慢性肾衰竭急性加重的临床特征及相关因素分析

目的：探讨慢性肾衰竭（CRF）急性加重因素及其治疗措施对预后的影响。方法：对2001年1月～2005年6月住院治疗的CRF急性加重患者42例，按其加重原因、基础疾病、治疗方式和疗效进行回顾性总结。结果：CRF急性加重因素依次为各种感染（45．2％）、原发病加重（19．0％）、高血压未控制（14．3％）、水电解质紊乱（11．9％）、肾毒性药物（11．9％）、心功能不全（9．5％）、尿路梗阻（4．8％）、血高粘滞状态（2．4%），7例同时存在≥2种上述病因（16．7％）。CRF急性加重原发病以慢性肾小球肾炎（52．4％）和糖尿病肾病（11．9％）为主。积极治疗后肾功能恢复达到或接近原来水平者40例，死亡2例，死亡2例的年龄均在60岁以上。结论：对于CRF肾功能急剧恶化的患者，应积极寻找其加重因素，并采取非透析和透析相结合治疗，改善肾功能，降低病死率，延长患者生命。     

胆道梗阻性重症胰腺炎的治疗(附29例报告)

目的探讨胆道梗阻性重症胰腺炎合理治疗方案.方法分析29例胆道梗阻性重症胰腺炎的临床治疗.结果治疗效果满意.结论对胆道梗阻性重症胰腺炎宜早期手术.手术方法应简单易行,确保充分引流及解除胆道梗阻.如何避免坏死的胰腺组织继发感染是问题关键,保护胰腺被膜完整性是避免胰腺继发感染的重要措施之一.     

中药口服与灌肠配合氦-氖激光治疗老年人慢性肾功能衰竭临床观察

观察调中益肾活血通腑中药口服与灌肠配合低能量氦 -氖激光血管内照射(ILIB)疗法对老年人慢性肾功能衰竭 (CRF)的疗效。治疗组予中药口服与灌肠配合ILIB疗法 ,并与阳性对照药依那普利作比较。结果 :两组病例在Scr、BUN、尿蛋白方面均有显著降低 ,但治疗组在改善临床症状、提高红细胞SOD及血浆免疫球蛋白方面均优于对照组。结论 :调中益肾活血通腑中药口服与灌肠配合ILIB疗法具有明显改善老年CRF的肾功能、调整胃肠机能、提高机体免疫能力的作用。     

老年慢性病患者常见症状与生存质量的相关性研究

目的 探讨老年慢性病患者常见症状间的相互关系及其对生存质量的影响,以寻找提高其生存质量的护理对策.方法 采用焦虑自评量表、老年人抑郁量表、SF-36量表对230例老年慢性病患者进行常见症状及生存质量调查,并分析各种症状间的关系以及症状与生存质量的相关性.结果 老年慢性病患者生存质量八大项目得分偏低.常见躯体症状包括躯体疼痛、头晕、疲乏、睡眠障碍发生率依次为25.73%、33.80%、25.00%、22.05%.常见心理症状焦虑和抑郁得分为38.35±7.26、8.71±5.21.且各种常见症状之间呈正相关(r=0.80～0.612,P<0.05),各种常见症状与生存质量呈负相关(r=-0.175～-0.623,P<0.05).结论 在老年慢性病患者居家护理过程中,须及时采取积极有效护理措施控制或减轻病人症状,且躯体症状护理与心理护理应并重,措施实施与原因排查应同步,主要症状与次要症状要兼顾,以提高其生存质量.     

Discrimination of idiopathic pain syndromes from neurogenic pain syndromes and healthy volunteers by means of clinical rating,personality traits,monoamine metabolites in CSF,serum cortisol,platelet MAO and urinary melatonin

Summary The aim of the present study was to investigate the discriminative power of a series of variables (including determination of depressive symptomatology by means of a visual analogue scale, determination of personality traits by means of the Karolinska Scales of Personality, determination of monoamine metabolites in CSF, platelet MAO activities, serum cortisol before and after dexamethasone suppression and urinary melatonin) in differentiating (a) chronic pain patients from healthy subjects, and (b) patients with idiopathic pain syndromes from patients with neurogenic pain syndromes. Separately each of the measures gave a significant but often low contribution to the discrimination, while a combination of several measures gave a complete discrimination both between healthy subjects and patients with chronic pain syndromes and between patients with idiopathic and neurogenic pain syndromes, respectively.Supported in part by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council (grants no. 3371, 4145 and 5740) and by a grant from Stiftelsen Söderström-Königska Sjukhemmet     

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphoma in an Iranian fat-tailed sheep: a case report

A 5-year-old Iranian fat-tailed sheep was referred to the Veterinary Clinic of Shiraz University in September 2003 with a history of emaciation, fever, decreased appetite, lethargy and cough. Small cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules were palpable, especially under the ribs on both sides of the thorax. Discrete cutaneous plaques and large scabby lesions were also observed. Very large mammary gland lymph nodes were noticed on palpation. Haematological and serum biochemical values were estimated through standard haematological and biochemical techniques. In this case a normocytic–normochromic anaemia, leukocytosis and lymphocytosis were found. The concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, cholesterol and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were higher than the values reported for sheep. Necropsy findings revealed that the lymph nodes were affected in most organs. Malignant lymphoma in the kidney, heart, spleen, mammary glands, liver and bone marrow was observed. The histopathological appearance of the affected tissues varied considerably, depending upon the degree of tumour infiltration. According to the history, clinical signs, laboratory findings, necropsy findings and histopathological examination the case was diagnosed as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphoma.     

非右房肥大的P波高电压(附39例临床分析)

本文报告39例临床上除外右房肥大的P波高电压,此种P波高电压主要见于冠心病及急性颅脑疾患,二者之和占76.9%。其形态64%与肺性P波相同。产生的机制可能与结间束传导阻滞、中枢调节机能受累、交感神经兴奋性增高等有关。     

复方丹参注射液干扰素治疗乙肝后肝纤维化

目的探讨复方丹参注射液联合干扰素治疗慢性乙肝患者的疗效。方法110例慢性乙肝患者，按随机方法分成①对照组30例，应用普通保肝药物治疗，疗程6个月；②丹参组30例，应用复方丹参注射液（每ml含丹参、降香各1g）30ml加入10％葡萄糖溶液300ml中静脉注射1个月；③IFN组30例，应用IFN—α 3MU，隔日一次肌内注射，3个月；④联合组20例，应用复方丹参注射液30ml加10％葡萄糖溶液300ml静脉注射1个月，IFN-α 3MU，隔日一次肌内注射，3个月。丹参组，IFN组和联合组保肝药物治疗同对照组。四组病例在性别、年龄、病程，治疗前肝功能等方面均无统计学差异。治疗前检测肝功能，肝炎病毒标志，血清HA、IV—C、PCI—Ⅱ，部分病例进行肝穿病理检查。治疗开始后每月检测肝功能，3个月（治疗后）和6个月（随访时）时检测血清HA、IV—C、PCⅢ及乙肝病毒标志，治疗后1年行肝穿病理检查。结果治疗前四组患者血清HA、PCⅢ、IV—C水平无统计学差异；治疗后丹参组、IFN组、联合组血清HA、FCⅢ、IV—C水平较治疗前及对照组有不同程度的降低。结论复方丹参注射液联合IFN治疗可使血清HA、PCⅢ、IV—C有明显下降，肝组织病理改变明显改善，为目前有效的慢性乙肝治疗措施。     

急性胰腺炎患者血小板计数变化规律及临床意义

目的探讨急性胰腺炎(AP)时血小板计数的变化规律及其临床意义。方法回顾性分析AP不同病程、严重程度、性别、年龄的血小板计数变化的特点。结果AP发病第1天中有49%的患者血小板计数<100×109/L,该比例随后逐渐下降(r=-0.85);平均血小板计数在起病的前2周内呈上升趋势(r=0.96),且不同发病天数间的平均血小板计数有显著差异(P<0.01)。病程中后期,部分患者的血小板计数>300×109/L,其比例随病程时间延长而升高(r=0.83);上述变化在不同性别中无明显差异,但≥60岁的患者中血小板计数<100×109/L的比例明显高于<60岁者(P<0.05)。重症胰腺炎(SAP)患者发病前3天首次血小板计数<100×109/L的比例(57%)明显多于轻症AP患者(19%,P<0.001),病程中血小板计数>300×109/L的比例(29%)也明显多于轻症患者(7%,P<0.001)。如以发病后首次血小板计数<100×109/L为标准预测SAP,其敏感性59%,特异性81%,阳性预测值51%,阴性预测值85%。结论AP发病时血小板计数有下降趋势,随着病程延长,血小板计数有增高趋势,血小板计数<100×109/L对预测SAP有较高的特异性。