Alteration in expression of beta 2 integrins on lamina propria lymphocytes in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease

We have previously demonstrated by immunohistochemistry that mucosal expression of beta 2 integrins was enhanced in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis as compared to normal controls. We aimed, therefore, to determine whether there was a corresponding alteration in the expression of CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1), the primary lymphocyte beta 2 integrin, among the principal subsets of lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs). Accordingly, LPLs were extracted from surgical resection specimens derived from patients with Crohn's colitis, ulcerative colitis, and from noninflamed controls. Following immunofluorescent staining, three-color flow-cytometry analysis identified LPLs on the basis of CD45 side scatter gating, which in turn, were further subdivided into CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD19(+) cells to account for the predominant T and B cells in the lamina propria. Expression patterns of CD11a, the alpha-subunit of LFA-1; CD18, the beta-subunit of LFA-1; and alpha d, a novel alpha-subunit of the beta 2 integrin family were assessed for each of these lymphocyte subsets. In Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis there was an increased mean percentage expression of CD4(+) cells and CD11a(+) cells compared with noninflamed controls. CD11a was more likely to be expressed on CD4(+) cells in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and compared with controls and less expressed on CD19(+) cells. It is likely that an influx of CD4(+)11a(+) cells into the lamina propria accounted for these changes. These results suggest that although currently there is great interest in harnessing alpha 4 beta 7 in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, further consideration should be given to the role of CD11a in these disease states.     

Pharmacological basis for use of madecassoside in gouty arthritis: anti-inflammatory,anti-hyperuricemic,and NLRP3 inhibition

Objectives: Gouty arthritis is caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints, which is associated with the rise of serum urate content. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of Madecassoside on gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia.

Methods: DBA/1 mice were intradermally injected with MSU to stimulate joint inflammation or intraperitoneally injected with MSU to trigger peritonitis. Moreover, ICR mice were exposed to potassium oxonate to stimulate hyperuricemia.

Results: Madecassoside repressed MSU-triggered pad swelling, joint 99mTc uptake, and joint inflammation in DBA/1 mice with gouty arthritis. Neutrophil infiltration and IL-1β & IL-6 & MCP-1 secretion was also alleviated in lavage fluids from DBA/1 mice with peritonitis due to Madecassoside treatment. Furthermore, Madecassoside decreased MSU-induced neutrophil cytosolic factor 1, caspase-1 and NLRP3 expression in mice with peritoneal inflammation. In hyperuricemic mice, Madecassoside improved renal dysfunction. Serum uric acid, BUN, and creatinine were down-regulated by Madecassoside.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that Madecassoside has potential to ameliorate inflammation in both acute gouty arthritis model and peritonitis model, probably via regulating IL-1β and NLRP3 expression.

Practical point: Madecassoside also exhibited a urate-lowering effect and a renal protective effect in hyperuricemic mice.     

Gadd45β和Gadd45γ在亚砷酸钠所致的MIHA细胞周期改变中的作用

目的 探索Gadd45β和Gadd45γ在亚砷酸钠所致的MIHA细胞周期改变中的作用,为砷中毒的人群防治提供依据。方法 收集贵州省兴仁县雨樟镇交乐病区砷中毒人群以及格沙屯正常人群分别作为砷中毒组和对照组,实时荧光定量PCR检测各组人群Gadd45β和Gadd45γ基因mRNA表达水平。同时,分别以不同剂量亚砷酸钠、不同时间处理MIHA细胞,流式细胞术测定细胞周期改变情况,实时荧光定量PCR和免疫印迹法分别检测Gadd45β和Gadd45γ基因mRNA表达水平和蛋白表达情况。在上述实验基础上,针对Gadd45β和Gadd45γ基因分别设计的siRNA作用于染砷的MIHA细胞,反向验证Gadd45β和Gadd45γ基因在砷致细胞周期改变过程中的影响。统计学分析采用独立样本t检验比较两组间差异,采用单因素方差比较多组间差异。结果 人群实验研究发现,与对照组相比,砷中毒患者Gadd45β和Gadd45γ基因mRNA表达水平升高（t = 2.576,P = 0.011;t = 2.312,P = 0.022）;MIHA细胞中,随亚砷酸钠染毒剂量、染毒时间增加,细胞G2/M期比例明显升高（F剂量 = 340.136,P＜0.001;F时间 = 49.194,P＜0.001）;在相对较低亚砷酸钠浓度（低于20 μmol/L）、一定时间内（低于48 h）Gadd45β和Gadd45γ基因mRNA和蛋白表达水平随染砷剂量、染砷时间升高而升高,超过该浓度范围和作用时间后,出现表达下降的现象（Gadd45β:F剂量-蛋白 = 37.568,P＜0.001;F剂量- mRNA = 9.771,P＜0.001;F时间-蛋白 = 61.144,P＜0.001;F时间- mRNA = 46.366,P = 0.001;Gadd45γ:F剂量-蛋白 = 12.989,P = 0.001;F剂量- mRNA = 23.613,P＜0.001;F时间-蛋白 = 27.425,P＜0.001;F时间- mRNA = 37.969,P＜0.001）。转染siRNA分别下调Gadd45β和Gadd45γ的表达后,细胞周期都出现G2/M期比例下调（t = 3.053,P = 0.038;t = 14.47,P＜0.001）。结论 砷致Gadd45β和Gadd45γ基因表达水平升高在其诱导MIHA细胞出现G2/M期阻滞过程中发挥重要作用。     

Berberine plays a cardioprotective role by inhibiting macrophage Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway in the myocardium of mice after myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the diseases with high fatality rate. Berberine (BBR) is a monomer compound with various biological functions. And some studies have confirmed that BBR plays an important role in alleviating cardiomyocyte injury after MI. However, the specific mechanism is unclear. In this study, we induced a model of MI by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and we surprisingly found that BBR significantly improved ventricular remodeling, with a minor inflammatory and oxidative stress injury, and stronger angiogenesis. Moreover, BBR inhibited the secretion of Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway in macrophages after MI, thus promoting the differentiation of macrophages into M2 type. In summary, BBR effectively improved cardiac function of mice after MI, and the potential protective mechanism was associated with the regulation of inflammatory responses and the inhibition of macrophage Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway in the infarcted heart tissues. Importantly, these findings supported BBR as an effective cardioprotective drug after MI.     

冬凌草甲素抑制人卵巢癌细胞恶性行为及机制研究

目的 研究冬凌草甲素（Oridonin）对人卵巢癌（Human ovarian cancer）SKOV3 细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响及其潜在的分子机制。方法 采用CCK-8 法检测不同浓度（0、5、10、20、40、80μmol/L）的冬凌草甲素作用SKOV3细胞24、48 和72h 后细胞活力的变化,计算半数抑制浓度（IC50）。采用Annexin V-FITC/PI 双染法检测SKOV3细胞凋亡。采用划痕修复实验检测SKOV3细胞的迁移能力,Transwell小室实验检测SKOV3的侵袭能力。Western blot检测SKOV3细胞上皮细胞间充质转化（EMT）蛋白［E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）、波形蛋白（Vimentin）］和Wnt/β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）信号通路中β-catenin及下游靶分子原癌基因（C-myc）、细胞周期蛋白D1（Cyclin D1）蛋白的表达。结果 冬凌草甲素可抑制SKOV3 细胞活力,且具有时间-剂量依赖性,作用24、48 和72 h后IC50值为23.57、12.48和7.29μmol/L。与对照组比较,5、10和20μmol/L冬凌草甲素作用SKOV3细胞24h 后,细胞凋亡率明显升高,迁移率和侵袭率降低（P<0.05）。与对照组比较,5、10和20μmol/L冬凌草甲素可升高E-cadherin 蛋白表达（P<0.05）,降低Vimentin 表达（P<0.05）。与对照组比较,5、10和20 μmol/L冬凌草甲素可降低β-catenin、C-myc和Cyclin D1表达（P<0.05）。结论 冬凌草甲素具有抑制SKOV3细胞增殖、转移和侵袭能力的作用,该作用与其抑制Wnt/β-catenin 信号通路有关。     

日本血吸虫尾蚴cDNA文库的免疫学筛选及EST序列的分析

目的为获得日本血吸虫（Schistosoma japonicura，Sj）转化生长因子β1（TGF—β1）基因的部分或全长cDNA序列。同时验证用针对某一蛋白的抗体筛选表达文库是否可以得到相应蛋白对应的基因序列。方法采用兔抗鼠TGF—β1血清，对Sj尾蚴cDNA表达文库进行免疫学筛选，对阳性克隆进行PCR扩增后，将大于500bp的克隆进行复筛，对复筛阳性的克隆进行测序和生物信息学鉴定。结果对大约10^6个噬菌斑进行了初筛。共获得7个阳性克隆；经过PCR扩增后，其中有4个克隆大于500bp，复筛获得3个持续阳性克隆；对测序后的阳性克隆进行生物信息学鉴定，得到的三个克隆均与日本血吸虫辅酶Q10氧化还原酶（SjCHGC）基因具有高的同源性（Bhata分值都大于200）。结论SjCHGC蛋白与兔抗鼠TGF—β1抗体的反应为交叉反应，用抗某一蛋白的抗体筛选表达文库得到相应蛋白的基因序列的方法不一定可行。     

头孢菌素类抗生素的耐药性比较研究

实验应用分光光度计观察了体外培养基中细菌在CPT,CTZ,β—内酰胺酶以及酶抑制剂MCIPC单独和相互作用下的生长浊度变化。①分别单用CPT(10MIC)和CTZ(15MIC)均可溶解细菌;而当加入微量酶液则可明显拮抗。②上述实验系统中同时加用MCIPC(1/16MIC)则能翻转酶对CPT和CTZ溶菌作用的拮抗而出现溶菌。③但当CPT或CTZ分别与酶在菌液中孵育10分或30分钟后,再加用等量MCIPC时仅能翻转酶对第三代头孢菌素-CTZ的拮抗,重新再现溶菌作用,而此时对第一代头孢菌素—CPT的溶菌作用则不能再现。该实验为第三代头孢菌素的非水解屏障耐药机制提供了重要依据。