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11.
R. Sandell 《Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica》1994,89(6):433-440
A community-based case-finding sample of 1824 narcotic abusers in Stockholm County was used to standardize a set of rating scales in order to reflect levels of personality organization (PO), in the spirit of Kernberg's theory. PO is assumed to be a function of the ego's capacity to endure inner and outer stress, which manifests itself in the frequency and depth of regressions and the rate of recovery from them. The principles of a method, Rating Ego Balance, for charting the person's characteristic pattern of regression are presented, and its psychometric properties are described on the basis of item response theory. The scales have satisfactory reliabilities and maximal discrimination at subneurotic levels of PO. They show strong construct validity in relation to Kernberg's theory. 相似文献
12.
All first-time admissions from 1970 to 1986 with obsessive-compulsive neurosis (OCD) (ICD-8 diagnosis number 300.39) or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) (ICD-8 diagnosis number 301.49) were analyzed based on an extract from the nationwide Psychiatric Case Register in Denmark. All patients with secondary diagnoses other than neurotic disorders or personality disorders (including “neuroses characterogenes”) were excluded from the study. A total of 284 patients were first-time admitted with a main diagnosis of OCD during the period. The sex ratio was 0.67 (males/females). A total of 126 were first-time admitted with a diagnosis of OCPD, with a sex ratio of 1.18 (males/females). Seventy-seven percent of the readmitted patients with a first-time diagnosis of OCD kept a diagnosis within the “emotional spectrum” at the last admission. About half kept OCD as a main diagnosis, whereas only 15% shifted to a severe psychiatric diagnosis such as schizophrenia or manic-depressive psychosis. Of the readmitted patients with OCPD. 13% later developed a diagnosis of manic-depressive psychosis. 相似文献
13.
Type and prevalence of Axis I and Axis II disorders (DSM-III) were assessed in a sample of 298 consecutive psychiatric outpatients. The instruments used were SCID and SIDP. About half of the Axis I diagnoses consisted of different subgroups of depression. Most patients had more than one diagnosis, anxiety being the second most common disorder. Eighty one percent of the subjects met the criteria for a personality disorder diagnosis; half of them obtained more than one Axis II diagnosis. Personality disorder was more common among men than among women. Avoidant and dependent personality disorders constituted the most frequent diagnoses. 相似文献
14.
The research was designed to investigate the moderating effect of some personality traits on subjective distress caused by daily hassles. The traits were internal locus of control, repression, ego strength, and barrier (as studied and defined by S. Fisher). The last two variables were negatively correlated both with the somatic and emotional distress indications and with the frequency of hassles reportED; internal locus of control showed an inverse relationship only with frequency of hassles. The hypothesis is formulated that ego strength and barrier are personality factors influencing not only the outcomes of coping (ie the stress response), but also event appraisal. 相似文献
15.
16.
Douglas A. Drossman 《Stress and health》1994,10(1):49-55
The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a very common disorder of intestinal function characterized by variable symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation and bloating. The spectrum of severity ranges from mild symptoms, not worthy of clinical attention, to intense and continuous symptoms associated with impaired health-related quality of life and high health care use. Psychosocial disturbance is commonly found among patients with irritable bowel, but until recently, its precise role in the disorder was uncertain. The data now suggest that irritable bowel is not a psychiatric disorder per se, but psychosocial factors including life stress, psychiatric comorbidity and abnormal illness behavior, among others, influence how the illness is experienced and acted upon. Patients with mild symptoms usually respond to education, reassurance, dietary modification and, when needed, antimotility agents. However, patients with more severe symptoms, who usually have greater psychosocial disturbance, will also require behavioral interventions, and possibly psychopharmacological agents. In sum, a graduated, multicomponent plan of care that includes dietary, behavioral and pharmacological treatments is recommended. 相似文献
17.
不同性别飞行学员人格特征的比较 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
目的 :探讨男女飞行学员人格特征的差别 ,为选拔战斗机女飞行员提供心理选拔方法的参照 .方法 :女学员组为某飞行学院 2 2名女飞行学员 ,男学员组为同一飞行学院 4 3名男飞行学员 .采用卡特尔 16种个性因素测验 (16PF) ,应用DXC多项心理测评仪进行集体测试 .结果 :在 16PF的 2 4个分析项目中 ,情绪的稳定性 (C)、兴奋性 (F)、敢为性 (H)、怀疑性 (L)、紧张性 (Q4)、适应与焦虑、内向与外向等 7个因子分男学员和女学员有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,其中在稳定性、兴奋性、敢为性和外向性等 4个因素上 ,女学员的分数显著高于男学员 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;而在怀疑性、紧张性、焦虑性等 3个因子分上则是男学员显著高于女学员(P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) .结论 :女飞行学员的个性特点是情绪稳定 ,轻松兴奋 ,冒险敢为 ,适应环境 ,趋于外向 ,紧张困扰和焦虑较少 .本调查结果表明 ,女飞行学员的人格特征基本符合战斗机飞行员人格结构的要求 相似文献
18.
R. P. DURAND J. H. LEVINE L. S. LICHTENSTEIN G. A. FLEMING G. R. ROSS 《Medical education》1988,22(4):335-341
Twenty senior teachers were asked to rank, in order of influence, the seven clinical and five personal characteristics used to grade third-year medicine clerks. Seventeen perceived themselves to be more influenced by clinical characteristics when assigning grades. Independently, the actual ratings completed over a 3-year period by these same teachers were analysed to measure the congruency between their perceived and actual grading behaviour. When actually rating students only nine raters were more influenced by clinical characteristics and just one half of the teachers displayed a congruency between their perceived and actual rating behaviour. The implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Psychological factors influencing the surgical patients' consent to regional anaesthesia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M. N. PAPANIKOLAOU A. VOULGARI L. LYKOURAS Y. ARVANITIS G. N. CHRISTODOULOU A. DANOU–ROUSSAKI 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》1994,38(6):607-611
To investigate the preoperative attitude of surgical patients to regional anaesthesia, 162 subjects scheduled for elective surgery were studied. On the day before operation, patients were interviewed by an anaesthesio–logist, using a semi–structured schedule. Topics investigated were sociodemographic variables and clinical correlates, such as past anaesthetic experience, information about anaesthesia and surgery, as well as questions and fears related to anaesthesia. Subjects were assessed for personality characteristics and emotional symptoms by Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Zung's Self–rating Anxiety and Depression Rating Scales, Schalling–Sifneos' Personality Scale and the 43–item Life Events Inventory of Holmes and Rahe. Seventy–one patients (44%) consented to regional anaesthesia. Consent to regional anaesthesia was associated with advanced age, low neuroticism and high extroversion score in the EPQ, as well as longer duration of illness. The deniers of consent asked more questions and expressed more fears about anaesthesia. It is suggested that the patients' characteristics influence their preference, acceptance or refusal of regional anaesthesia. 相似文献
20.
M Bjekíc † D Lecic-Toevski ‡ H Vlajinac § J Marinkovíc¶ 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2002,16(1):63-65
OBJECTIVE: To assess the personality characteristics of patients with repeated sexually transmitted diseases (STD). METHOD: A case-control study comparing 101 STD repeaters (subjects with a lifetime history of three or more STDs) with 182 controls who had no history of STD. All subjects attended the City Department for Skin and Venereal Diseases in Belgrade (Yugoslavia) from June 1997 to April 1998. Personality characteristics was assessed by the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). RESULTS: The analysis of MCMI test showed that STD repeaters had higher scores on narcissistic, antisocial and paranoid scales. The difference between STD repeaters and the controls was significant on antisocial, psychotic thinking and psychotic delusion scales, although scores on clinical syndromes were low for both cases and controls. Discriminant analysis showed that antisocial personality was predictive for STD repeaters. CONCLUSIONS: This study support the hypothesis that STD repeaters are different from controls in terms of their psychological characteristics. The behaviour of STD repeaters is ego-syntonic, which makes the treatment of their personality difficult and emphasizes the importance of work on primary and secondary prevention of STD. 相似文献