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??Objective    To compare the orthodontic treatment outcomes of fully-customized lingual appliance and labial straight wire appliance using American Board of Orthodontics-Objective Grading System??ABO-OGS??. Methods    Twenty patients selected from Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital were divided into two groups of 10 patients each??who were managed with fully-customized lingual appliance and labial straight wire appliance??respectively. The treatment outcomes were measured with American Board of Orthodontics-Objective Grading System??ABO-OGS??. Independent T test was used to compare these two systems. Results    The results showed that the customized lingual appliances average score was 25.3??and the conventional labial straight wire appliances average score was 24.5. The difference was 0.8 points??showing that the outcome of the labial appliance was better than that of the lingual appliances??but there was no statistical significance. Conclusion    There is no statistical significance between the treatment outcomes of lingual and labial systems. Both of these two systems are able to achieve satisfactory outcomes.     

Advanced Biofuels from ABE (Acetone/Butanol/Ethanol) and Vegetable Oils (Castor or Sunflower Oil) for Using in Triple Blends with Diesel: Evaluation on a Diesel Engine

From a technical and economic point of view, our aim is to provide viable solutions for the replacement of fossil fuels which are currently used in internal combustion diesel engines. In this research, two new biofuels composed of second-generation vegetable oils (SVO),used oil sunflower (SO) or castor oil (CO), and the ABE blend (acetone/butanol/ethanol) were evaluated. ABE is an intermediate product from the fermentation of carbohydrates to obtain bio-butanol. Besides, the ABE blend exhibits suitable properties as biofuel, such asvery low kinematic viscosity, reasonable energy density, low autoignition temperature, and broad flammability limits. Diesel/ABE/SVO triple blends were prepared, characterized and then, tested on a diesel engine, evaluating power output, consumption, and exhaust emissions. The power output was slightly reduced due to the low heating values of ABE blend. Also, engine consumed more fuel with the triple blends than with diesel under low engine loads whereas, at medium and high loads, the fuel consumption was very similar to that of diesel. Regarding exhaust gas emissions, soot wasnotably reduced, and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and carbon monoxide (CO₂) emissions were lower or comparable to that of diesel, while the CO emissions increased. The use of these biofuels allows the replacement of high percentagesof diesel without compromising engine power and achievinga significant reduction in pollution emissions. Furthermore, a notable improvement in cold flow properties of the fuel blends is obtained, in comparison with diesel.     

传动直丝弓技术矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)13例临床分析

目的 观察传动直丝弓矫治技术矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错殆的临床效果,探讨其机制.方法 选择13例安氏Ⅱ类1分类患者,其中男性6例,女性7例,平均年龄13.6岁.通过拔除上、下颌共4颗双尖牙或2颗上颌第1双尖牙,采用传动直丝弓矫治技术进行矫治,对治疗前后X线头影测量结果进行统计学分析.结果 13例患者平均疗程为15.6个月,其中打开咬(牙合)平均用时4.2个月.治疗后均获良好的覆(牙合)、覆盖及中性磨牙(牙合)关系(仅1例拔除2颗上颌第1双尖牙成人病例,获得完全远中磨牙(牙合)关系),侧貌得到明显改善.相关的头影测量项目分析显示:治疗后除SNA、MP-SN角、U6-PP距、U1C-PP距外,SNB角、ANB角、U1-NA角、L1-NB角、U1-L1角、U1+NA距、L1-NB距、L6-MP距、LIC-MP距、覆(牙合)、覆盖变化较治疗前统计学差异显著(P<0.01).结论 传动直丝弓技术能快速、高效地矫正安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)畸形.     

强直性脊柱炎患者院外自我护理指导体会

强直性脊柱炎（AS）是一种常见的免疫遗传性疾病,是以骶髂关节和脊柱慢性炎症为主的周身性疾病,疾病晚期可发生脊柱强直,畸形以致严重功能受损.病程演变差异很大,自发缓解和加重交替出现,少数患者在早期出现严重残疾,髋关节受累,颈椎完全强直.随着医学免役学的发展,强直性脊柱炎的早期诊断已不再是难题,而患者对此疾病的认识和有效的自我护理对此疾病的控制有很大作用.     

上颌牙列及MBT直丝弓矫治器三维有限元模型的建立

目的建立上颌MBT直丝弓矫治器的三维有限元力学分析数学模型。方法利用多层螺旋CT扫描获得上颌牙列及上颌牙槽骨的原始数据,采用Matlab、CoreldrawI、mageware、UG、ANSYS软件相结合的方法,建立上颌牙列、牙周膜、牙槽骨、MBT直丝弓矫治器的三维实体和三维有限元模型。结果建立了上颌牙列及MBT直丝弓矫治器的三维实体和三维有限元模型。结论应用螺旋CT扫描结合多种软件建立了上颌牙列及MBT直丝弓矫治器的三维实体和三维有限元模型,方法便捷有效,模型仿真性好,为进一步分析MBT直丝弓矫治器的力学行为提供了一个良好的平台。     

Surgical implantation of CAPD catheters: presentation of midline incision-lateral placement method and a review of 110 procedures

One hundred-and-ten consecutive surgically implanted one-cuffstraight peritoneal dialysis catheters in 103 adult patientsover a 7 year period have been reviewed. All catheters wereplaced for chronic dialysis (CAPD). There were no early failures.Early complications consisted of one leak, 14 migrations, andtwo wound infections. In the long term 15 patients requiredtransfer to haemodialysis (5 recurrent peritonitis, 7 unableto cope, 3 inadequacy of dialysis). Overall probability of cathetersurvival was 92.4% at 1 year and 82.4% at 2 years. The surgicalimplantation technique described provides a safe, reliable accessfor peritoneal dialysis with a low complication rate.     

Free Communications

Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) is a well-established surgical procedure for treating female urinary stress incontinence. The operation, described by Ulmsten et al. in 1995, is based on a midurethral Prolene tape support. TVT is accepted as an easy-to-learn and safe minimally invasive surgical technique. Bladder perforation with sling material was described as a complication of former surgical methods for correcting female urinary stress incontinence as well as of TVT. The aim of this analysis was to determine whether the use of a straight inserter for identifying and displacing the bladder prior to inserting TVT needles reduces the occurrence of bladder penetration. Out of 524 patients undergoing TVT and followed for up to 68 months, 68 (13%) had TVT bladder penetrations, all of which were diagnosed and corrected during surgery. All but the last 50 patients had a straight inserter introduced during the procedure. The effect of this surgical step is estimated and discussed.     

The sacrotuberous ligament: a conceptual approach to its dynamic role in stabilizing the sacroiliac joint

Based on studies of embalmed specimens, the sacrotuberous ligaments are considered to be important structures in the kinematic chain between the pelvis and vertebral column. Muscles attached to these ligaments, such as the gluteus maximus, and in some individuals the piriformis and long head of the biceps femoris, may influence movement in the sacroiliac joints.     

The use of color-head straight pins for prominent ear correction

In a modification of Mustardé's method for the correction of prominent ears, the use of color-head straight pins as a marking technique is helpful, as it simplifies the operative procedure, enabling one to place the minimum number of permanent sutures in the best positions.     

安氏Ⅲ类错畸形非拔牙矫正前后头影测量分析研究

目的观察上颌前牙反患者治疗前后的软硬组织变化特点。方法对18例上颌前牙反患者用正畸固定直丝弓矫治技术进行矫正,分析比较矫治前后的软硬组织X线头影测量值。结果 18例上颌前牙反患者经矫治后上唇明显前移,颏点后移、凹面型明显改善,下唇位置与颏突轻度后移。结论正畸治疗可改善反患者的面形。