3种粘接材料与氧化锆陶瓷粘接抗剪切强度的比较

目的研究3种粘接材料与氧化锆陶瓷材料的初期及耐久粘接抗剪切强度。方法将预烧结氧化锆陶瓷片试件喷砂后分为3组,每组20个,分别采用玻璃离子水门汀(GIC组)、Panavia F 2.0树脂粘接剂(PF组)、Clearfil SA Luting树脂粘接剂(SAC组)与核树脂块粘接,每组随机选取10个试件进行冷热循环实验(10 000次,5～55℃),用计算机控制万能材料试验机测定其粘接抗剪切强度。结果未经冷热循环处理的GIC组、PF组、SAC组试件的粘接抗剪切强度值分别为(21.98±1.78)MPa、(30.26±1.73)MPa、(28.63±2.02)MPa,GIC组试件的粘接抗剪切强度低于其他两组(P<0.01),PF组与SAC组的试件相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而冷热循环后,GIC组、PF组、SAC组试件的粘接抗剪切强度值分别为(10.72±2.03)MPa、(28.50±1.54)MPa、(27.02±1.79)MPa,GIC组试件经冷热循环后,其粘接抗剪切强度值明显下降(P<0.05),而其他两组试件经冷热循环后其粘接抗剪切强度值无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论使用玻璃离子可获得较好的初期粘接抗剪切强度,但耐久粘接强度欠佳;含磷酸酯单体的树脂粘接剂可使氧化锆陶瓷获得良好的初期粘接抗剪切强度及耐久粘接抗剪切强度;自粘接型树脂粘接剂操作简便,粘接抗剪切强度与自酸蚀型树脂粘接剂相当,且粘接效果持久。     

The Effect of Recasting on Bond Strength between Porcelain and Base‐Metal Alloys

Purpose: Long‐term success of metal ceramic restorations depends on metal ceramic bond strength. The purpose of this study was to determine whether recasting of base‐metal alloys has any effect on metal ceramic bond strength. Materials and Methods: Super Cast and Verabond base‐metal alloys were used to cast 260 wax patterns. The alloy specimens were equally divided into five groups and cast as: group A 0.0%, B 25%, C 50%, D 75%, and E 100% once‐cast alloy. Each group was divided into two subgroups: the first group was cast with Super Cast and the second with Verabond. In each subgroup half of the cast alloys were veneered with Vita VMK 68 and the others with Ceramco 3. Results: Recasting decreased bond strength (p < 0.006) when used for 50% once‐cast alloy. Group E with 100% new Super Cast alloy veneered with Vita VMK 68 porcelain had the highest bond strength (30.75 ± 9.58 MPa), and group B including 25% new and 75% recast Super Cast alloy veneered with the same porcelain had the lowest bond strength (21.72 ± 5.19 MPa). Conclusions: By adding over 50% once‐cast alloy in base‐metal alloys, metal‐ceramic bond strength decreases significantly.     

自酸蚀树脂水门汀ResiCem牙本质粘结强度的评价

目的 评价自酸蚀树脂水门汀ResiCem的牙本质粘结强度并探讨酸蚀对其粘结强度的影响。方法 选择离体无龋第三恒磨牙15颗。沿垂直于牙体长轴方向将磨牙冠中1/3处切开,将牙本质面分别用自酸蚀树脂水门汀Panavia F和Resi-Cem原位对位粘结。其中ResiCem组牙本质面分别用磷酸酸蚀0、5、10、15 s。用低速切片机把样本切割成约1 mm×1 mm×8mm条块后进行微拉伸测试,并通过扫描电镜观察粘结界面。结果 ResiCem的牙本质微拉伸粘结强度[(16.9±5.3)MPa]与Panavia F[(17.0±5.2)MPa]间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。磷酸酸蚀显著地降低ResiCem与牙本质间的粘结强度(P<0.05),并随着酸蚀时间的延长而降低。结论 ResiCem的牙本质微拉伸粘结强度与Panavia F相当,但酸蚀会降低ResiCem的牙本质粘结强度。     

脱敏剂处理后牙本质粘结界面形态及粘结强度研究

目的 探讨3种脱敏剂对牙本质粘结剂粘结强度和微观形态的影响。方法 12颗完整无龋的人第三磨牙,去除咬合面釉质,随机分为4组(n=3):A组(空白)、B组(Oravive)、C组(GC护牙素)、D组(氟化钠甘油)。A组不做处理,B、C、D组分别使用相应脱敏剂在牙本质表面处理,全部样本Prime&Bond NT树脂粘结剂粘结,复合树脂修复厚约4~5 mm,慢速切割机制成1.0 mm×1.0 mm×8.0 mm长方体试样,微拉伸测试仪测试粘结强度并进行统计学分析。体视显微镜下观察断裂模式,每组随机选取3个断裂前样本扫描电镜观察。结果 粘结强度A组最高[(24.45±4.57)Mpa],与其它三组有统计学差异(P0.05);断裂模式多为粘结剂断裂的混合破坏,各组断裂模式间无统计学差异(P>0.05);扫描电镜观察A组混合层薄而致密,树脂突长而粗,其余三组混合层不均一,树脂突短而细。结论 3种脱敏剂可显著降低牙本质全酸蚀粘结剂的粘结强度。     

A Study on Effect of Surface Treatments on the Shear Bond Strength between Composite Resin and Acrylic Resin Denture Teeth

Visible light-cured composite resins have become popular in prosthetic dentistry for the replacement of fractured/debonded denture teeth, making composite denture teeth on partial denture metal frameworks, esthetic modification of denture teeth to harmonize with the characteristics of adjacent natural teeth, remodelling of worn occlusal surfaces of posterior denture teeth etc. However, the researches published on the bond strength between VLC composite resins and acrylic resin denture teeth is very limited. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of five different methods of surface treatments on acrylic resin teeth on the shear bond strength between light activated composite resin and acrylic resin denture teeth. Ninety cylindrical sticks of acrylic resin with denture teeth mounted atop were prepared. Various treatments were done upon the acrylic resin teeth surfaces. The samples were divided into six groups, containing 15 samples each. Over all the treated and untreated surfaces of all groups, light-cured composite resin was applied. The shear strengths were measured in a Universal Testing Machine using a knife-edge shear test. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mean values were compared by the F test. Application of bonding agent with prior treatment of methyl methacrylate on the acrylic resin denture teeth resulted in maximum bond strength with composite resin.     

Adhesive performance of a caries infiltrant on sound and demineralised enamel

Objective

Resin infiltration is considered as a treatment option for initial caries lesions. As cavitated early lesions might require additional restorative intervention, a caries infiltrant might be also used for enamel conditioning prior to composite insertion. This study aimed to analyse the shear bond strength of a flowable composite to sound and demineralised enamel pretreated with a caries infiltrant, a conventional adhesive or a combination of both.

Methods

Flattened bovine enamel specimens (n = 120) were either demineralised (14 d, acidic buffer, pH 5) or remained untreated. Sound and demineralised specimens (each n = 20) were then treated with: (1) 35% phosphoric acid, conventional adhesive, (2) 15% hydrochloric acid, caries infiltrant or (3) 15% hydrochloric acid, caries infiltrant, conventional adhesive. Shear bond strength of a flowable composite was tested after 24 h water storage (37 °C) and statistically analysed (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05). The mode of failure was assessed microscopically at 25× magnification.

Results

On demineralised enamel, the combination of caries infiltrant and conventional adhesive showed significantly higher shear bond strength values than the conventional adhesive alone, while both being not significantly different from group 2. No significant differences between the groups could be detected on sound specimens. A higher percentage of cohesive failures could be observed in demineralised samples of group 2 (40%) and 3 (65%), while all other specimens presented almost only adhesive failures.

Conclusion

The use of a caries infiltrant before application of a conventional adhesive did not impair bonding to sound and demineralised enamel and might be beneficial as a pretreatment in demineralised enamel.     

三种酸蚀剂联合偶联剂对Cerinate瓷与树脂粘结强度的影响

目的：评价三种陶瓷酸蚀剂联合偶联剂对Cerinate瓷与树脂粘结强度的影响。方法：将252个Cerinate瓷试件分为3组,每组84个试件,分别用自制A配方（含2.5%氢氟酸）﹑B配方（含6%氢氟酸）、C配方（含10%氢氟酸）陶瓷酸蚀剂处理0 s﹑30 s﹑60 s﹑90 s、120 s、150 s、180 s后,一半使用偶联剂,另一半不使用偶联剂,与树脂粘结后测试其粘结强度。结果：无偶联剂组酸蚀30 s后C配方的剪切强度为27.46 MPa,偶联剂组在酸蚀30 s后C配方剪切强度可达31.08 MPa,酸蚀时间对粘结强度无明显影响。结论：C配方配合偶联剂较短酸蚀时间内可获得较理想的粘结强度。     

Is there one optimal repair technique for all composites?

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a variety of techniques to bond new composite to artificially aged composite of different compositions.

Methods

Composite resin blocks were made of five different commercially available composites (n = 30) (Clearfil AP-X, Clearfil PhotoPosterior, Photo Clearfil Bright, Filtek Supreme XT and HelioMolar). After aging the composite blocks (thermo-cycling 5000×), blocks were subjected to one of 9 repair procedures: no treatment (control), diamond bur, sandblasting alumina particles, CoJet™, phosphoric acid, 3% hydrofluoric acid 20 s or 120 s, 9.6% hydrofluoric acid 20 s or 120 s. In addition, the cohesive strength of the tested composites was measured. Two-phase sandwiches (‘repaired composite’) were prepared using each of the 9 repair protocols, successively followed by silane and adhesive (OptiBond FL) treatment, prior to the application of the same composite. Specimens were subjected to micro-tensile bond strength testing. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's HSD (p < 0.05).

Results

For all composites the lowest bond strength was obtained when no specific repair protocol (control) was applied; the highest for the cohesive strength. Compared to the control for the microhybrid composite (Clearfil AP-X) five repair techniques resulted in a significantly higher repair strength (p < 0.05), whereas for the nano-hybrid composite (Filtek Supreme XT) and hybrid composite containing quartz (Clearfil PhotoPosterior) only one repair technique significantly increased the bond strength (p < 0.01).

Significance

None of the surface treatments can be recommended as a universally applicable repair technique for the different sorts of composites. To optimally repair composites, knowledge of the composition is helpful.     

Do blood contamination and haemostatic agents affect microtensile bond strength of dual cured resin cement to dentin?

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood contamination and haemostatic agents such as Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) on the microtensile bond strength between dual cured resin cement-dentin interface.

Material and Methods:

Twelve pressed lithium disilicate glass ceramics were luted to flat occlusal dentin surfaces with Panavia F under the following conditions: Control Group: no contamination, Group Blood: blood contamination, Group ABS: ABS contamination Group H₂O₂: H₂O₂ contamination. The specimens were sectioned to the beams and microtensile testing was carried out. Failure modes were classified under stereomicroscope. Two specimens were randomly selected from each group, and SEM analyses were performed.

Results:

There were significant differences in microtensile bond strengths (µTBS) between the control and blood-contaminated groups (p<0.05), whereas there were no significant differences found between the control and the other groups (p>0.05).

Conclusions:

Contamination by blood of dentin surface prior to bonding reduced the bond strength between resin cement and the dentin. Ankaferd Blood Stoper and H₂O₂ could be used safely as blood stopping agents during cementation of all-ceramics to dentin to prevent bond failure due to blood contamination.     

过氧化脲漂白剂对釉质粘结强度的影响

目的：评价不同载体、不同浓度过氧化脲（Car bami de Per oxi de,CP）漂白剂对粘结釉质强度的影响。方法：60颗离体磨牙随机分为7组。1～6组颊舌面分别用以卡波姆（Carbopol）、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）、泊洛沙姆（Pol oxamer）为增稠载体的含100g/L CP、200g/L CP的漂白剂在37℃、100%湿度条件下每天漂白8h,其中部分样本再浸入10%的抗坏血酸钠凝胶中3h,持续2周后即刻粘结树脂或延迟2周粘结。7组为对照组。准备界面为1mm×1mm的条形试件。通过微拉伸法测试釉质粘结强度,对不同类型的断面进行扫描电镜（scanni ng el ect i on mi croscope,SEM）观察。利用Spss11.0软件通过双因素方差分析（Two-way anal ysi s of var i ance）和SNK-q检验对其微拉伸粘结强度（iM cr ot ensi l e bond st r engt h,MTBS）进行统计分析。结果：各实验组2周漂白后即刻粘结,釉质粘结强度明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）;10%CP漂白同时抗氧化治疗或延迟粘结,釉质的粘结强度和对照组没有明显差异（P〉0.05）;20%CP漂白同时抗氧化治疗或延迟粘结,可明显提高釉质的粘结强度（P〈0.05）,但和对照组仍有显著差异（P〈0.05）。同种载体下,经10%CP漂白后的釉质粘结强度高于20%CP漂白组（P〈0.05）。同种浓度下,不同增稠载体组间的粘结强度没有显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：漂白后即刻粘结,釉质的粘结强度随CP浓度的增高而下降;延迟2周粘结或抗氧化治疗可从一定程度上提高釉质的粘结强度,缩短漂白后粘结的时间;增稠载体对釉质的粘结强度没有显著影响。