引起糖尿病、冠状动脉心脏病和癌症,也可导致不孕,对人体造成严重的影响。多囊卵巢综合征可以被看作是一个具有不同异构雄激素多个基因和环境因素,种族差异相互作用决定的生殖和代谢异常的内分泌疾病。     

美国与中国两组结直肠克罗恩病患者临床表现及病情严重程度比较

Objective To evaluate the differences in clinicopathological characteristics and severity between American and Chinese patients with colorectal Crohn disease (CD). Methods Between March 1985 and September 2004, 68 patients with colorectal CD in Cleveland Clinic Florida (America)and 85 patients with colorectal CD in the 301 Hospital (China) were enrolled in the study. Data of two groups,including demographics, clinical characteristics, extraintestinal manifestations, presenting symptoms, location and pathological characteristics,were compared. Results 60.3% of American patients and 36.5% of Chinese patients were female (P=0.003). 11.8% of American patients and 1.2% of Chinese patients had a family history of CD(P=0.016). American patients had a significantly higher rate of extraintestinal disease (39.7% vs 20.0%), abscess(19.0% vs 0), and anorectal fistulas(51.5% vs 0). American patients had significantly more extensive disease than Chinese patients (pancolitis:44.1% vs 4.7% ,P＜0.01). American patients had a significantly higher rate of disease involving the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, anorectal area compared with Chinese patients (all P＜0.05). Conclusions American patients with colorectal Crohn disease seem to have a female predominance, a higher rate of CD family history, to involve the distal intestinal tract more often,and have more severe clinical manifestation and pathological process, as compared with Chinese patients.     

Hepatitis C risk assessment, testing and referral for treatment in urban primary care： Role of race and ethnicity

AIMTo determine rates of hepatitis C(HCV)risk factor ascertainment,testing,and referral in urban primary care practices,with particular attention to the effect of race and ethnicity.METHODSRetrospective chart review from four primary care sites in Philadelphia;two academic primary care practices and two community clinics was performed.Demographics,HCV risk factors,and other risk exposure information were collected.RESULTSFour thousand four hundred and seven charts were reviewed.Providers documented histories of injection drug use(IDU)and transfusion for less than 20% and 5% of patients,respectively.Only 55% of patients who admitted IDU were tested for HCV.Overall,minorities were more likely to have information regarding a risk factor documented than their white counterparts (79% vs 68%,P ＜ 0.0001).Hispanics were less likely to have a risk factor history documented,compared to blacks and whites(P ＜ 0.0001).Overall,minorities were less likely to be tested for HCV than whites in the presence of a known risk factor(23% vs 35%,P = 0.004).Among patients without documentation of risk factors,blacks and Hispanics were more likely to be tested than whites(20% and 24%,vs 13%,P ＜ 0.005,respectively).CONCLUSION(1)Documentation of an HCV risk factor history in urban primary care is uncommon,(2)Racial differences exist with respect to HCV risk factor ascertainment and testing,(3)Minority patients,positive for HCV,are less likely to be referred for subspecialty care and treatment.Overall,minorities are less likely to be tested for HCV than whites in the presence of a known risk factor.