220例眼眶骨折患者复视的临床分析

目的研究眼眶骨折患者的视力和复视的临床特点。方法观察220例(245眼)患者视力、眼球运动、复视情况,通过眼眶CT观察骨折的部位、范围及眼外肌嵌顿情况。结果骨折侧矫正视力≥1.0的有157眼,<1.0的有88眼,其中<0.3的有23眼。单纯眶壁骨折和复合性骨折的骨折侧视力两者的差异有显著性(P<0.05);195例患者中,149例(76.4%)患者有复视,其中Ⅰ级复视27例,Ⅱ级复视39例外,Ⅲ级复视83例;192只骨折侧眼球(78.4%)存在眼球运动障碍,其中Ⅰ级运动障碍91眼,Ⅱ级运动障碍68眼,Ⅲ级运动障碍33眼;单纯眶壁骨折和复合性眼眶骨折的骨折侧视力差异有显著性(P<0.05),两者的复视和眼球运动障碍存在显著差异(P<0.05)。结论眼眶骨折造成视力下降、复视和运动障碍,复合性骨折的复视程度和运动障碍比单纯眶壁骨折严重。     

Apparent motion of monocular stimuli in different depth planes with lateral head movements

A stationary monocular stimulus appears to move concomitantly with lateral head movements when it is embedded in a stereogram representing two front-facing rectangular areas, one above the other at two different distances. In Experiment 1, we found that the extent of perceived motion of the monocular stimulus covaried with the amplitude of head movement and the disparity between the two rectangular areas (composed of random dots). In Experiment 2, we found that the extent of perceived motion of the monocular stimulus was reduced compared to that in Experiment 1 when the rectangular areas were defined only by an outline rather than by random dots. These results are discussed using the hypothesis that a monocular stimulus takes on features of the binocular surface area in which it is embedded and is perceived as though it were treated as a binocular stimulus with regards to its visual direction and visual depth.     

Difference in the Burst Patterns of Digastric and Mylohyoid Activities during Feeding in the Freely Behaving Rabbit

Burst patterns in the digastric, mylohyoid, and masseter muscles and the resultant jaw movement orbits during chewing and swallowing were investigated in the freely behaving rabbit. Activities in the posterior mylohyoid fibers consisted of two continuous bursts. Peaks in the first burst of the posterior fibers occurred in the middle part of opening and preceded the digastric burst. Peaks in the second burst occurred in the final part of opening and coincided with those in the working side of the digastric burst. After removal of the bilateral digastric muscles, the gape size during chewing was largely reduced in the final part of opening and in the early part of closing. The results suggest that (a) the digastric may have a role in opening the mandible widely beyond the rest position but may not have a major role in the control of the horizontal (mediolateral) jaw movement, (b) the posterior mylohyoid fibers may have a function as an elevator of the tongue in the early part of opening, and (c) the posterior mylohyoid fibers may have a function as a depressor of the jaw in the late part of opening. Electromyographic burst in the mylohyoid muscle began with marked activity in the mid-closing phase. The results support a role for the mylohyoid muscle as a leading muscle of swallowing. Swallowing events in the rabbit are easily distinguished from the activities of the mylohyoid muscle and the thyrohyoid muscle.     

Transient hypoglycorrhachia with paroxysmal abnormal eye movement in early infancy

Paroxysmal abnormal eye movement in early infancy is one of the initial symptoms of glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS). We describe four early infants with transient hypoglycorrhachia presenting with abnormal eye movements. Their symptoms disappeared after the introduction of a ketogenic diet (KD), and their development was normal. Since no variants in SLC2A1 were detected, the CSF-to-blood glucose ratios (C/B) were re-examined, and within normal range. None of the four patients displayed recurrent symptoms after withdrawal from the KD. Because long-term KD has potential adverse effects and could affect the quality of life of patients and their families, re-examination of CSF glucose during late infancy should be considered in the case of absence of the SLC2A1 pathogenic variant.     

Comparison of video-recorded laryngeal movements during swallowing by normal young men with piezoelectric sensor and electromyographic signals

The movement of the larynx in five young men during the swallowing of a liquid was examined by simultaneously recording a video-movie, the trajectory of a piezoelectric sensor, and the surface electromyogram of the suprahyoid muscles (SH). The movies revealed swallowing was associated with four characteristic spatial points of laryngeal movement: (1) a slight movement in the superoposterior direction (1.9 ± 1.2 s; mean ± SD of the time elapsed after the command to swallow was issued); (2) the initiation of anterosuperior elevation (2.3 ± 1.3 s); (3) the turn at the highest position (3.2 ± 1.2 s); and (4) the return to the initial position (4.1 ± 1.4 s). The piezoelectric sensor and the SH electromyogram also detected characteristic temporal points that closely corresponded to the characteristic temporal points captured by the video. The advantages of using movies in swallowing research are discussed.     

Clinical Implications of Landing Distance on Landing Error Scoring System Scores

ContextThe Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) screens for risk of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. The LESS requires individuals to jump forward from a 30-cm box to a distance of 50% of their body height. However, different landing distances have been cited in the scientific literature.ObjectiveTo examine whether landing distance influences LESS outcomes.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingLaboratory.Participants or Other ParticipantsSeventy young active individuals (34 males, 36 females).Intervention(s)Participants performed 3 × 30-cm jump-landing tasks under 2 landing conditions in randomized order: (1) 50% of body height (d_50%), (2) self-selected distance (d_ss).Main Outcome Measure(s)Mean LESS scores, proportions of individuals categorized at high (LESS: ≥ 5 errors) and low (LESS: < 5 errors) injury risk, and landing distances were compared between conditions using generalized estimating equations. Consistency of risk categorization was examined using odds ratios (ORs) and McNemar tests. McNemar and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare the occurrence of specific LESS errors.ResultsParticipants landed closer to the box under the d_ss condition (difference = −23.28 [95% CI = −20.73, −25.81]%, P < .001). Group mean LESS scores (difference = −0.01 [95% CI = −0.59, 0.57] error, P = .969) and risk categorization (OR = 0.94 [95% CI = 0.47, 1.88], P = .859) were similar between conditions. However, individual-level risk categorization was inconsistent in 33% of participants, as was the occurrence of specific errors.ConclusionsUsing d_ss during the LESS might lead to different LESS errors and risk categorizations at an individual level than using d_50%. Given that individual LESS scores are of primary interest in clinical and sport settings and the injury-risk threshold has not been validated for d_ss, we recommend use of the original LESS protocol. When only group mean LESS scores or proportions of at-risk individuals are of interest, using d_ss is feasible to facilitate the testing of large cohorts.     

Zebris下颌运动分析系统的应用与研究现状

下颌运动轨迹记录是一项重要的临床技术,它能够帮助医师了解下颌运动的过程及原理,诊断疾病及评估干预手段的疗效。Zebris下颌运动分析系统作为近年来逐渐推广应用的下颌运动轨迹记录系统,具有其特殊的优势。本文对Zebris下颌运动分析系统的工作原理及方式进行了介绍,并综述其应用。