他汀类药物对心血管的保护作用

他汀类药物(statins)被研制出来的最初目的是降低血脂,但是现在发现它不仅具有降低血脂的作用,还具有很多其他的作用包括改善内皮细胞功能的紊乱,提高内皮源性一氧化氮合成酶的生物活性,抑制血管平滑肌细胞的增殖,抗氧化作用,抗炎作用,降低血压,逆转心血管系统的重构。充分理解statins的多效性作用及机制有利于它更好的在临床中被应用于心血管系统的预防和治疗。     

饮酒对小鼠睾丸生精小管一氧化氮合酶、增殖细胞核抗原表达及细胞凋亡影响的研究

目的　探讨酒精对小鼠睾丸的组织结构、内皮型一氧化氮合酶 (eNOS)、增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)及细胞凋亡的影响。　方法　用 5 %、10 %及 15 % 3种不同浓度的酒精作用于 2 2d龄小鼠 ,取睾丸做石蜡切片、HE染色 ;用免疫组织化学方法检测睾丸eNOS、细胞增殖的变化 ;TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡的变化 ,并进行统计学分析。　结果　随着酒精浓度的增大 ,睾丸组织结构发生明显改变 ,生精小管的直径逐渐减小 ,eNOS阳性细胞面积密度逐渐增大 ,单位面积内PCNA阳性细胞和凋亡细胞数目增加 ,高浓度酒精组与其他组差异极显著 (P <0 0 1)。　结论　酒精可使生精小管的直径变小 ,eNOS及PCNA表达增强 ,凋亡细胞增加并随酒精浓度的增大而变化加重。这可能是过量饮酒导致生精细胞减少 ,生殖能力降低的重要因素。     

eNOS基因和MTHFR基因多态性与妊娠高血压综合征发病的相关性研究进展

〔摘要〕 妊娠高血压综合征（妊高征）产科常见的并发症，是引起孕产妇和围产儿死亡的主要原因之一，对其发病原因和机理尚不清楚。一般认为是由环境因素和遗传因素共同作用造成的，目前的研究热点是易感基因与妊高征的关系。本文对内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）基因和亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态性与妊高征发病的相关性进行了综述。     

金粉蕨素拮抗氧化损伤所抑制的内皮细胞增殖的作用及其机制

目的　探讨金粉蕨素拮抗Menadione氧化损伤所抑制的内皮细胞增殖的作用及其机制。方法　以Menadione(O- 2 )损伤人脐静脉内皮细胞作为氧化损伤模型 ,采用MTT法和细胞计数法 ,观察不同浓度金粉蕨素对Menadione损伤内皮细胞生长抑制率的影响 ;利用硝酸还原酶法测定培养液中NO含量 ;以Westernblot检测细胞eNOS活性及磷酸化ERK1 / 2的表达。结果　金粉蕨素保护组与损伤组相比 ,内皮细胞的生长抑制率明显降低 ,培养液中NO含量增高 ,eNOS活性增强 ,磷酸化ERK1 / 2表达上调。结论　NO和ERK1 / 2通路可能介导了金粉蕨素拮抗Menadione氧化损伤所抑制内皮细胞增殖的保护作用     

Choline acetyltransferase is found in terminals of horizontal cells that label with GABA, nitric oxide synthase and calcium binding proteins in the turtle retina

In this study, we discriminated the various types of horizontal cell in the turtle retina on their content of neuroactive substances. Double label immunocytochemistry was performed on sectioned and wholemount retina using antisera to neural- and endothelial-nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, and eNOS), calretinin (CR), calbindin (CB), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). H1 cells and their axon terminals label with CR, CB and GABA. Only H1 axon terminals label with eNOS. H2 cells contain CB, CR, nNOS and GABA maybe in their dendrites. H3 cells label only with nNOS. The localization of nNOS in the H2 and H3 cells is a novel finding. None of these antibodies labels H4 cells. The photoreceptor subtypes have been differentiated by different intensity of labeling with CB. The accessory member of the double cone is less intensely labeled with CB than the principal member and rods and blue cones do not appear to label at all. ChAT-IR is located in terminal boutons of H1 and H2 horizontal cells and H1 axon terminals and these boutons contact rods and all spectral types of cones. Clearly, GABA is present in H1 horizontal cells and may be used in neurotransmission between horizontal cells and possibly for feedback pathways to photoreceptors. The evidence of nNOS immunoreactivity in H2 and H3 horizontal cells, combined with available physiological evidence, suggests that NO may be involved in electrical coupling and/or modulation of synaptic input to these types of cells. Furthermore, our results raise the possibility that cholinergic synaptic transmission may occur from horizontal cell processes to photoreceptors in the outer plexiform layer of the turtle retina.     

eNOS基因变异与超重对早发冠心病的影响

目的探讨内皮型～氧化氮合成酶(eNOS)基因第7外显子G894T(Glu298Asp)变异与超重交互作用对早发冠心病的影响。方法采用以医院为基础的病例对照研究方法，选择新诊断的冠心病患者为研究对象；男性55岁以前及女性65岁以前患冠心病为早发冠心病；以132例早发冠心病患者为病例，172例迟发冠心病患者为对照组。运用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性检测G894T变异；用相加模型分析G894T变异与超重的交互作用。结果G894T变异与超重之间对早发冠心病具有正交互作用，协同效应指数(S)为1．45；交互效应超额相对危险度(RERI)为1．32；归因交互效应百分比(AP)为25．06％。用多元Logistic回归调整性别、吸烟、饮酒、腰臀比、甘油三酯、总胆固醇后，G894T变异与超重之间对早发冠心病仍具有正交互作用。调整上述混杂因素后，S为1．43；RERI为2.76；AP为27．21。结论eNOS基因G894T变异与超重在早发冠心病的患病中存在明显的正相加模型交互作用，使早发冠心病患病危险性增加近3倍；G894T变异与超重同时存在时，早发冠心病患病危险性中约27％是由于两者交互作用所导致。     

Puerarin activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase through estrogen receptor-dependent PI3-kinase and calcium-dependent AMP-activated protein kinase

The cardioprotective properties of puerarin, a natural product, have been attributed to the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-mediated production of nitric oxide (NO) in EA.hy926 endothelial cells. However, the mechanism by which puerarin activates eNOS remains unclear. In this study, we sought to identify the intracellular pathways underlying eNOS activation by puerarin. Puerarin induced the activating phosphorylation of eNOS on Ser1177 and the production of NO in EA.hy926 cells. Puerarin-induced eNOS phosphorylation required estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling and was reversed by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) inhibition. Importantly, puerarin inhibited the adhesion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated monocytes to endothelial cells and suppressed the TNF-α induced expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1. Puerarin also inhibited the TNF-α-induced nuclear factor-κB activation, which was attenuated by pretreatment with N^G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, a NOS inhibitor. These results indicate that puerarin stimulates eNOS phosphorylation and NO production via activation of an estrogen receptor-mediated PI3K/Akt- and CaMKII/AMPK-dependent pathway. Puerarin may be useful for the treatment or prevention of endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.     

银杏蜜环口服溶液作用p38 MAPK调节eNOS/NO信号途径保护人脐静脉内皮细胞缺氧复氧损伤

目的:评估银杏蜜环口服溶液对缺氧复氧损伤人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)的保护作用;从p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)及内皮型一氧化氮合酶(e NOS)/一氧化氮(NO)信号途径探讨银杏蜜环口服溶液保护受损HUVECs的药效机制。方法:缺氧缺糖/复氧复糖法建立体外HUVECs缺血再灌注损伤模型。分为正常组、模型组、银杏蜜环口服溶液高质量浓度组(75 mg·L-1,简称银蜜高),低质量浓度组(36 mg·L-1,简称银蜜低),p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580组,银蜜高+SB203580组,e NOS抑制剂亚硝基左旋精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)组,银蜜高+L-NAME组。细胞增殖-毒性检测试剂盒(CCK-8)及微量酶标法检测细胞活力及细胞损伤;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测磷酸化p38 MAPK(p-p38 MAPK)/p38 MAPK和磷酸化e NOS(p-e NOS)/e NOS蛋白表达;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(s ICAM-1),半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)含量;硝酸盐还原酶法检测NO含量。结果:银蜜高、银蜜低组可显著提高缺氧复氧损伤HUVECs活力、降低细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出量(P0.05,P0.01);抑制受损细胞p38的磷酸化(P0.05),降低细胞培养上清中TNF-α,s ICAM-1含量(P0.05,P0.01)。在给予银蜜高或(和)SB203580后,受抑制的e NOS磷酸化表达水平显著升高(P0.05);银蜜高可显著提高受损细胞NO含量,在加入e NOS抑制剂L-NAME后,银蜜高可拮抗L-NAME降低细胞NO生成和升高Caspase-3的作用(P0.05)。结论:银杏蜜环口服溶液可提高氧复氧损伤HUVEs活力,具有抗炎、调节内皮系统、抑制细胞凋亡的作用,机制与其作用于p38 MAPK进而调节e NOS-NO信号途径相关。     

尿畅舒胶囊对去势雌鼠膀胱及血清内皮型一氧化氮合酶、水通道蛋白1的影响

目的观察尿畅舒胶囊对去势雌鼠膀胱质量、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)及水通道蛋白1(AQP1)含量的影响,探讨其治疗绝经后膀胱过度活动症的机理。方法 SD雌性大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、尼尔雌醇组及尿畅舒组。摘除卵巢建立大鼠雌激素缺乏模型,各给药组给予相应药物灌胃,空白组及模型组灌胃等量生理盐水。给药4周后,测定膀胱质量、膀胱壁厚度;采用ELISA测定血清及膀胱组织中eNOS、AQP1的含量,分光光度法测定一氧化氮(NO)浓度。结果大鼠双侧卵巢切除后,膀胱质量减轻,膀胱黏膜层及肌层明显萎缩、变薄;尿畅舒组大鼠膀胱质量增加,黏膜层细胞排列紧密、层次分明,肌层增厚。空白组、尼尔雌醇组及尿畅舒组血清eNOS、NO均明显高于模型组(P0.05);尿畅舒组与尼尔雌醇组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);去势大鼠血清AQP1明显下降,给予雌激素及尿畅舒胶囊后上升;而膀胱AQP1含量在去势前后及给予雌激素、尿畅舒胶囊后差异无统计学意义。结论尿畅舒胶囊可逆转雌激素缺乏导致的膀胱黏膜及平滑肌萎缩,提高血清及膀胱eNOS含量,从而治疗绝经后膀胱过度活动症。