损伤控制外科理念在合并腹部损伤的多发伤救治中的应用

目的 将损伤控制外科(damage control surgery,DCS)理论由传统的单纯腹部损伤救治扩展到多发伤综合救治的角度.方法 回顾性分析合并有腹部损伤的多发伤586例,其中应用了损伤控制技术138例,占24.3%.控制出血是DCS的首要任务,包括:腹部填塞(abdominal packing,AP)止血34例;双侧髂内动脉结扎56例,双侧髂内动脉栓塞8例,肝固有动脉结扎或栓塞48例(其中栓塞4例);脾动脉栓塞2例;腹内血管修补或结扎32例次(髂内动脉结扎25例次).控制污染是DCS的第2个主要目的:胰部分切除或内外引流24例次、十二指肠修补或憩室化15例次、膀胱修补造口36例次.上述简化手术完成后,患者送ICU,并立即开始继续复苏.争取在72小时内进行再次确定性手术.结果 138例采用DCS救治,存活101例,死亡率26.8%(37/138),死亡组ISS评分平均值41.6分.早期死因为颅脑损伤3例,急性大失血22例、腹腔间隙综合征1例,颈椎损伤高位截瘫2例.结论 合理使用DCS技术,维持机体的内环境稳定,使病人安全度过创伤的急性反应期,是提高严重创伤救治成功率的关键.     

腓肠神经营养血管肌皮瓣治疗小腿下段及足踝部组织感染缺损

目的 探讨腓肠神经营养血管肌皮瓣逆行转位修复小腿下段及足踝部软组织缺损的可行性.方法 对12例小腿中下段及足踝部软组织缺损或骨缺损、骨髓炎的病例,采用逆行腓肠神经营养血管肌皮瓣转移方法进行治疗.结果 12例中11例完全存活,1例皮瓣远端皮肤部分坏死,经换药瘢痕愈合.随访5～54个月,平均21个月,皮瓣质地优良,外观满意,感染治愈均尤复发.结论 腓肠神经营养血管肌皮瓣解剖简单、血供可靠,抗感染能力强,是临床上治疗小腿及足踝部软组织缺损并感染的良好选择.     

新型鼻咽通气道联合超声引导下神经阻滞在骨科下肢手术中的应用

目的 评估新型鼻咽通气道联合超声引导下神经阻滞麻醉在骨科手术中供氧的有效性及呼气末二氧化碳分压(PetCO2)监测的准确性.方法 选取择期行骨科下肢手术的40例患者为研究对象,行腰丛+坐骨神经阻滞麻醉,轻度镇静下置入新型鼻咽通气道,连接供氧管,监测PetCO2,行桡动脉穿刺,监测血气分析结果,术中持续小剂量丙泊酚泵入进...     

Role of pilocarpine use following laser peripheral iridotomy in eyes with refractory acute angle closure glaucoma: A case report and literature review

Rationale:Angle closure glaucoma (ACG) is one of the most emergent types of glaucoma in clinical practice. Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) could minimize pupillary block and prevent ACG from an acute attack. However, recurrent increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) may still occur despite successful LPI. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of postLPI pilocarpine use and larger LPI size as well as to share some experiences of cataract surgery in patients with ACG.Patient concerns:A 63-year-old female was referred to our hospital for headache, and poor control of IOP in the right eye for 3 hours.Diagnoses:The patient was diagnosed ACG in the right eye. Recurrence of ACG in the right eye and new-onset and recurrent ACG in the left eye were noted during follow-up, despite successful LPI. The diagnosis was confirmed through slit lamp and gonioscope examination.Interventions:The LPI size was enlarged and pilocarpine use was maintained at 2% (1 drop 4 times a day) in both the eyes. Finally, cataract surgery was performed in both the eyes.Outcomes:No recurrence of ACG was noted during postLPI pilocarpine use in both the eyes. The postoperative IOP was stable for >6 months after cataract surgery without any surgical intervention or antiglaucoma medication use. No discomfort or major complication was observed.Conclusion:This report highlights the importance of postLPI pilocarpine use and larger LPI size in patients with refractory ACG.     

Intraocular lens power calculation after radical keratotomy and photorefractive keratectomy: A case report

Rationale:To report a rare case of calculating the IOL power in a cataract patient who underwent both radial keratotomy (RK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).Patient concerns:A 48-year-old woman underwent bilateral RK at age 22 and bilateral PRK at age 46. She developed bilateral corneal haze and corneal endothelial inflammation and received steroids therapy for long time after PRK. Then she was referred to our hospital due to decreased vision in the both eyes.Diagnoses:The patient was diagnosed with binocular complicated cataract, corneal haze, high myopia and post corneal refractive surgery (RK and PRK).Interventions:The patient underwent bilateral phacoemulsification. The IOL power was calculated using SRK/T formula for RK and Haigis-L formula for PRK, respectively. We finally selected the Haigis-L formula and the intraocular lens (SN60WF) was implanted within the capsular bag.Outcomes:After the surgery, both eyes showed myopia drift, and the right eye continuously fluctuated in refractive results. However, by nearly 1 year later, refractive results in both eyes had stabilized, and no other complications had occurred.Lessons:IOL power in patients who undergo both RK and PRK can be reliably calculated using the Shammas-PL, Average of multiple formulas, or Barret True-K No History formulas. Haigis-L formula is not suitable. Such patients require at least three months after surgery to attain refractive stability in both eyes.     

心脏不停跳心内直视手术113例

目的探讨不停跳心内直视手术的方法和意义。方法浅低温（31℃-34℃）不停跳心脏直视手术共113例,男59例,女54例。年龄4-73岁,平均31.4岁。其中房间隔缺损（atrial septal defect,ASD）22例,室间隔缺损（ventricular septal defect,VSD）32例,法乐氏三联征（triad of Fallot,F3）3例,双腔右心室1例,Ebstein畸形3例,二尖瓣置换手术（mitral valve replacement,MVR）36例,主动脉瓣置换手术（aortic valve replacement,AVR）9例,双瓣置换手术（double valves replacemnet,DVR）7例。结果1例二尖瓣置换手术因术中暴露极差而被迫降温心脏停跳操作外,其余全为非停跳手术,全组手术顺利,无死亡,术后恢复良好。结论心脏不停跳手术简化了手术操作程序,方便手术后管理,减少了心脏停跳后的负面影响。     

Risk factors of perioperative complications and management with enhanced recovery after primary surgery in women with epithelial ovarian carcinoma in a single center

The present study aimed to evaluate the postoperative complications and the impact of an enhanced recovery programme in patients who underwent primary surgery (including extensive upper abdominal surgery) for epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). All patients with stage I–IV ovarian carcinoma who underwent primary surgery were identified, and postoperative complications were evaluated and graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Of 161 patients, 46 (28.57%) underwent surgical staging, 27 (16.77%) standard cytoreduction, 12 (7.45%) en bloc debulking and 76 (47.20%) extraradical debulking. A total of 157 patients (97.52%) achieved optimal tumor reduction (<1 cm). The mean postoperative hospitalization time was 17.33±11.29 days after completion of the initial postoperative chemotherapy (IPC), and the IPC interval was 16.22±10.09 days. A total of 13 patients (8.07%) had grade 3 complications (9 with wound dehiscence, 3 with digestive tract leakage and 1 with a bladder fistula). A total of 2 patients (1.24%) had grade 4–5 complications [1 patient with severe pneumonia returned to the intensive care unit (ICU) for tracheotomy and respiration rehabilitation; the other patient died of septicemia on day 19]. The multivariate analysis of the preoperative factors revealed that a human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) level of ≥717 pM (P=0.015) and Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IV (P=0.004; compared with stage IIIC) were associated with grade 3–5 complications. The bootstrap analysis revealed that a cancer antigen 125 (CA125) level of ≥1,012 U/ml (P=0.034), a HE4 level of ≥717 pM (P=0.007) and FIGO stage IV (P=0.002; compared with stage IIIC) were significantly associated with grade 3–5 complications. Meanwhile, the multivariate analysis of the postoperative factors did not reveal any risk factors associated with grade 3–5 complications; the bootstrap analysis revealed that only transfer to the ICU after surgery (P=0.026) was significantly associated with grade 3–5 complications. In conclusion, the study found that application of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols is feasible in patients with EOC, especially in those undergoing advanced extensive upper abdominal surgery, and CA125, HE4 and FIGO stage IV were related with the occurrence of adverse perioperative outcomes.     

肢体动脉瘤样骨囊肿的手术治疗

目的评价肢体动脉瘤样骨囊肿的手术治疗及疗效。方法总结1991年2月至2004年2月经我院手术治疗的肢体动脉瘤样骨囊肿患者20例,其中男12例,女8例;年龄11~44岁,平均22.1岁。手术方法均采用病损局部开窗配合高速磨钻切刮术,术后腔内用石炭酸、75%酒精灭活。病损切刮术后骨缺损填充采用自体骨10例,异体脱钙骨2例,人工骨4例,骨水泥填塞4例。对于已经发生或可能发生病理性骨折的病损术后采用内固定,对于病损较小,不影响骨骼强度者不用内固定。本组15例行内固定术,5例未作内固定。结果20例患者均未出现感染或皮缘坏死等手术并发症。其中11例获随访,随访时间2~5年,平均2.6年。11例患者病损区植骨均愈合,患肢功能恢复良好,无一复发。结论动脉瘤样骨囊肿采用病损局部开窗配合高速磨钻切刮术,病损腔内灭活,可降低局部复发率。     

Comparison of the effects of inhalational and total intravenous anesthesia on quality of recovery in patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery has shown promising results. However, fast and high-quality recovery after this procedure remains a challenge for neuroanesthesiologists. This study aimed to compare the quality of recovery after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery between patients who received inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane and patients who received propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA).Methods: Eighty-two patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery were randomized to receive either sevoflurane inhalation with manual infusion of remifentanil (sevoflurane group) or effect-site target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil (TIVA group). The primary outcome was the 40-item Quality of Recovery (QoR-40) score on postoperative day 1. The QoR-40 questionnaire was completed by patients the day before surgery and on postoperative days 1 and 2. Emergence agitation and recovery characteristics were also assessed.Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in the global QoR-40 scores on both postoperative days 1 and 2 (difference -8.7, 95% CI -18.0 to 0.7, and P = 0.204; -3.6, 95% CI -13.0 to 5.8, and P > 0.999, respectively). The time to verbal response and time to extubation were significantly shorter in the sevoflurane group than in the TIVA group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, the incidence of emergence agitation was lower in the TIVA group than in the sevoflurane group (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Both inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane and propofol-based TIVA were appropriate anesthetic techniques for patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in terms of the quality of recovery up to 2 days postoperatively. Rapid emergence was observed in the sevoflurane group, while smooth emergence was observed in the TIVA group.