卵巢浆液性肿瘤几种形态测量指标的比较

应用体视学方法对卵巢浆液性肿瘤进行研究，从定量的角度对卵巢良性、交界性及恶性肿瘤的五项指标进行比较，包括（１）细胞核长短轴之比；（２）结缔组织间质与上皮细胞体积密度之比；（３）细胞核与细胞浆体积密度之比（核浆比）；（４）细胞核平均直径；（５）乳头的上皮厚度。结果表明恶性肿瘤核浆体积密度比明显高于交界性及良性肿瘤（ｐ＜０．０１）；恶性肿瘤结缔组织间质与上皮细胞体积密度之比明显小于交界性及良性肿瘤（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

AIDS: Awareness and blood handling practices of health care workers in Lagos,Nigeria

A questionnaire survey of 260 health care workers from 13 randomly selected health care facilities was undertaken. Their knowledge, attitude, belief and blood handling practices regarding HIV/AIDS were enquired about. Virtually all (99.0%) respondents had heard about AIDS but only 57.0% had seen an AIDS patient before. Although 83.0% knew that AIDS is caused by a virus, a high proportion still confuses mode of transmission with causative agent. Deficient knowledge was exhibited when asked about groups of people who were at a higher risk of contracting HIV and AIDS: Only 54.6% and 51.5% identified homosexuals and IV drug users as being at a higher risk. Almost all (97.0%) of our respondents claimed to have been more careful in their blood handling practices since the emergence of AIDS, 68.5% wore gloves for all procedures involving handling of blood and 28.5% sometimes although as many as 30.4%, 40.4% and 18.1% do not wear gloves for cleaning up blood stained materials, nursing procedures and taking obstetric delivery respectively. It was evident from their responses that not all the health workers knew the correct method for disposing of used bloodstained instruments and left-over blood samples and neither were they all adhering to the safety guidelines recommended for handling these materials. Education of all health care workers in Nigeria on the Universal Precautions Guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 1987 regarding blood, body fluids and contaminated instruments' handling precautions is urgently recommended.     

The'Lightspeed'preparation technique evaluated by Swiss clinicians after attending continuing education courses

This survey evaluated acceptance of the Lightspeed canal preparation (LS) technique by Swiss practitioners. The technique was introduced to Switzerland inJune 1994and 10 other continuing education (CE) courses were held at the Zurich Dental School by July 1995. Acceptance was assessed by posting questionnaires to the CE course attendees. Of the 305 questionnaires posted, 177 (58%) were returned. Of the CE participants 80% had used the technique with 60% finding the method easier and 43% finding it quicker than their usual preparation techniques. Of the respondents 58% used the technique on all tooth types and 76% of the LS users had fractured an instrument at least once. Amongst others, fractures were caused by too much pressure (25%), incorrect insertion angles (17%) and by a complicated root morphology (15%). Fractures occurred high up on the instrument shaft (74%) and near the tip (7%). Working lengths were claimed by 62% to be easier to maintain by LS than their usual preparation techniques. Among the respondents 52% obturated LS prepared canals more easily and quickly compared with their usual preparation techniques. Only 10% of LS users would not recommend the technique, but those who would suggested that proper tuition was necessary to minimize the risk of instrument fracture. The LS technique was positively assessed by clinicians who attended the CE courses in Switzerland where endodontics is not accepted as a speciality     

呼和浩特地区11070名中,小学生视力调查分析

本文共测试了１１０７０名呼和浩特市城区和在区中、小学生的视力。结果是：引起学生视力低下的主要原因为近视，且近视的检出率和重度近视随年龄增长而增加，特别是在１３～１８岁年龄组更为明显；近视检出率城区学生明显高于农区学生（μ＞２．５８，ｐ＜０．０１），但是，无论城区学生或农区学生，女生的检出率分别都明显高于男生（μ＞２．５８，Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

老年病人鼻饲营养调查

对11名69～83岁不能自然进食的男性鼻饲病人进行了全面的营养调查,平均每人每日热能摄取为1722kcal,而热能消耗在1300～1700kcal之间。蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化物每人每日平均摄入82.4、72.5、185.0g,分别占总产热量19.1、37.9、和43.0％。动物蛋白质和动物脂肪分别占总蛋白和总脂肪的71.9和69.3％,蛋白质量较优。脂肪总量虽不太高,但占总产热量偏大,碳水化物嫌少,而(?)(?)(?)投入939mg,摄入过多。钙、磷、铁摄入充裕,可满足需要。维生素A、核黄素也可满足需要,但硫胺素、尼克酸和抗坏血酸摄入量不足。这些都还需要改进。     

沈阳市某农村社区居民健康状况分析

目的：了解沈阳市农村社区居民健康状况及主要健康问题,为农村健康促进工作提供基础资料。方法：采用随机抽样的方法,选择东陵区某中等经济水平农村社区18岁以上成年人进行一般状况调查及健康体检。结果：本社区居民超重和肥胖、高血粘、血压异常、脂肪肝、咽炎、尿路感染、女性阴道炎检出率较高,分别为48.0%,41.5%,33.8%,27.1%,20.7%,7.0%,47.5%。结论：该社区需加强健康教育和健康促进为主导的综合干预措施,进一步促进农村社区人群健康状况。     

住院医师规范化培训与临床实习并轨模式下临床实习生满意度调查

目的　通过开展住院医师规范化培训与临床实习并轨模式下临床实习生对科室和带教教师的满意度调查,探求如何进一步推进临床实习工作。方法　采用整群抽样方式,自行设计量表,量表内容包括：教学工作重视程度、实习安排合理性、教学活动开展情况、教学活动开展质量、出科考核情况、带教教师医德医风示范性、教师带教态度及教师理论知识的传授情况、教师指导医疗操作情况、教师病历修改情况等。对2018年7月至2019年6月某医院临床专业实习生开展问卷调查。采用SPSS 22.0进行两独立样本的t检验或秩和检验方法,多组数据分析采用方差分析。结果　共发放调查问卷1 230份,收回1 195份,有效回收率97.15%。该医院临床实习生总体满意度为（9.62±0.39）分。实习生对带教教师医德医风示范性的评价最高[（9.75±0.78）分],对各科室教学活动开展质量的评价最低[（9.52±1.15）分],各项评价之间差异有统计学意义（F=7.30,P<0.001）。结论　各教研室、各科室在医院推行住院医师规范化培训与临床实习并轨模式下,按要求完成各项带教任务,但教学质量和内涵建设有待加强。     

Attitudes toward male fertility control: results of a multinational survey on four continents

BACKGROUND: Following extensive research activity to develop an effective agent to control male fertility, such a product may be available for use within approximately 5 years. However, little is known concerning contraceptive knowledge, desires and attitudes of men in different countries, and their acceptance of male fertility control (MFC). METHODS: A survey of >9000 males aged 18-50 years was performed in nine countries on four continents in 2002. The objective was to compare, on a cross-cultural basis, the knowledge, attitudes and acceptability of MFC among men and assess their willingness to use such a method. RESULTS: Between 50 and 83% of the male respondents currently use contraceptive methods, and 55-81.5% reported that both partners participate in selecting the method of contraception employed. Overall acceptance of hormonal MFC was high (>55%), with 28.5-71.4% of survey participants of various nationalities expressing the willingness to use such a method. CONCLUSION: While MFC appears to be well accepted overall, the willingness to use this type of contraception varies widely between differing population groups. The specific characteristics and profile of any MFC product will have to be carefully evaluated to accurately assess its acceptance, both by men and their female partners.     

Comparison of dietary intakes in four selected European populations

Summary The composition of diet and food intakes in four selected European populations were compared. Dietary data (from the World Health Organization Project on Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) were measured by record methods and were available for middle-aged men in Finland (n = 653), France (n =1128), Northern Ireland (n = 356), and southern Germany (Augsburg region; n = 899). Nutritional variables — which are independent of the absolute energy intake, such as the percentage supply of energy from macronutrients and the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids — were on the whole similar. However, striking differences were found in food intake and in the percentage supply of fat from different foods. The results indicate that detailed knowledge of consumption figures is necessary to develop prudent and acceptable nutrition intervention programs.Abbreviations CHD coronary heart disease - MONICA monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease - MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids - P/S ratio ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids - PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids - SFA saturated fatty acids     

CR-lipped bearing is an adequate functional solution to patients with perioperative excessive laxity in cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty

BackgroundThe cruciate retaining lipped (CR-lipped) bearing is designed to provide more anterior-posterior (AP) stability and could be employed to resolve excessive intraoperative laxity during the cruciate retaining TKA (CR-TKA). The aim of the study was to determine whether the CR-lipped bearing in CR-TKAs with a perioperative excessive laxity allows equivalent functional results as compared to the standard CR articulation.MethodsA cohort of 111 TKAs with CR-lipped bearings was matched to a cohort of conventional CR bearings regarding age and sex. The CR-lipped bearing was used in patients with excessive knee AP laxity and the regular CR bearing was used in patients without excessive AP laxity during TKA. Various PROMs (WOMAC, KSS, SF-36) were assessed preoperatively and at 5-years postoperative in combination with revision rate and Range of Motion (ROM).ResultsPROMs did not differ significantly between both groups 5-years postoperatively. Mean ROM (flexion) 5-years postoperatively was not significantly different. The implant survivorship was 100% for both cohorts with revision for any reason as end point.ConclusionBased on these results, the CR-lipped bearing is a safe and effective solution for mild interoperatively assessed PCL laxity during CR-TKA without loss of function or decreased survivorship at 5 years. Peroperative conversion to a PS-TKA in order to obtain satisfactory functional scores might therefore not be necessary when mild PCL laxity is observed during surgery. Further research should focus on verifying this approach and longer follow-up is needed to generate data on long term survivorship.Level of evidenceLevel IV therapeutic, retrospective, cohort study.