Clinical spectrum of acute abdominal pain in Turkish pediatric patients: A prospective study

Abstract Background : The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence, associated symptoms, and clinical outcomes of children with acute abdominal pain who had been admitted to an emergency department. Methods : Children aged between 2 and 16 years who presented to the emergency department of Cerrahpa?a Medical School, Istanbul University between July 2001 and August 2002 with acute abdominal pain were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire was completed each patient admitted to our pediatric emergency unit for acute abdominal pain. Data collected included presenting signs and symptoms, the hospital follow up for all children who returned within 10 days, test results, and telephone follow up. Results : The number of children referred to the emergency department was 7442, with 399 (5.4%) of these having acute abdominal pain. The mean age of the study population was 6.9 ± 3.5 years, and 201 of the patients were male. The five most prevalent diagnoses were: (i) upper respiratory tract infection and/or complicated with otitis media or sinusitis (23.7%); (ii) abdominal pain with uncertain etiology (15.4%); (iii) gastroenteritis (15.4%); (iv) constipation (9.4%); and (v) urinary tract infection (8%). The most common associated symptoms were decreased appetite, fever and emesis. Because of follow‐up deficiency the progress of 28 patients was not obtained. Eighty‐two children were referred to the department of pediatric surgery, but only 17 of 82 (20.7%) required surgical intervention (15 of these 17 for appendicitis). Eleven patients returned within 10 days for re‐evaluation, but the initial diagnosis was not changed. The complaints of 57 patients with uncertain etiology were resolved within 2 days. Conclusions : An acute complaint of abdominal pain was usually attributed to a self‐limited disease. However, the percentage of surgical etiology is not negligible.     

北京大学医院儿科发表论著的文献计量学分析

目的对1999-2003年北京大学(北大)医院儿科发表的中西文论著进行文献计量学分析,以期揭示北大医院儿科的学术科研水平方法统计1999-2003年北大医院儿科发表的医学论著总量、第一作者构成及发表论著的核心文献源。计算中文论著出自核心期刊比率对于西文论著,统计其被科学引文索引(SCI)收录、被引、来源期刊的影响因子及其变化趋势。统计论著引用文献的构成情况,用文献计量学指标评价论文的学术价值、结果 北大医院儿科于1999-2003年,在59种学术期刊上共发表医学专业文献513篇,其中论著275篇 在238篇中文论著中,出自核心期刊论著占总量的79.0％。西文论著37篇,被SCI收录比率为83.8％;其来源期刊的平均影响因子为1 447,最高为7.717,5年间平均影响因子从0.768升高至2.206;被SCI收录的论著,总被引频次为38次,篇平均被引1.41次。5年间北大医院儿科发表的论著篇平均参考文献为9.8篇,1999年篇平均参考文献为8.1篇至2003年上升到12.0篇;引用中、外文文献的比例为80.7 ％,普赖斯指数为43.2％。结论在1999-2003年间北大医院儿科一直保持着相对稳定的发文量,并在2003年有较大增加。西文论著的学术水平明显升高,作者利用外文文献的能力较强,但对于学科最新知识的利用能力还有待提高。     

儿科常见护患冲突的管理对策

目的:减少护理纠纷的发生.方法:通过对儿科常见护患冲突原因的分析,更新护理理念,增强法律意识,注重沟通技巧,重视护理工作环节衔接.结果:有效预防、化解科内护患冲突.2003～2005年我科未发生护患纠纷.结论:通过不断总结经验,持续护理质量改进,护患冲突、纠纷明显减少.     

不同麻醉诱导下小儿气管插管时的心血管应激反应

目的用随机对照前瞻性研究方法,比较小儿气管插管时心血管反应,评价不同麻醉诱导方式对插管时应激反应的抑制作用.方法68例1～6岁的患儿被随机分成P、PF及PFI组,P组静脉注射硫喷妥钠5 mg/kg;PF组先静脉注射芬太尼3 μg/kg,再静脉注射硫喷妥钠5 mg/kg;PFI组先静脉注射芬太尼3μg/kg,再静脉注射硫喷妥钠5 mg/kg,同时吸入3%异氟醚.所有患儿由同一位医师进行气管插管,记录其麻醉前以及插管前后的心率和血压.结果插管后P组的心率和血压最高,不仅显著高于插管前,还显著高于基础值（P＜0.05）.PF组插管后的心率和血压虽然也高于插管前,但低于P组,而且与基础值比较没有显著性差异.PFI组插管后的血压仅略高于插管前,但比基础值低（P＜0.05）,在3组中最低（P＜0.05）,且升幅最小（P＜0.05）,其收缩压和舒张压的升幅分别为11%和26%.结论给患儿插管时联合应用硫喷妥钠、芬太尼和异氟醚,心血管反应最小,提示其可以较好地抑制插管所至的应激反应.     

The Evaluation of Suspected Pediatric Sexual Abuse

Children with suspected sexual abuse often present to the ED, not infrequently like those in the 2 cases described. Most children who are sexually abused have normal genital examinations, which should be explained in discussions with caretakers and investigators. Interviewing of the child should be avoided by the physician, except to establish current symptoms that may impact examination or testing. Exams should not be forced on children. The hymen is extremely sensitive in the unestrogenized female and should not be touched. Speculum examination is never performed in the prepubertal child, except under anesthesia by a practitioner experienced in child sexual abuse evaluation or gynecology. Examination under anesthesia by a physician experienced in surgical repair is indicated with active vaginal or rectal bleeding. In cases in which the examination is abnormal or inadequate, the subspecialist should be consulted. Patients with contact less than 72 hours before presentation may need forensic evidence collection, which should be coordinated with the subspecialist. Prepubertal females with vaginal discharge seen on examination should have testing sent not only for STDs, but also for non-STD etiologies including group A streptococcus and enterics. Postexposure prophylaxis (pregnancy, STD, HIV) should be considered when appropriate. There are many conditions that may be mistaken for sexual abuse. Detailed documentation of the history and the physical examination (written, drawings, and ideally photographs) is essential.     

Dynamic profile of ocular refraction in pediatric cataract patients after lens surgeries

AIM: To study the change in ocular refraction in patients with pediatric cataracts (PCs) after lens extraction. METHODS: A total of 1258 patients who were undergoing cataract extraction with/without intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were recruited during preoperative examinations between Jan 2010 and Oct 2013. Patient ages ranged from 1.5mo to 14y. Follow-ups were conducted at 1wk, 1, and 3mo postoperatively and every 3mo in the first year, then 6mo thereafter. Ocular refraction [evaluated as spherical equivalent (SE)] and yearly myopic shift (YMS) were recorded and statistically analyzed among patients with age at surgery, baseline ocular refraction, gender, postoperative time and laterality (bilateral vs unilateral). RESULTS: By Dec 31st 2015, 1172 participants had been followed for more than 2y. The median follow-up period was 3y. The critical factors affecting the ocular refraction of PC patients were baseline ocular refraction, postoperative time for both aphakic and pseudophakic eyes. YMS grew most rapidly in young childhood and early adolescence. CONCLUSION: After lens surgeries, ocular refraction in PC patients shows an individual difference of change. Further concerns should be raising to monitor the rapid myopic shift at early adolescence of these patients.