Effects of metal surface grinding at the porcelain try-in stage of fixed dental prostheses

PURPOSE

This study was to evaluate the effect of grinding of the inner metal surface during the porcelain try-in stage on metal-porcelain bonding considering the maximum temperature and the vibration of samples.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Ninety-one square prism-shaped (1 × 1 × 1.5 mm) nickel-chrome cast frameworks 0.3 mm thick were prepared. Porcelain was applied on two opposite outer axial surfaces of the frameworks. The grinding was performed from the opposite axial sides of the inner metal surfaces with a low-speed handpiece with two types of burs (diamond, tungsten-carbide) under three grinding forces (3.5 N, 7 N, 14 N) and at two durations (5 seconds, 10 seconds). The shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed with universal testing machine. Statistical analyzes were performed at 5% significance level.

RESULTS

The samples subjected to grinding under 3.5 N showed higher SBS values than those exposed to grinding under 7 N and 14 N (P<.05). SBS values of none of the groups differed from those of the control group (P>.05). The types of bur (P=.965) and the duration (P=.679) did not affect the SBS values. On the other hand, type of bur, force applied, and duration of the grinding affected the maximum temperatures of the samples, whereas the maximum vibration was affected only by the type of bur (P<.05).

CONCLUSION

Grinding the inner metal surface did not affect the metal-porcelain bond strength. Although the grinding affected the maximum temperature and the vibration values of the samples, these did not influence the bonding strength.     

表面处理对双固化黏结剂Panavia F黏接强度的影响

目的评价表面处理对双固化黏结剂Panavia F与不同界面黏接强度的影响。方法测定Panavia F与牙本质使用和不使用牙本质处理剂ED primer时的剪切强度,以及Panavia F与钴铬合金、镍铬合金、纯钛、银金钯合金使用和不使用金属表面处理剂Alloy primer时的剪切强度,数据作统计学检验,分析其黏接机制。结果使用ED primer处理后,Panavia F与牙本质的剪切强度从9.1MPa提高到17.6MPa;使用Alloy primer处理后,Panavia F与纯钛的剪切强度从29.0MPa提高到35.9MPa,而与处理后的银金钯合金的剪切强度从21.6MPa提高到30.2MPa。结论Panavia F通过采用ED primer对牙本质的表面处理显著提高对牙本质的黏结强度;Alloy primer可以显著提高纯钛和贵金属与黏结剂的黏结强度,而对钴铬合金和镍铬合金则不明显。     

试件形状和光滑度对纵折牙牙本质黏接微拉伸强度的影响

目的评价试件形状和牙本质黏接面磨光对纵折牙牙本质黏接微拉伸强度的影响。方法选择新鲜拔除的人完整磨牙及前磨牙15颗,用慢速切割机先去除牙齿咬合面的釉质,再沿牙齿近远中向或颊舌向纵切牙体至釉牙骨质界下,作为纵折裂缝,随机分为3组。A组折裂面用Super-Bond C&B树脂水门汀黏接后,制成哑铃形试件;B组黏接后,制成棒状试件;C组的折裂面用800目碳化硅耐水砂纸湿磨光1min后,再黏接,制成棒状试件。分别测试三组的微拉伸强度。结果A、B、C 3组的微拉伸强度分别为(7．75±2．67)MPa、(21．19±4．90)MPa、(27．56±7．60)MPa。棒状试件组(B组)的微拉伸强度高于哑铃形试件组(A组)(P=-0．0000);磨光组(C组)的微拉伸强度高于非磨光组(B组)(P=0．0088)。结论试件形状和对牙本质黏接面磨光与否对纵折牙的牙本质黏接微拉伸强度有影响。     

Delta Variant with P681R Critical Mutation Revealed by Ultra-Large Atomic-Scale Ab Initio Simulation: Implications for the Fundamentals of Biomolecular Interactions

The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant is emerging as a globally dominant strain. Its rapid spread and high infection rate are attributed to a mutation in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 allowing for the virus to invade human cells much faster and with an increased efficiency. In particular, an especially dangerous mutation P681R close to the furin cleavage site has been identified as responsible for increasing the infection rate. Together with the earlier reported mutation D614G in the same domain, it offers an excellent instance to investigate the nature of mutations and how they affect the interatomic interactions in the spike protein. Here, using ultra large-scale ab initio computational modeling, we study the P681R and D614G mutations in the SD2-FP domain, including the effect of double mutation, and compare the results with the wild type. We have recently developed a method of calculating the amino-acid–amino-acid bond pairs (AABP) to quantitatively characterize the details of the interatomic interactions, enabling us to explain the nature of mutation at the atomic resolution. Our most significant finding is that the mutations reduce the AABP value, implying a reduced bonding cohesion between interacting residues and increasing the flexibility of these amino acids to cause the damage. The possibility of using this unique mutation quantifiers in a machine learning protocol could lead to the prediction of emerging mutations.     

氧化还原敏感型靶向纳米给药系统的研究进展

理想的肿瘤靶向给药系统应在肿瘤部位高度累积且快速释放药物,而在血液循环中无泄漏,利用肿瘤环境改变的氧化还原状态及细胞内外的谷胱甘肽差异,结合纳米给药系统,可实现精准肿瘤靶向.本文对氧化还原敏感型靶向纳米给药系统的原理、氧化还原敏感键及其构建方法进行了介绍,并对基于脂质体、纳米粒、纳米胶束、纳米凝胶4种载体的不同氧化还原...     

Probing the Reaction Mechanisms of 3,5-Difluoro-2,4,6-Trinitroanisole (DFTNAN) through a Comparative Study with Trinitroanisole (TNAN)

To probe the thermal decomposition mechanisms of a novel fluorinated low-melting-point explosive 3,5-difluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (DFTNAN), a comparative study with trinitroanisole (TNAN) was performed under different heating conditions. The thermal decomposition processes and initial reactions were monitored by DSC-TG-FTIR-MS and T-jump-PyGC-MS coupling analyses, respectively. The results show that fluorine decreased the thermal stability of the molecular structure, and the trigger bond was transferred from the ortho-nitro group of the ether to the para-nitro group. The possible reaction pathway of DFTNAN after the initial bond breakage is the rupture of the dissociative nitro group with massive heat release, which induces the ring opening of benzene. Major side reactions include the generation of polycyclic compounds and fluorine atom migration. Fluorine affects the thermal stability and changes the reaction pathway, and fluorinated products appear in the form of fluorocarbons due to the high stability of the C-F bond.     

Variability in the Spatial Structure of the Central Loop in Cobra Cytotoxins Revealed by X-ray Analysis and Molecular Modeling

Cobra cytotoxins (CTs) belong to the three-fingered protein family and possess membrane activity. Here, we studied cytotoxin 13 from Naja naja cobra venom (CT13Nn). For the first time, a spatial model of CT13Nn with both “water” and “membrane” conformations of the central loop (loop-2) were determined by X-ray crystallography. The “water” conformation of the loop was frequently observed. It was similar to the structure of loop-2 of numerous CTs, determined by either NMR spectroscopy in aqueous solution, or the X-ray method. The “membrane” conformation is rare one and, to date has only been observed by NMR for a single cytotoxin 1 from N. oxiana (CT1No) in detergent micelle. Both CT13Nn and CT1No are S-type CTs. Membrane-binding of these CTs probably involves an additional step—the conformational transformation of the loop-2. To confirm this suggestion, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations of both CT1No and CT13Nn in the Highly Mimetic Membrane Model of palmitoiloleoylphosphatidylglycerol, starting with their “water” NMR models. We found that the both toxins transform their “water” conformation of loop-2 into the “membrane” one during the insertion process. This supports the hypothesis that the S-type CTs, unlike their P-type counterparts, require conformational adaptation of loop-2 during interaction with lipid membranes.     

Fundamental Investigations of Bond Behaviour of High-Strength Micro Steel Fibres in Ultra-High Performance Concrete under Cyclic Tensile Loading

The objective of the contribution is to understand the fatigue bond behaviour of brass-coated high-strength micro steel fibres embedded in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). The study contains experimental pullout tests with variating parameters like load amplitude, fibre orientation, and fibre-embedded length. The test results show that fibres are generally pulled out of the concrete under monotonic loading and rupture partly under cyclic tensile loading. The maximum tensile stress per fibre is approximately 1176 N/mm², which is approximately one third of the fibre tensile strength (3576 N/mm²). The load-displacement curves under monotonic loading were transformed into a bond stress-slip relationship, which includes the effect of fibre orientation. The highest bond stress occurs for an orientation of 30° by approximately 10 N/mm². Under cyclic loading, no rupture occurs for fibres with an orientation of 90° within 100,000 load changes. Established S/N-curves of 30°- and 45°-inclined fibres do not show fatigue resistance of more than 1,000,000 load cycles for each tested load amplitude. For the simulation of fibre pullout tests with three-dimensional FEM, a model was developed that describes the local debonding between micro steel fibre and the UHPC-matrix and captures the elastic and inelastic stress-deformation behaviour of the interface using plasticity theory and a damage formulation. The model for the bond zone includes transverse pressure-independent composite mechanisms, such as adhesion and micro-interlocking and transverse pressure-induced static and sliding friction. This allows one to represent the interaction of the coupled structures with the bond zone. The progressive cracking in the contact zone and associated effects on the fibre load-bearing capacity are the decisive factors concerning the failure of the bond zone. With the developed model, it is possible to make detailed statements regarding the stress-deformation state along the fibre length. The fatigue process of the fibre-matrix bond with respect to cyclic loading is presented and analysed in the paper.     

Effect of Enamel Pretreatment with Pastes Presenting Different Relative Dentin Abrasivity (RDA) Values on Orthodontic Bracket Bonding Efficacy of Microfilled Composite Resin: In Vitro Investigation and Randomized Clinical Trial

Bonding failure is a clinical issue frequently encountered in orthodontic practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate enamel pretreatment both in vitro and clinically using agents with different RDA values before brackets’ bonding, to assess if RDA can affect the Shear Bond Strength (SBS), Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) and clinical failure rate of orthodontic brackets. For the in vitro study, 220 bovine teeth were pretreated with agents with different RDA values. Subsequently, brackets were bonded. For the clinical study, 20 patients underwent bonding of 20 brackets each with a split-mouth design. Low and high RDA toothpastes were used for enamel pretreatment. SBS, ARI and failures were recorded. Higher SBS values were found for teeth pretreated with lower RDA agents; conversely, lower SBS values were found for teeth pretreated with higher RDA agents (p < 0.05). For high ARI values, RDA increased too (p > 0.05). In the clinical study, a significantly lower failure rate was reported for teeth pretreated with low RDA toothpaste (2.5% in low RDA group, 7.0% in high RDA group; p < 0.05). No significant differences were assessed comparing the two dental arches and anterior and posterior sites. Enamel pretreatment with low RDA toothpastes could increase brackets’ survival rate. Further in vitro and clinical studies would be welcomed to confirm these findings.