急性脑血管病病人应激状态的临床特点及护理

[目的 ]分析急性脑血管病(ACVD)应激状态的临床特点 ,探讨防治策略及护理对策。 [方法 ]回顾分析 3 62例ACVD病人的临床资料。[结果 ]ACVD病人应激反应的发生率为 47.5 1% ,病死率为 11.88%。 [结论 ]早期明确诊断与治疗 ,并采取措施积极调控机体应激状态 ,加强护理 ,有助于控制病情和促进康复 ,降低病死率。     

某铜矿山巷道内气溶胶浓度与粒径分布的测量和分析

目的 定性了解矿山巷道内气溶胶的浓度和粒径分布特性。方法 在巷道内的不同区间,分别用凝结核颗粒计数器和个人气溶胶测量仪巡测气溶胶的粒子数和质量浓度,并通过质量浓度的分级测量定性评价微米级气溶胶的粒径分布;在调度室内外,用金属丝网筛扩散法测量亚微米级气溶胶的粒径分布。结果 巷道内可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的平均质量浓度为0.42 mg/m³,其量值大小因工作断面而异,且受人工活动影响变化较大;巷道内粒径大于1.0 μm的颗粒物广泛存在,而粒子直径小于5 nm的气溶胶基本上未被检出。结论 矿山巷道内气溶胶特性因工作断面、人工活动和通风条件的不同而变化明显,在开展内照射剂量评价时应考虑粒径大于1.0 μm放射性气溶胶粒子的剂量贡献。     

Testing for familial aggregation of functional traits

In a genetic epidemiology study of a trait, prior to collecting genotype data the foremost task is to test for familial aggregation and examine heritability. Recently, functional traits have drawn attentions from investigators. Here, to test for familial aggregation of a functional trait in the family studies, a test constructed based on the leading functional principal component of heritability, which is a summary measure of temporal genetic variation in a functional trait, is proposed. The p‐value of the test can be approximated by a permutation procedure given the family structure. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is derived. Simulations are carried out to examine the size and the power of the test. The proposed methods are applied to the total cholesterol data in the Framingham Heart Study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Which constructs can predict emotional exhaustion in a working population? A study into its determinants

The main objective of this study was to examine the psychosocial stress model developed by Taylor and Aspinwall with emotional exhaustion as the outcome variable. Respondents, 409 men and 346 women, who had a paid job for at least 20 hours per week, completed questionnaires concerning demographic variables, personality, temperament, work pressure, workload, perceived social support, appraisal, coping, and emotional exhaustion. Structural equation analyses provided only partial support for the validity of the model. First, on theoretical and statistical grounds, one more path linking external resources to social support was added. Second, contrary to expectations, coping styles did not predict emotional exhaustion. To conclude, when coping is measured retrospectively, it does not add to our understanding of emotional exhaustion. It is suggested that future studies should be longitudinal and include objective measures of stressors and psychosocial health outcomes in addition to self‐reports. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The shape of stress: the use of frequent sampling to measure temporal variation in S‐IgA levels during acute stress

Previous studies have indicated that statistically significant increases in Secretory immunoglobulin A (S‐IgA) can be achieved in as little as 5min as a result of mental stress. However, the temporal resolution of these changes is low and therefore the rate and pattern of changes during the stress task and during subsequent recovery is unclear. A within‐subjects design was used to examine levels of S‐IgA before, during and after a short (8 min) mental stress task. S‐IgA was measured from saliva samples obtained every 2 min during the entire 30‐min session. Significant increases in S‐IgA concentration were observed as early as the task instruction period, with additional increases during the stress task itself. The data also show a rapid recovery of S‐IgA, with a return to baseline levels within 6 min. Results suggest that S‐IgA changes can occur very rapidly and that the observed increases are short‐lived. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of Chewing and Clenching on Salivary Cortisol Levels as an Indicator of Stress

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chewing and clenching on salivary cortisol levels as an indicator of stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen healthy dentulous subjects were given arithmetic exercises to perform within a 20-minute time limit in order to elicit stress (stress loading). In the first experiment (chewing), after stress loading, the subjects were asked to chew a paraffin wax while reading printed material (books, magazines, etc.) in silence for 10 minutes. The same procedure was then carried out again for control purposes, but this time the subjects were not required to chew wax. In the second experiment (light clenching), after stress loading, the subjects were required to carry out 5 seconds of light clenching followed by 5 seconds of rest repeatedly over a 3-minute period. The whole 3-minute process was repeated a total of three times. The control data for this second experiment consisted of measurements taken during the rest periods. Saliva specimens were collected in both experiments both before stress loading and after each procedure during 1-minute intervals to measure cortisol levels. RESULTS: In the chewing experiment, salivary cortisol levels were significantly reduced by chewing, compared with those in the controls (p < 0.05). This reduction in salivary cortisol was observed during chewing over a 10-minute period following stress loading. In the clenching experiment, salivary cortisol levels also showed a significant reduction during clenching, compared with those in the controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that chewing and clenching promote relaxation in subjects under stress.     

PULMONARY BLOOD DISTRIBUTION AFTER TOTAL CAVOPULMONARY CONNECTION OF DIFFERENT TYPES

Objective. To assess the feature of pulmonary blood flow distribution after total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) of different types, and to provide the selection of the best type .Methods. Thirty-two consecutive survival patients after TCPC underwent radionuclide lung perfusion imaging. According to the radionuclide counts in the left and right lungs, analyses of the distribution of blood flow from superior venous cava (SVC) and inferior venous cava (IVC) and the whole pulmonary blood flow in both lungs were made. All patients were divided into 4 groups by the the anastomosis between IVC and pulmonary artery.Results. Group Ⅰ: The flow ratio of the IVC to left lung was greater than that to the right lung , P≤0. 01; the flow ratio of the SVC to right lung was greater than that to the left lung, P≤0. 01; and the whole pulmonary blood flow went dominantly to the left lung, P≤0. 05, which is not in line with physiological distribution. Group Ⅱ: the flows from the SVC and IVC were mixed in the middle of     

宁波普通高中教师职业压力、社会支持与亚健康躯体症状的典型相关分析

目的 探讨宁波市普通高中的教师心理压力,社会支持与亚健康状态的相关关系.方法 采用职业压力问卷、社会支持量表与亚健康躯体症状自评量表对随机抽取的128名宁波市普通高中教师进行相关关系分析.结果 当存在社会支持变量时,2组变量的典型相关系数达0.563,0.471( P <0.01).职业压力的增大与社会支持水平的减少都将导致教师亚健康躯体症状的增多.当撤去社会支持变量后,典型相关系数为0.497( P <0.01).典型变量ξ中"考试压力","工作负荷"与"职业期望"的因子负载分别增大为0.801,0.855,0.726.典型变量η中的"疲劳感觉"与"睡眠障碍"的因子负载分别增大为0.774,0.859.结论 社会支持水平在职业压力与亚健康躯体症状之间可能具有中介调节作用.     

荧光分光光度法检测半乳糖化白蛋白磁性阿霉素纳米粒在大鼠体内分布的研究

目的观察由半乳糖化白蛋白磁性纳米粒运载的阿霉素经舌静脉给药后在大鼠体内的的分布状况.方法全部大鼠随机分为四组,经舌静脉,按分组分别注射相应药物,剂量均为阿霉素2.5 mg/kg体重.取全血、心、肺、肝、脾、肾.全血制成血浆,器官组织制成匀浆,盐酸乙醇法提取阿霉素,用荧光光度计测量.结果静脉注射同等剂量、不同剂型的阿霉素药物后,阿霉素在器官中的蓄积程度从高到低:肝:D靶肝＞D非靶肝、C＞B＞A;心脏、肾、血浆:A＞B＞D、C;脾:B＞A、C、D;肺:B＞A＞C、D.磁性阿霉素白蛋白纳米粒注入体内后,在心、肺、肝、脾、肾中的药物浓度在15～30min达峰值,而半乳糖化后,阿霉素的药物峰值提前到5 min或之前.外加磁场和未加磁场的半乳糖化白蛋白磁性阿霉素纳米粒组的药物靶向指数和药物选择指数是均高于磁性白蛋白纳米粒.结论磁性阿霉素白蛋白纳米粒经半乳糖化后,可显著增强阿霉素对肝脏的靶向性,并显著降低心、肺、脾、肾、血浆肝外器官的组织阿霉素浓度.利用外加磁场,可提高阿霉素在肝脏特定部位蓄积的能力.因此,静脉注射半乳糖化白蛋白磁性阿霉素纳米粒是可行的.     

September 11th related stress and trauma in New Yorkers

Exposure to trauma and stress has been linked with poor health, while forgiveness appears to be positively associated with health outcomes. The current study investigates whether traits such as forgiveness and ruminative tendencies predict levels of trauma and stress experienced by New York City residents on the 1‐year anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attack. Seventy‐one students and staff members (57 females, 14 males) of a graduate school in New York City were administered the Impact of Events Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and questionnaires designed for the purpose of this study to measure ruminative tendencies and forgiveness on September 11, 2002. Rumination predicted levels of trauma (p < 0.05) and perceived stress (p < 0.01). Lower levels of forgiveness predicted perceived stress (p < 0.05), but not trauma. Rumination mediated the relationship between forgiveness and perceived stress. These findings suggest that individuals with higher levels of rumination have an elevated risk of experiencing trauma and stress‐related symptoms following a traumatic event. Forgiveness is associated with lower levels of stress, but not trauma, perhaps because trauma is an extreme form of stress. Forgiveness appears to serve as a buffer against stress more so in individuals with low levels of rumination than in individuals with high levels of rumination. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.