欧美网上药店管制比较与借鉴

目的:为完善和规范我国的网上药店管制提供借鉴。方法:研究美国及欧洲各国网上药店管制特点,了解其管制模式、管制范围、管制手段,比较分析我国现存的问题。结果与结论:我国网上药店管制应解决政府管制与行业自律、国内管制与国际合作、药房管制与消费者教育等方面的问题。     

The interaction between endogenous opioid peptides and GABA in lower brain stem

Summary The interaction between endogenous opioid peptides and GABA in lower brain stem in cardiovascular regulation was investigated. The results of our experiments suggested that endogenous opioid peptides and GABA in lower brain stem can reinforce each other in their inhibitory effect on blood pressure, but the mechanism of the interaction remains to be elucidated.     

The effect of norepinephrine on endotoxin-mediated macrophage activation

The effect of norepinephrine (NE) on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by rat spleen macrophages was determined. Following activation with lipopolysaccharide, analysis of both secreted and cell-associated samples showed that TNF activity was significantly suppressed in the presence of 10 microM NE. With the addition of the beta-receptor antagonist propranolol a partial reversal of the suppressive effect of NE was noted whereas the addition of the mixed alpha-receptor antagonist phentolamine induced a more pronounced suppressive effect in the supernatant fraction. Similar results were obtained with epinephrine and isoproterenol. Control experiments confirmed that this effect of NE was mediated at the level of macrophage activation. Analysis of lymphocyte activating factors demonstrated a similar pattern of response. Since factors released by macrophages participate in many aspects of the immune response, these results support a functional role for sympathetic innervation of the spleen in immune regulation.     

小鼠神经细胞p35^nck5a基因5‘非编码区基因表达调控功能初步研究

目的：观察阿尔茨海默病（AD）的相关基因p35^nck5a基因5‘侧翼区指导报告基因表达的能力。方法：将对本实验室所克隆的p35^nck5a基因5‘侧翼片段连接于报告基因β-半乳糖苷酶基因的上游构建表达载体，利用体外培养细胞和转基因小鼠实验体系来观察该片段在体内，外基因表达调控的差异。结果：体外培养细胞中p35^nck5a基因5‘侧翼序列不具有决定报告基因神经特异性表达的能力，但在基因组中整合有相同表达载体的转基因小鼠体内却能够指导报告基因的神经限制性表达。结论：这种差异提示进行体内，外研究是揭示基因的组织特异性表达分子机制的必要手段。     

A Multi-Part Model Approach to Examining Medicaid Payment Methods and Nursing Home Quality

The incentive to provide nursing home quality depends, in part, on whether the state Medicaid reimbursement system is prospective or retrospective in nature. This paper examines the effect of state-level Medicaid reimbursement methods on the provision of quality in the context of bed constraint regulations that may influence market tightness. A three-part estimation strategy is constructed around the idea that a change in the Medicaid reimbursement method may affect both a facility's payer mix and the provision of quality. Across a range of quality measures, this multi-part model did not show nursing home quality to be significantly higher under a retrospective reimbursement system as compared with a prospective-based system of reimbursement. This finding holds regardless of whether the analysis was isolated to those markets with the tightest supply of beds or those homes that care for predominantly Medicaid residents.     

益气养血补肾法合康力龙治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的临床研究

目的观察益气养血补肾法治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的临床疗效.方法用益气养血补肾法合康力龙治疗重型再生障碍性贫血33例,观察治疗后患者临床表现、血常规等指标的变化.结果治疗后证候学积分较疗前有显著性下降(P<0.01),在改善症状方面有效率为90.91%,临床疗效总有效率88.24%,患者的血色素从疗后第6个月开始较疗前升高(P<0.01),白细胞计数比疗前升高(P＜0.05),疗后网织红细胞计数较疗前有显著性升高(P<0.01).结论益气养血补肾法合康力龙对重型再生障碍性贫血患者有较好的临床疗效.     

Hyperprolactinemia stimulates food intake in the female rat

Lactation in the rat is marked by extreme hyperphagia. The present study examined the possibility that elevated prolactin levels contribute to this increase. It also evaluated the effects of hyperprolactinemia on brown adipose tissue and carcass composition. Virgin Osborne-Mendel rats were made hyperprolactinemic via ectopic pituitary transplants (PIT, n = 9) or were sham-operated (SHAM, n = 8). Eight lactating rats (LACT) served as additional controls. Food intake, body weight and rectal temperature were recorded daily. Eleven days postsurgery (or 11-12 days postpartum), the rats were sacrificed, and brown fat (scapular, axillary, cervical and thoracic) was excised, weighed, and assayed for GDP binding, one indicator of thermogenic capacity. Carcasses were subjected to body composition analysis. Although prior to surgery, PIT and SHAM rats weighed the same, PIT rats gained significantly more weight during the experiment than did SHAMs. Percent body fat and food intake (both total intake and intake relative to metabolic body size) were significantly elevated in the PIT rats. GDP binding in both PIT and LACT rats was significantly less than in SHAMs. This was true whether GDP binding was expressed per mg mitochondrial protein or per total amount of mitochondrial protein recovered. These data confirm that brown fat thermogenic capacity is suppressed during lactation. They also demonstrate that elevations of serum prolactin, to levels that are well within physiological limits, are capable of stimulating food intake and white fat deposition in the female rat. It is presently unclear whether these results are a direct or an indirect effect of hyperprolactinemia.     

Role of the median preoptic nucleus in the chronic hypotensive effect of losartan in sodium-replete normal rats

1. We have shown previously that the chronic hypotensive effect of the angiotensin II AT₁ receptor antagonist losartan is mediated, in part, by the subfornical organ (SFO). However, the neural pathway(s) mediating this central effect of losartan downstream from the SFO has not been completely elucidated.
2. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) is a crucial part of the neural pathway necessary for the chronic hypotensive effect of losartan. To test this hypothesis, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to either Sham or electrolytic lesion of the MnPO (MnPOx). Rats were instrumented with radiotelemetric transducers and aortic flow probes for the continuous measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate and cardiac output (CO), respectively. Total peripheral resistance (TPR) was calculated as MAP/CO. After 3 days of baseline measurements, rats were infused intraperitoneally with losartan (10 mg/kg per day) via an osmotic minipump at a rate of 5 μL/min.
3. The data revealed that, by Day 9 of losartan treatment, MAP had decreased 34 ± 2 mmHg in MnPOx rats ( n  = 9), whereas the MAP of Sham-lesioned rats ( n  = 8) had only decreased 24 ± 3 mmHg. These findings were accompanied by a greater decrease in TPR in MnPOx compared with Sham rats (−0.464 vs −0.237 mmHg/mL per min, respectively), whereas CO remained unchanged throughout the study protocol.
4. These results do not support the hypothesis that an intact MnPO is necessary to mediate the full chronic hypotensive effect of losartan in normal rats. Instead, they appear to suggest that the MnPO may play an important role in buffering the profound hypotension induced by losartan.