低能级体外冲击波碎石治疗肾鹿角形结石

目的探讨低能级体外冲击波碎石(extracorporeal shock wave lithortripsy,ESWL)治疗肾鹿角形结石的效果. 方法对18例鹿角形结石进行体外冲击波治疗.碎石能级1～3级,冲击次数1 800～3 000次,脉冲间隔60 ～80次/min,工作电压10～12.75 kV. 若结石直径>3 cm,在碎石前预先插入双J管,防止石街形成.对直径>4 mm的残余结石,再次行ESWL,直至结石完全消失. 结果所有病人耐受良好,治疗结束能自行回家.除1例碎石失败外,余17例经ESWL治疗成功.治疗3～9次,至完全排除结石.66例次(66/77,85.7%)术后有1～2次肉眼血尿.5例出现石街,长1.9～5.2 cm,4例石街经再次碎石成功,1例输尿管镜取石. 结论低能级ESWL治疗肾鹿角形结石是一种安全、有效的方法.     

Pattern of periodontal breakdown in adult Tanzanians

Abstract – A total of 170 adult Tanzanians aged 30- 691 yr were examined for loss of attachment, gingival recession, plaque, calculus and gingival bleeding on all surfaces, of all teeth. The severity of loss of attachment varied considerably between tooth types. Irrespective of age, mandibular incisors and first and second molars were the teeth most affected by loss of attachment. In all age groups heavy plaque deposits and gingival bleeding occurred more frequently in posterior than in anterior teeth, Dental calculus was most frequently observed in the maxillary posterior and mandibular anterior teeth. The distribution of calculus within the dentition showed a close resemblance with the patterns of loss of attachment and gingival recession. The variation of the severity of periodontal breakdown within individuals indicates that the use of mean values to describe periodontal breakdown may give the impression of a greater uniformity than really exists.     

Periodontal status of a subject sample of Yemen

Abstract From August to October 1991, the periodontal status of 1001 Yemenis representing the age groups 12-14, 15-19, 20-24 and 35-44 years was recorded and evaluated with preference to the CPITN, the calculus index and clinical attachment levels. The impact of chewing khat, the leaves of a cultivated, alkaloid shrub, and of using the traditional miswak chewing stick for oral hygiene purposes were investigated. The results show that 6.9% of the juvenile probands (15-19 years) had healthy periodontal tissue (CPITN 0). whereas bleeding on probing and calculus (CPITN 1+2) were registered in 86.2%. In the 35-44 year age group. 1.7% were periodontally healthy, whereas 84.5% displayed plaque retention or shallow pocketing (CPITN 2-3) and 12.5% deep pocketing (CPITN 4). The treatment needs in all age groups are confined primarily to calculus removal and instruction in oral hygiene. The clinical attachment level and the calculus index revealed age-related attachment loss and calculus formation, primarily among male probands. The higher khat consumption among the male population is reflected in its detrimental effect on the periodontal tissue, especially among younger probands. Oral hygiene aids have also an influence on periodontal status, with a toothbrush proving more efficient than the miswak. WHO efforts directed towards prophylactic programs need to be intensified but can be staffed by dental hygienists.     

一种中西药复方制剂(PESM)对大鼠实验性肾结石形成的抑制作用

用乙二醇法诱导大鼠产生草酸钙结石，用45~Ca示踪测定法了解中草药复方制剂（PESM）对草酸钙结石形成的抑制作用。结果显示，实验组肾脏放射性强度明显减少（实验组3.47±3.52cpm／mg，对照组10.89±14.24cpm／mg）。干肾重量明显下降（实验组306.0±47.0mg，对照组343.1±59.4mg），说明PESM能明显抑制肾脏草酸钙结石的形成。     

Comparative study of oral conditions in schoolchildren of Strasbourg, France, 1974–85

A representative sample of 1650 children randomly selected in the 6-15-yr-old schoolchild population of Strasbourg was examined by well-calibrated examiners. The prevalence of caries was determined with the DMFT, DMFS and dft indices using bitewing radiographs. Plaque, calculus and gingival indices were also determined. The results obtained were compared with the initial study of 1974 performed in Strasbourg using the same epidemiologic methods. Whereas no important variations were observed in caries prevalence of primary teeth, a significant reduction of caries activity was observed in DMFT and DMFS indices in all age groups. There was a reduction of these two indices of respectively 32% and 33% in the 12-yr-old children. The reduction was the most significant on approximal surface lesions. A statistically significant decrease of the calculus and gingival indices was also observed between 1974 and 1984. A less significant decrease was observed for the plaque index.     

经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石联合超声碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石疗效观察

目的：评价经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石联合超声碎石术处理复杂性肾结石的疗效。方法：自2003年9月～2004年4月采用经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石联合超声碎石术Ⅰ期治疗肾结石38例42侧。结果：平均手术时间85min，结石处理时间62min，结石清除率88．1％；5例多发性结石或铸形结石患者经皮通道小角度的肾盏内有直径小于1cm结石残留，辅助施行体外冲击波碎石治疗。随访1～3个月，无严重手术并发症。结论：经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石联合超声碎石术处理大的复杂性肾结石具有高效、安全的特点，结石清除率高，值得临床推广应用。     

京尼平苷对地鼠胆固醇结石形成的影响

目的观察京尼平苷预防给药对地鼠胆固醇结石形成的影响.方法用高脂肪高蛋白致石饲料造成地鼠胆固醇结石模型,阳性对照药物熊去氧胆酸80mg/kg和京尼平苷50,100mg/kgig,每天预防给药,给药30d后作胆囊内容物涂片检查观察地鼠的成石率,检测胆汁脂类成分计算胆汁成石指数.结果模型组的成石率为100%,成石指数(LI)大于1;京尼平苷50和100mg/kg组的成石率分别为40%(P＜0.05)和25%(P＜0.01),LI均小于1,熊去氧胆酸组的成石率与LI与京尼平苷100mg/kg组相近.结论京尼平苷对地鼠胆固醇结石的形成可能具有抑制作用.     

Stone extraction with loop ureteral catheter versus ureteroscopy in small distal ureteral stones—retrospective comparison of 547 consecutive patients

BackgroundTo evaluate whether stone extraction with a loop ureteral catheter (LUC) in distal ureteral stones is associated with a higher frequency of ureteral strictures compared to treatment with primary ureteroscopic stone removal (p-URS) or ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy (l-URS).MethodsFive hundred and forty-seven consecutive patients were primarily endourologically treated for distal ureteral stones in our department between 2005 and 2019 and included in the study protocol. Data was retrospectively obtained from the patients’ charts and medical reports as well as from office-based urologists. Data analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney test or Student’s t-test as appropriate. A level of P<0.05 was assigned statistical significance.ResultsFour hundred and twelve patients were treated by URS (p-URS n=304, l-URS n=108) and another 135 by LUC stone extraction. Median follow-up was 41 [2–159] months. There was no difference between the groups concerning age, gender, proportion of patients with ureteral stenting, operating time, hospitalization or readmission rates. The number of ureteric strictures was small in all procedures [n=3 (1.0%) in p-URS, n=2 (1.9%) in l-URS and n=2 (1.5%) in LUC] and there was no difference between the groups concerning this serious complication (p-URS vs. LUC: P=0.6465; l-URS vs. LUC: P=0.9999).ConclusionsIn small distal stones, LUC stone extraction still is an alternative to URS procedures in stone management with comparable results concerning postinterventional ureteral strictures. In experienced hands, it still has its value in accurately selected patients.