Professional burnout and work engagement among dentists

A recent development within burnout research is the shift to its conceptual opposite: work engagement. This study aimed to unravel the concepts of burnout and work engagement, and to determine their levels among dentists. A representative sample of 497 Dutch general dental practitioners was included (survey response rate of 59%), consisting of 372 men and 121 women (the gender of 4 dentists remained unknown). The hypothesized three-factor structure of work engagement (vigor, dedication, and absorption), as measured by the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), was substantiated among dentists. It was also found that work engagement was related negatively to burnout, as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). However, a model consisting of a reduced ('core') burnout factor and an 'enhanced' engagement factor (composed of the three original factors plus the burnout factor, personal accomplishment) showed the best fit. Overall burnout levels among dentists are low, and the levels of engagement indicate that dentists have a positive working attitude.     

肘关节恐怖三联征中桡骨小头HotchkissⅢ型骨折的处理策略选择：内固定或置换?

目的 探讨保留桡骨小头内固定和桡骨小头假体置换治疗肘关节恐怖三联征中桡骨小头Hotchkiss Ⅲ型骨折的临床疗效,并为该类骨折的处理策略选择提供科学依据。方法 对在我院行手术治疗的23例伴桡骨小头HotchkissⅢ型骨折的恐怖三联征患者的临床资料行回顾性分析,对患者就桡骨小头的处理方式进行分组,其中10例行保留桡骨小头的切开复位内固定者为内固定组,13例行桡骨小头切除后行桡骨小头假体置换者为置换组。对所有患者行至少1年,结合手术相关指标、肘关节功能评分、成本-效益分析、患者满意度及生活质量等综合分析两种方案处理恐怖三联征中桡骨小头Hotchkiss Ⅲ型骨折的医疗、经济效益并作比较评价。结果 手术时间内固定组长于置换组（P<0.05）,切口长度、术后当天疼痛评分两组无统计学差异（P>0.05）,术后1年复查,患者Mayo肘关节功能评分示,置换组总分优于内固定组（P<0.05）,其中其肘关节疼痛、功能范围恢复均优于内固定组（P<0.05）,但两组稳定性、日常活动完成情况评分对比数据无统计学差异（P>0.05）,两组患者治疗质量-效益分析显示,内固定组治疗费用低于置换组（P<0.05）,治疗效益、患者满意度均高于置换组（P<0.05）,术后1年生活质量对比两组数据差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 两种方法均能有效治疗TTE中该类复杂骨折,从而恢复肘关节日常功能,改善生活质量。桡骨小头置换术创伤较小,功能改善较优,但内固定术治疗效益及患者满意度更高。     

小腿假肢对线对静态站立时下肢受力的影响

目的:研究小腿截肢患者站立状态下假肢对线对下肢受力特性的影响.方法:以假肢侧承重线和重力线作为评价指标,改变假肢矢状面和额状面的对线,采用激光测力平台测量患者静态站立时残侧承重线和重力线的位置,研究下肢受力状况的变化.结果:假肢侧承重线受踝关节对线的影响大于腿管对线调节的影响,并且力线随腿管与接受腔的前倾而前移,而额状面对线的影响很小;矢状面内重力线主要受踝关节对线调节的影响,并且与变化角近似正比例相关.结论:矢状面假肢对线调整对残侧下肢受力状况的影响较大,而额状面的对线调整影响较小.     

Revision Knee Arthroplasty for Bone Loss: Choosing the Right Degree of Constraint

Revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the setting of bone deficiency requires varied levels of constraint to restore knee stability. However, the outcomes between different levels remain controversial. Clinical outcomes for 183 AORI Type I knees, 168 Type II knees and 124 Type III knees utilizing posterior stabilized (PS), unlinked constrained (UC) or hinged prostheses were evaluated with standardized clinical assessment tools and radiographic results over an average of 7.4 years. PS yielded superior knee scores in AORI Type I patients (P < 0.05), UC in Type II and III aseptic patients (P < 0.05), and a hinge was preferred in septic Type II or III knees (P < 0.05). Revision TKA conducted with increased constraint appears effective in the setting of increased bone deficiency.     

Establishing a Role for Vancomycin Powder Application for Prosthetic Joint Infection Prevention—Results of a Wear Simulation Study

Topical vancomycin powder (VP) has shown efficacy and safety in decreasing post-operative spine infections. VP use in arthroplasty has not been established. Concerns remain for third-body wear with the addition of crystalline substrate at the implant interface. The study's purpose was to compare wear behavior of CoCr on UHMWPE to identical wear couples with VP. A six-station wear simulator was utilized and cyclic articulations were run for 10 million cycles (Mc). UHMWPE wear was measured using photography, stereomicroscopy, and gravimetric measurement. There were no differences in wear mark length (P = 0.43), width (P = 0.49), or gravimetric wear at 10 Mc (P = 0.98). VP and control groups lost 0.32 and 0.33 mg, respectively. VP may have a role in PJI prevention. A well-designed clinical study is needed.     

Dentin Phosphophoryn-Derived Peptide Promotes Odontoblast Differentiation In Vitro and Dentin Regeneration In Vivo

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a peptide (i.e., SESDNNSSSRGDASYNSDES) derived from dentin phosphophoryn (DPP) with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motifs on odontoblast differentiation in vitro and to compare it with calcium hydroxide—a material used conventionally for vital pulp therapy—in terms of reparative dentin formation and pulp inflammation in vivo. Alkaline phosphatase activity assay and alizarin red S staining were performed to evaluate odontoblast-differentiation in cell culturing experiments. To observe the reparative dentin formation and pulp inflammation animal experiment was performed and examined by histological methods. The difference between the experimental group and the control group was analyzed statistically using a one-way ANOVA test. The results revealed that the DPP-derived RGD-containing peptide triggered odontoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro. In rats undergoing direct pulp capping, the DPP-derived RGD-containing peptide was found to induce intensively formed reparative dentin with high compactness at week 4. On histological and morphometrical examinations, a smaller degree of pulpitis was observed in the specimens treated with the peptide than in those treated with calcium hydroxide. This study suggests that the DPP-derived RGD-containing peptide is a biocompatible, biodegradable and bioactive material for dentin regeneration.     

经腹腔途径腹膜前补片置入术和无张力疝修补术治疗嵌顿性腹股沟疝的对照分析

目的探讨经腹腔途径腹膜前补片置入术（TAPP）治疗嵌顿性腹股沟疝的安全性、有效性及优势。方法将124例成年嵌顿性腹股沟疝患者按随机配对法分为两组,观察组56例,采用腹腔镜下复位＋TAPP治疗;对照组68例,采用切开复位＋无张力疝修补术治疗。记录两组手术时间、住院时间、下床活动时间、住院费用、复发率及并发症情况,并进行统计学分析。结果观察组所有病例均在腹腔镜下完成手术,无中转开放手术。观察组手术时间、住院时间、下床活动时间均短于对照组[（37．52±7．78）min比（44．23±11．32）min、（4．53±O．89）d比（6．85±2．03）d、（9．30±2．65）h比（12．63±3．97）h],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组住院费用多于对照组[（9324±599）元比（7203±507）元],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。术后随访1年,观察组无复发,对照组有1例复发,两组复发率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论TAPP治疗嵌顿性腹股沟疝微创、恢复快,是安全有效的,住院费用略高,复发率与无张力疝修补术相当。