Exploring the Risk of Suicide in Real Time on Spanish Twitter: Observational Study

BackgroundSocial media is now a common context wherein people express their feelings in real time. These platforms are increasingly showing their potential to detect the mental health status of the population. Suicide prevention is a global health priority and efforts toward early detection are starting to develop, although there is a need for more robust research.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the emotional content of Twitter posts in Spanish and their relationships with severity of the risk of suicide at the time of writing the tweet.MethodsTweets containing a specific lexicon relating to suicide were filtered through Twitter''s public application programming interface. Expert psychologists were trained to independently evaluate these tweets. Each tweet was evaluated by 3 experts. Tweets were filtered by experts according to their relevance to the risk of suicide. In the tweets, the experts evaluated: (1) the severity of the general risk of suicide and the risk of suicide at the time of writing the tweet (2) the emotional valence and intensity of 5 basic emotions; (3) relevant personality traits; and (4) other relevant risk variables such as helplessness, desire to escape, perceived social support, and intensity of suicidal ideation. Correlation and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsOf 2509 tweets, 8.61% (n=216) were considered to indicate suicidality by most experts. Severity of the risk of suicide at the time was correlated with sadness (ρ=0.266; P<.001), joy (ρ=–0.234; P=.001), general risk (ρ=0.908; P<.001), and intensity of suicidal ideation (ρ=0.766; P<.001). The severity of risk at the time of the tweet was significantly higher in people who expressed feelings of defeat and rejection (P=.003), a desire to escape (P<.001), a lack of social support (P=.03), helplessness (P=.001), and daily recurrent thoughts (P=.007). In the multivariate analysis, the intensity of suicide ideation was a predictor for the severity of suicidal risk at the time (β=0.311; P=.001), as well as being a predictor for fear (β=–0.009; P=.01) and emotional valence (β=0.007; P=.009). The model explained 75% of the variance.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that it is possible to identify emotional content and other risk factors in suicidal tweets with a Spanish sample. Emotional analysis and, in particular, the detection of emotional variations may be key for real-time suicide prevention through social media.     

青少年颈椎病的病因病机及预防

青少年颈椎病很少有人研究，笔者在临床中发现高中学生中时有颈椎病发生，比例约占学生总数１５．７９％，年龄均在１５—１９岁间。通过对５００余名高中、小学生的坐姿、睡姿调查发现：学生从小学一年级就开始的铅笔习字和枕高不合标准—使坐姿、睡姿改变—迫使颈椎生理弧度改变—颈部生物力学早期综合性失衡—颈部解剖学、组织学改变—最终出现病理学改变—颈椎病发生。Ｘ线平片证实：学生颈椎病主要是颈椎曲度值改变，与增生关系不大。并针对青少年颈椎病出现的病因病机，提出了一套保健措施，自编《青少年颈部保健操》。希望引起学校、家长、教育、卫生等对青少年颈椎病预防的重视     

薄膜包衣在中药防潮中的应用

中药制剂易吸潮严重影响药品的稳定性。简要介绍了中药制剂吸湿性原理、薄膜包衣的优点及应用现状,重点从薄膜包衣的成膜原理、处方组成、影响包衣制剂的工艺参数等方面综述薄膜包衣在中药防潮中的应用。综合国内外薄膜包衣分析技术并探讨其在中药防潮分析上的应用。近几年,虽然薄膜包衣已广泛应用于药物制剂,但由于中药成分的复杂性,薄膜包衣在中药防潮方面的研究和应用还不够深入。随着对新型薄膜包衣材料及在线分析技术的研究,薄膜包衣在中药方面的应用将得到进一步的关注,并将在中药现代化发展进程中发挥较大的潜力。     

浅谈中医防治冠心病的新思路

文章系统阐述了中医防治冠心病的特色和优势,指出充分运用活血化瘀理论是一套科学的、行之有效的方法。在此基础上,从"双心"疾病和冠心病冬季预防两个角度,介绍了关于中医防治冠心病和发展活血化瘀理论的一些看法和建议,特别认为中医防治冠心病应该坚持以活血化瘀理论为基础,选择符合中医特点并体现中医优势的靶点进行有针对性的干预。使其做到疗效确切,机制清楚,另辟蹊径,扬长避短,得到广泛的认可。     

Dietary Therapy in Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)—Tradition or Modernity? A Review of the Latest Approaches to Nutrition in CVD

The development of cardiovascular diseases is undoubtedly influenced by improper dietary behavior. The most common mistakes include irregularity of meal consumption, high dietary atherogenicity: snacking on sweets between meals, low supply of dietary fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, legume seeds, and high supply of meat and meat products. Among many food components, some are characterized by a specific cardioprotective effect, which means that their supply of food may prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular disease or improve the health of the sick. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is one of the ingredients showing cardioprotective effects on the heart and blood vessels. Antioxidant and lipid profile-enhancing effects are also attributed to sitosterol which is one of the plant-derived sterols. A very important argument indicating the necessity of a varied diet rich in a variety of plant products is the beneficial effect of polyphenols, which are most abundant in multicolored vegetables and fruits. Numerous studies show their effectiveness in lowering blood pressure, improving lipid profile, and regeneration of vascular endothelium. The collected publications from the field of lifestyle medicine can be a source of knowledge for dieticians, physicians, and people associated with physical culture and human mental health to prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases and reduce the risk of death from this cause.     

固尔苏预防早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征疗效分析

目的探讨肺泡表面活性物质制剂固尔苏预防早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效。方法将胎龄≤32周,体重≤1 500 g的早产儿36例分两组进行前瞻性临床研究,观察组18例出生后2 h内气管内滴入固尔苏,对照组18例未应用固尔苏。结果观察组发生新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、出现并发症及死亡的例数较对照组明显减少（P〈0.05）;出生后6 h血气分析结果显示,观察组显著优于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论早产儿生后应尽早预防性应用固尔苏,可显著降低新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的发病率,减少呼吸机的应用,提高早产儿的存活率。     

A pilot study of what African American maternal caregivers and their adolescent daughters talk about when asked to discuss tobacco together

Parents play a critical role in shaping their children’s substance use behaviors, yet few studies have examined the messages that caregivers give their adolescents about tobacco. In this study, we identify tobacco-related messages discussed by African American maternal caregivers and their adolescent daughters. Twenty-five African American maternal caregivers and their adolescent daughters participated in a video-taped discussion about tobacco. Discussions were transcribed and coded thematically. Seven themes emerged, which were grouped into tobacco-messages and communication strategies. Messages included health risks, non-health-related reasons to stop smoking, reasons people smoke, and tobacco products and marijuana. Strategies caregivers used to communicate their tobacco-related messages included sharing personal or their families’ experience with smoking, using humor, and role-playing. Finally, embedded within all of the themes, participants expressed their disapproval of tobacco use, whether it was directed at their own use, their adolescents’ use, a family members’ use, or peers’ use. African American maternal caregivers and their daughters openly talk about a variety of tobacco-related topics, and caregivers are open to sharing their own and their families’ experience with substance use. Findings also suggest that having caregivers and their adolescents participate in discussions tasks could be potentially beneficial in facilitating discussions and could identify areas in which caregivers could use help in discussing sensitive topics.     

9例大面积烧伤合并吸入性气道损伤患者下呼吸道感染的预防与控制

目的：探讨9例大面积烧伤合并吸入性气道损伤患者下呼吸道感染的预防与控制措施。方法调查9例大面积烧伤合并吸入性损伤患者的下呼吸道分泌物培养的病原菌细菌谱及耐药情况。结果共检出下呼吸道病原菌2种,共38株,其中鲍曼不动杆菌37株,占97．36％（37／38）;嗜麦芽假单胞菌1株,占2．64％（1／38）。鲍曼不动杆菌耐药率达到75．59％,对替加环素、米诺环素敏感性90％以上。经过严格实施感染预防与控制,合理使用抗菌药物等综合措施后取得了良好的疗效,鲍曼不动杆菌检出率明显下降。结论本文患者的下呼吸道病原菌以鲍曼不动杆菌最常见,虽然鲍曼不动杆菌感染率及耐药率高,但可以通过有效的消毒隔离、严格的下呼吸道医院感染预防措施及合理应用抗菌药物等方法,使鲍曼不动杆菌的检出率明显下降。     

90例防盲小切口白内障体会

目的：探讨经角膜缘后2mm“一字形”巩膜隧道切口行小切口非超声乳化+人工晶体植入术,在防盲中的治疗效果及应用价值。方法在开展防盲工作中90例（90眼）白内障手术,做“一字形”巩膜隧道小切口,连续环形撕囊或截囊,水分离,用圈套器脱出晶状体核,注吸皮质,囊袋内植入人工晶状体,切口不予缝合。结果术后第一天裸眼视力≥0.3者52眼(57.8％),0.05-0.3者29眼(32.2％),≤0.05者9眼(10％)。术后一月裸眼视力≥0.3者74眼(82.2％),0.05-0.3者11眼(12.2％),≤0.05者5眼(5.6％)。术后三个月时裸眼视力≥0.3者83眼(92.2％),0.05-0.3者6眼(6.7％),≤0.05者1眼(1.1％)。术后1个月角膜散光为(1.30±0.47)D,术后3个月角膜散光为(0.82±0.52)D,与术前比较（0.8.±0.64D）差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论手法小切口自内障+人工晶体植入术,设备简单,易于掌握,手术费用低,疗效可靠。适合基层医院全面开展,是一种可行手术方式。     

从“治未病”思想探讨中医药防治EH相关子宫内膜癌的研究意义

子宫内膜癌为女性生殖道三大恶性肿瘤之一。子宫内膜增生症(endometrial hyperplasia,EH)乃子宫内膜癌的癌前病变,因而早期诊断和治疗EH非常必要。中医药防治EH相关子宫内膜癌有其应用简便、价格低廉、有效安全等优势,符合中医"治未病"的思想。由此推理,中医药防治EH相关子宫内膜癌有着广阔前景,值得深入研究。