肝内胆管乳头状瘤病的临床病理特征和诊治分析:附九例报告

目的 总结肝内胆管乳头状瘤病的临床病理特点及诊治结果 ,以提高对本病的认识.方法 收集2006年8月至2008年10月经病理证实的9例肝内胆管乳头状瘤病的临床资料,分析其临床表现,影像学发现,病理特征及治疗结果 .结果 本组9例中男2例,女7例,中位年龄59岁,主要临床表现为反复发热、右上腹痛及黄疸等胆管炎征象,8例合并胆道结石或既往有胆道结石手术史,CEA和CA19-9大多正常.B超和CT/MRCP发现有病变部位肝内胆管局限性囊状扩张和肝萎缩,黏液分泌者胆总管扩张尤其明显.全部病例接受根治性手术切除.9例病变均位于左叶,其中7例为黏液分泌型.剖检标本肝内胆管呈囊状改变,病变多发,分布在肝内各级胆管,呈乳头状隆起,直径在2～5 mm,很少超过10 mm,质脆易出血,镜下见不同程度的异型增生和上皮瘤变,其中2例有恶变.术后随访至今,均无复发.结论 本组资料表明肝内胆管乳头状瘤病好发于有胆道结石病史的中老年女性.临床表现为反复发作的胆管炎,影像学表现为肝内外胆管的显著扩张,尤以病变部位为甚,MRCP和ERCP对本病诊断价值较大.临床和病理显示本病是具有很高恶变潜能的交界性肿瘤,根治性手术切除预后良好.术中胆道镜检查和切缘的快速切片有助于提高本病的根治切除率.     

结直肠锯齿状腺瘤的临床特征及恶变影响因素分析

目的锯齿状腺瘤被公认为结直肠癌的癌前病变,锯齿状通路被认为是可以独立发展成结直肠癌的重要通路,但目前对于锯齿状腺瘤恶变的相关危险因素还知之甚少。本文旨在分析锯齿状腺瘤在结直肠中的分布特点及潜在恶变因素。方法采用病例对照研究方法,回顾性收集2017年4月至2019年7月期间在中国医学科学院肿瘤医院行肠镜检查并经病理诊断为锯齿状腺瘤患者的临床资料,排除同时具有两种及以上病理类型病变的患者。总结锯齿状腺瘤的临床特征,并进行单因素和Logistic多因素回归分析,探讨锯齿状腺瘤发生恶变的影响因素。结果共在28730例行肠镜检查患者中,发现311例(1.08%)锯齿状腺瘤患者,共发现锯齿状腺瘤372枚。按WHO分类,无蒂锯齿状腺瘤/息肉22枚(5.9%),传统锯齿状腺瘤84枚(22.6%),未分类锯齿状腺瘤266枚(71.5%)。病理结果显示:无异型增生病变106枚(28.5%),低级别上皮内瘤变病变228枚(61.3%),高级别上皮内瘤变或癌变38枚(10.2%)。病变长径<10 mm有204枚(54.8%),≥10 mm有168枚(45.2%);病变位于左半结直肠238枚(64.0%),右半结肠134枚(36.0%)。内镜下大体分型:扁平型16枚(4.3%),无蒂型174枚(46.8%),亚蒂型117枚(31.5%),带蒂型59枚(15.9%)。窄带成像国际结直肠内镜(NICE)分型:Ⅰ型85枚(22.8%),Ⅱ型280枚(75.3%),Ⅲ型4枚(1.1%)。单因素分析显示,病变大小、病变位置、病变部位及不同WHO分类与结直肠锯齿状腺瘤发生恶变有关(均P<0.05);不同NICE分型的锯齿状腺瘤,其恶变率的差异亦有统计学差异(P=0.001)。多因素分析结果显示,病变长径≥10 mm(OR=6.699,95%CI:2.843~15.786)以及病变位于左半结直肠(OR=2.657,95%CI:1.042~6.775)是结直肠锯齿状腺瘤发生恶变的独立危险因素。结论锯齿状腺瘤主要位于左半结直肠,当病变长径≥10 mm或病变位于左半结直肠时,易发生恶变。     

三维重建技术在肺腺癌新分类标准诊断中的价值

目的 探讨三维重建技术对肺腺癌新分类标准在术前外科诊断中的应用价值,助力于开发人工智能在肺癌辅助诊疗方面的深度学习模型系统.方法 回顾性分析2018年10月至2020年6月我院收治的173例经手术病理证实且肿瘤直径≤2 cm肺磨玻璃结节患者的临床资料,其中男55例、女118例,中位年龄61(28～82)岁.同一患者不同...     

颅内脑外型海绵状血管瘤MRI表现与误诊分析

［摘要］ 目的 分析颅内脑外型海绵状血管瘤（ECMs）的MRI表现及误诊原因,以提高术前诊断准确率。方法 回顾性分析9例经手术病理确诊ECMs患者的MRI表现,观察病变部位、信号特点,结合病理特点,进行误诊分析。结果 本组9例病例中,多发病灶2例,即内听道并脑内型海绵状血管瘤,单发病灶7例,其中病变位于海绵窦区3例,颅中窝、侧脑室后角、第四脑室、窦汇区各1例。周围组织水肿1例,无水肿8例。信号不均匀者5例,均匀者4例,以T1WI呈等信号、T2WI与FLAIR呈高信号为主,增强后早期明显强化,强化程度同血管样强化。4例SWI呈等、低、高混杂信号,2例呈等信号。DWI呈稍低信号3例,1例呈等低混杂信号,ADC图呈稍高信号4例。MRS中Cho、NAA峰位于基线水平者3例,发现Lac1例。PWI提示低灌注1例。结论 ECMs以T2WI、FLAIR高信号为主、常见“环铁征”、低灌注的脑组织外血管畸形病变,少见周围组织水肿。利用SWI、MRS及PWI等影像新技术,提高ECMs的诊断准确性,为临床治疗提供全面、准确的信息。     

小肠增生性病变的临床诊断与病理

目的　探讨小肠增生性病变的临床和病理特点。方法　对我院收治的 48例小肠增生性病变的临床资料和病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果　 48例病人中小肠恶性肿瘤 31例 ,良性肿瘤 8例 ,炎性肿块 7例 ,异位胰腺 2例。表现为出血13例 ,穿孔 3例 ,梗阻 8例 ,肿块 12例。共 40例行手术治疗 ,其中 38例将病灶完整切除。结论　小肠增生性病变以肿瘤多见 ,恶性肿瘤尤甚。腺癌以十二指肠多见平滑肌肉瘤和恶性淋巴瘤以回肠多见。良性肿瘤以十二指肠、空肠多见。恶性肿瘤常表现为出血和穿孔 ,而良性病变常为肿块。平滑肌瘤则易出血。     

Hereditary neuromuscular diseases

This article presents the actual classification of neuromuscular diseases based on present expansion of our knowledge and understanding due to genetic developments. It summarizes the genetic and clinical presentations of each disorder together with CT findings, which we studied in a large group of patients with neuromuscular diseases. The muscular dystrophies as the largest and most common group of hereditary muscle diseases will be highlighted by giving detailed information about the role of CT and MRI in the differential diagnosis. The radiological features of neuromuscular diseases are atrophy, hypertrophy, pseudohypertrophy and fatty infiltration of muscles on a selective basis. Although the patterns and distribution of involvement are characteristic in some of the diseases, the definition of the type of disease based on CT scan only is not always possible.     

冠状动脉病变形态学与急性心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后无复流的关系

目的探讨冠状动脉病变形态学与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEAMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗(PCI)后无复流的关系。方法回顾性分析自2001年3月-2004年11月410例STEAMI患者直接PCI后的临床和造影资料,无复流患者51例,由其余359例直接PCI后TIMI3级冠脉前向血流者中随机抽取60例作为正常血流组。结果无复流的发生率为12.44%。分析表明:两组在几乎完全闭塞、血栓、钙化、长病变等造影发现的罪犯血管形态学改变中存在显著性差异。结论STEAMI患者如果在造影时发现罪犯血管存在几乎完全闭塞、血栓、钙化、长病变等形态学改变,则行直接PCI后无复流的发生率显著增加。     

成都379例新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床分析

目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者的临床特征及预后。方法纳入成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心2020年1月16日至11月30日收治的379例COVID-19确诊病例,按照年龄分为老年组(42例,年龄≥60岁)和非老年组(337例,年龄<60岁),比较两组患者的流行病学、临床特征、实验室检查、治疗及预后。结果379例患者年龄2个月至87岁,平均41.2岁,其中男286例(75.5%),女93例。老年组平均年龄为69.5岁,女性更多见(占61.9%),大多为武汉输入和本土续发(占73.8%),以普通型和危重型为主(88.1%)。非老年组的平均年龄为37.8岁,男性更多见(80.1%),主要来自境外输入(75.7%),以轻型和普通型为主(95.0%)。179例患者(47.2%)合并一种或多种基础疾病,老年组以高血压病(15例,35.7%)及糖尿病(11例,26.2%)多见,而非老年组则以非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(132例,39.2%)多见。最常见的临床表现是发热(138例,36.4%)和咳嗽(129例,34.0%),但老年组的发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难及乏力等症状较非老年组更多见(P<0.05)。与非老年组相比,老年组的总淋巴细胞计数、CD4⁺及CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数更低,而心肌损伤标志物及炎症指标更高(P<0.05)。139例患者(36.7%)的心脏彩色超声心动图异常,主要为左室舒张功能降低(22.7%)及心脏瓣膜反流(14.0%),且老年组患者的心脏彩色超声心动图异常率明显高于非老年组(85.7%vs.30.6%,P<0.05)。经治疗后,除老年组死亡3例外,其余均已治愈出院;但老年组的住院时间较非老年组更长(22.1 d vs.18.8 d,P=0.033)。结论成都老年COVID19患者主要来自武汉输入和本地续发,以普通型和危重型为主,常合并高血压或糖尿病等基础疾病;成都非老年COVID-19患者主要来自境外输入,以轻型和普通型为主,常合并非酒精性脂肪性肝炎;经治疗后,患者大多预后良好。     

Mutation profile and its correlation with clinicopathology in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer worldwide. Although many studies have focused on oncogene characteristics, the genomic landscape of Chinese HCC patients has not been fully clarified.MethodsA total of 165 HCC patients, including 146 males and 19 females, were enrolled. The median age was 55 years (range, 27–78 years). Corresponding clinical and pathological information was collected for further analysis. A total of 168 tumor tissues from these patients were selected for next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based 450 panel gene sequencing. Genomic alterations including single nucleotide variations (SNV), short and long insertions and deletions (InDels), copy number variations, and gene rearrangements were analyzed. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was measured by an algorithm developed in-house. The top quartile of HCC was classified as TMB high.ResultsA total of 1,004 genomic alterations were detected from 258 genes in 168 HCC tissues. TMB values were identified in 160 HCC specimens, with a median TMB of 5.4 Muts/Mb (range, 0–28.4 Muts/Mb) and a 75% TMB of 7.7 Muts/Mb. The most commonly mutated genes were TP53, TERT, CTNNB1, AXIN1, RB1, TSC2, CCND1, ARID1A, and FGF19. SNV was the most common mutation type and C:G>T:A and guanine transformation were the most common SNVs. Compared to wild-type patients, the proportion of Edmondson grade III–IV and microvascular invasion was significantly higher in TP53 mutated patients (P<0.05). The proportion of tumors invading the hepatic capsule was significantly higher in TERT mutated patients (P<0.05). The proportion of Edmondson grade I-II, alpha fetoprotein (AFP) <25 µmg/L, and those without a history of hepatitis B was significantly higher in CTNNB1 mutated patients (P<0.05). CTNNB1 mutations were associated with TMB high in HCC patients (P<0.05). Based on correlation analysis, the mutation of TP53 was independently correlated with microvascular invasion (P=0.002, OR =3.096) and Edmondson grade III–IV (P=0.008, OR =2.613). The mutation of TERT was independently correlated with tumor invasion of the liver capsule (P=0.001, OR =3.030), and the mutation of CTNNB1 was independently correlated with AFP (<25 µmg/L) (P=0.009, OR =3.414).ConclusionsThe most frequently mutated genes of HCC patients in China were TP53, TERT, and CTNNB1, which mainly lead to the occurrence and development of HCC by regulating the P53 pathway, Wnt pathway, and telomere repair pathway. There were more patients with microvascular invasion and Edmondson III–IV grade in TP53 mutated patients and more patients with hepatic capsule invasion in TERT mutated patients, while in CTNNB1 mutated patients, there were more patients with Edmondson I–II grade, AFP <25 µmg/L, and a non-hepatitis B background. Also, the TMB values were significantly higher in CTNNB1 mutated patients than in wild type patients.