腹内高压对门静脉压、中心静脉压影响的实验研究

目的研究腹内压升高对大鼠中心静脉压和门静脉压的影响。方法将20只成年雄性SD大鼠分别通过颈静脉插管、穿刺门静脉主干法来测定中心静脉压和门静脉压，运用氮气气腹法制作大鼠腹内高压动物模型。建立气腹后分别在0、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45mmHg压力值下测得中心静脉压和门静脉压。结果中心静脉压和腹内压之间的直线回归方程为Y=2．824＋0．045X，相关系数r=0．984（P〈0．01）；门静脉压和腹内压之间的直线回归方程为Y=8．887＋0．939X，相关系数r=0．998（P〈0．01）。结论腹内压与中心静脉压和门静脉压有很好的相关性，可以根据腹内压监测中心静脉压和门静脉压的变化。     

输液中心的护理管理及效果

我院输液中心成立于2000年,为患儿提供输液治疗的场所,每日接受600例左右患儿输液,实施了良好的护理管理,使每位患儿圆满完成输液治疗,效果满意。现将我院输液中心的护理管理及效果报告如下。1环境管理1.1输液中心必须保持适宜的温度、湿度和新鲜空气。中心有地温中央空调,冬暖     

硬膜外导管在输卵管吻合术中的应用

输卵管吻合术中传统常用马尾做为支架进行吻合,但由于其取材不便,且需经过严格消毒灭菌后方可使用,已逐渐被临床淘汰.目前我院采用一次性灭菌硬膜外导管取代马尾作为支架应用于输卵管吻合术中,临床应用效果良好,现介绍如下.     

避免静脉配药差错的两点改进

静脉配药是护理工作中比较普遍的一项操作。以往是将输液单按床号横向排列 ,按输液顺序将输液瓶排列在输液单后面 ,准备配置的药物分别放在对应的输液瓶旁边。一些禁饮食及外科术后需要大量补液的病人 ,往往是多瓶液体、多种药物罗列在桌面上。这样不但容易与邻近病人的药物混淆 ,而且要占用护士大部分交接班时间来进行药物核对。另外 ,一张张输液单摆放在治疗台上 ,常容易被风吹散 ,被水、药物打湿而字迹模糊。我科在临床工作中将以上两种情况进行了改进 ,并在全院各科进行推广。自 1998年 7月实施至今 ,普遍反映良好 ,无 1例发生药物混乱 …     

不同液体术前急性高容量血液稀释对深静脉血栓病人血液流变学的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) with different fluids on blood rheology in patients with deep vein (femoral and iliac) thrombosis. Methods Thirty ASA I or II patients aged 40-64 yr who had developed deep vein thrombosis in 48 h and were scheduled for embolectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each) ; group I normal saline (NS) ; group II 6 % HES 200/0.5 ( HES) ; group IE gelofusine (GEL). AHH was performed with normal saline, 6% HES or gelofusine infusion at 20 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 for 40 min. MAP, HR and SpO2 were monitored. Blood loss, volume of blood transfusion and fluid infused and urine output during operation were recorded. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3-5 fig/kg, etomidate 0.15-0.30 mg/kg, propofol 1-2 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1-2 mg/kg and maintained with 2% isoflurane and propofol infusion at 5-8 mg·kg-1·h-1 and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm). PaO2 and PaCO2 were maintained within normal range. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after AHH for measurement of hematocrit (Hct), whole blood viscocity (WBV) at low or high shear rates, plasma viscosity, RBC aggregation and RBC deformation. RBC aggregation index and RBC deformation index were calculated. Results MAP and HR were stable in all patients. The amount of blood transfusion and fluid infused was significantly less in group HES and GEL than in group NS. The WBV at low or high shear rates in group HES and GEL, Hct in all 3 groups and RBC aggregation index in group HES were significantly decreased after AHH, but the RBC deformation index was significantly increased in group HES. Conclusion Colloid is better than crystalloid and HES is better than gelofusine in improving intraoperative hypercoagulability and sluggish blood flow.     

下肢深静脉完全胃肠外营养的护理探讨

目的：完全胃肠外营养为不能从胃肠道摄入的各类重病人补充营养物质和治疗。方法：从股静脉或大隐静脉将硅胶送至下腔静脉，利用此管道输注高能营养液。特点：下肢深静脉ＴＰＮ既方便了护理操作，且减轻了患者的恐惧心理。     

微导管栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形的临床观察

微导管栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形的临床观察吕梁，翟凌云，江勇，席嘉元，曹新华，李纪康，杨维新脑动静脉畸形（ＡＶＭ）是一种常见脑血管发育异常症。发病年龄青、合并症、后遗症多且严重，是神经外科领域的一个治疗难题，近年来国内开展了微导管治疗技术，开创了一个新途径...     

热水手浴用于静脉保护50例疗效观察

目的：探讨长期输液病人手部浅静脉的保护。方法：比较对照组热水手浴50例与常规组42例静脉硬化情况。结果：对照组出现静脉硬化例数及程度明显低于常规组，（P＜0．01）。结论：热水手浴在静脉保护方面有一定的作用。