腹腔镜手术切除巨大肾上腺肿瘤的临床探讨

目的：探讨腹腔镜手术切除巨大（直径≥8cm）肾上腺肿瘤的可行性。方法：采用经腹途径腹腔镜切除术治疗巨大肾上腺肿瘤患者6例,左侧4例,右侧2例,肿瘤最大径8．5～12cm。结果：6例腹腔镜手术均获得成功,无中转开放手术。手术时间平均120min（90～185min）,术中出血量平均150ml（50～400m1）。术后胃肠功能恢复时间1～2天,术后2～3天拔除引流管,术后住院6～lO天。随访4～24个月,未发现异常。病理检查报告肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤2例,神经节细胞瘤1例,神经鞘瘤1例,髓性脂肪瘤2例。结论：肿瘤大小并不是选择腹腔镜手术的决定性因素。在技术娴熟的条件下,腹腔镜治疗巨大肾上腺肿瘤是安全、可行的。     

腋窝顶泌汗腺的应用解剖与组织病理学观察

目的 研究腋臭顶泌汗腺的分布范围与层次,为治疗腋臭提供应用解剖与病理学依据.方法 对2具腋臭,8具非腋臭10%甲醛固定成人尸体,进行腋窝应用解剖;对25例重度腋臭患者予以顶泌汗腺去除手术的组织病理学观察.结果 顶泌汗腺分泌部肉眼清晰可见,呈粟粒样颗粒;尸体上呈黑褐色,活体上为粉红色;主要分布在腋毛区域内,可超过腋毛区域外,但未超过1.0 cm;以腋窝中央横皱襞处最为密集,外围呈散在分布.顶泌汗腺分泌部位于真皮网状层与腋浅筋膜之间的浅层脂肪组织内,在真皮网状层下方已移行为导管部.在靠近真皮网状层处,其被结缔组织缠绕,形成完整、坚韧、不易刮除的膜状结构;在下方与腋浅筋膜连接紧密,不易分离.真皮面上白色突起颗粒为皮脂腺毛囊复合体.结论 直视下去除真皮下粉红色粟粒样组织和腋浅筋膜,干净去除顶泌汗腺分泌部;结合紧贴真皮面剪除毛囊处理导管部,可根治腋臭.手术范围不可过宽,以腋毛区域外1.0 cm为宜.     

应用腹腔镜行下腰椎手术的解剖学研究

目的 观察研究下腰椎前方、侧方毗邻的血管结构的位置及走行,并测量各节段手术空间的大小,为腹腔镜下行腰椎手术提供安全区的解剖学依据.方法 解剖15例成人尸体标本(男9例,女6例),记录腰椎前方和侧方毗邻的主要血管解剖学参数,并测量出相应的结果.结果 腹主动脉分叉点变异较多,髂总静脉汇合点相对恒定,腹主动脉分叉点、髂总静脉...     

后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的临床评价

目的探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析了2006年10月～2010年10月在我院行后腹腔镜或开放手术治疗的46例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者的临床资料,对两种手术方法的术中术后情况进行了分析。结果后腹腔镜组手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血率、术中血压心率波动率均显著低于开放手术组,相比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;后腹腔镜组术后入ICu率和引流时间显著低于开放手术组,相比较有显著性差异（P〈O．05）;而两组大部分患者术后血压均获得改善,切口脂肪液化发生率低,两组相比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论术前充分准备的基础上行后腹腔镜嗜铬细胞瘤切除术是安全有效的。     

下睑袋个体化修复208例临床体会

目的：探讨提高下睑袋整复术的手术效果。方法：对208例下睑袋整复术者,针对其不同临床分型分别采用结膜入路眶隔脂肪切除术、皮肤切口入路眶隔缩紧和眼轮匝肌瓣骨膜悬吊固定术、眶隔脂肪移位眶隔膜固定术进行治疗。结果：208例患者术后下睑皮肤平整,无睑退缩及下睑凹陷等并发症,下眶缘、眶鼻沟的凹陷得到明显矫正,下睑缘轮廓自然,远期随访效果满意。结论：针对睑袋形成原因及不同病理改变采用个体化手术设计,术后恢复快,并发症少,手术效果明显、稳定,患者满意度高。     

单孔腹腔镜在上尿路手术中的应用与体会（附45例报告）

目的总结单孔腹腔镜在上尿路手术中的应用与体会。方法采用单孔五通道,经后腹腔入路肾上腺腺瘤切除术20例、肾囊肿去顶减压术10例、肾癌根治术10例、输尿管切开取石术5例。记录围手术期并发症、手术时间、出血情况、引流管拔除时间、住院时间等。结果患者手术均取得成功,术中、术后均无明显并发症的发生。结论单孔腹腔镜在泌尿外科上尿路手术中的应用是安全和可行的,随着更多的临床实践、器械改进,单孔腹腔镜手术将有更完善和广阔的应用前景。     

腘以远动脉闭塞所致下肢严重缺血的血供重建

目的 评价腘以远动脉闭塞所致下肢严重缺血(critical limb ischemia,CLI)的血供重建.方法 回顾性分析2003年12月至2009年1月,腘以远动脉闭塞所致CLI行经皮血管腔内成形(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)和开放性重建(open reconstruction,OR)术的患者,详细记录患者的病史、病变特点、手术过程、并发症和随访信息.采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析重建血管通畅率和救肢率.结果 本组腘以远动脉闭塞所致CLI患者共167例,182条患肢.123条动脉硬化闭塞(arterios-clerosis occlusions,ASO)的患肢行腘以远动脉PTA治疗,33条血栓闭塞性脉管炎(thromboangiitis obliterans,TAO)和23条ASO患肢行腘以远动脉OR手术.PTA再管化通道6、12、24个月的通畅率分别是67%、54%和49%,其救肢率分别是91%、85%和78%,OR术后移植物6、12、24个月的通畅率分别是90%、83%和79%,其救肢率分别是92%、87%和80%,PTA重建血管的通畅率低于开放性手术(P＜0.05),但PTA和OR术的救肢率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对腘以远动脉ASO的CLI患者,PTA有效、安全,可作为首选治疗方式.PTA治疗失败可选择OR术.对TAO患者腘以远动脉闭塞者OR术仍是最好的治疗选择.

Abstract：

Objective To assess reconstructive options for critical limb ischaemia in infrapopliteal arteries. Methods A retrospective review of all CLI patients who underwent infrapopliteal reconstruction was carried out. Patient history, demographics, procedure details, complications, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed. Patency, limb salvage rate was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results During the period (from December 2003 to January 2008 ), 123 CLI patients with arteriosclerosis occlusions were treated on an intention-to-treat basis with infrapopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).Thirty-three thromboangiitis obliterans and twenty-three arteriosclerosis occlusions suffering CLI were treated by infrapopliteal bypass procedures. Primary patency and limb salvage rate of infrapopliteal PTA at 6, 12 and 24 months was 67%, 54%, 49% and 91%, 85%, 78% respectively, Primary patency and limb salvage rate of infrapopliteal surgical bypass at 6, 12 and 24 months was 90%, 83%, 79% and 92%,87%, 80% respectively, the patency of infrapopliteal PTA was lower than infrapopliteal surgical bypass (P ＜0. 01 ), but the limb salvage rate of infrapopliteal PTA and open surgery was no significant difference (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Endovascular treatment (PTA) in patients with infrapopliteal arteriosclerosis occlusions and critical ischaemia is safe, effective. Infrapopliteal PTA can be used as the choice of therapy and surgical bypass reserved in those endovascular treatment failed. While in CLI patients with thromboangiitis obliterans infrapopliteal artery bypass remains the best treatment option.     

The localization of PMCA1b in epithelial cells and aposomes of the rat coagulating gland is influenced by androgens

BACKGROUND: Rat coagulating gland epithelial cells export proteins by an apocrine secretion mode within membrane blebs arising from the apical plasma membrane. Using a pan-PMCA antibody, we have recently shown the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA) being part of the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells and incorporated into the aposomal membrane. The mRNA of PMCA isoforms 1 and 4 respectively, have been detected by RT-PCR in rat coagulating gland. METHODS: In order to identify which PMCA isoform is integrated into aposomes during apocrine secretion and whether or not PMCA export is influenced by androgens RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence experiments were performed. RESULTS: PMCA1b is the isoform which is expressed and located in the apical plasma membrane of coagulating gland epithelial cells and is integrated into the aposomal membrane. In contrast, PMCA4 mRNA and protein are restricted to the stroma. Androgen deprivation by castration within 14 days leads to an accumulation of PMCA1b in coagulating gland epithelium, while aposomes are not detected anymore. CONCLUSIONS: We showed for the first time that PMCA isoform 1b is released via aposomes of the epithelial cells of the rat coagulating gland and that the localization of PMCA1b in the epithelial cells is influenced by androgens.     

Efficacy of Trans-septal Trans-sphenoidal Surgery in Correcting Visual Symptoms Caused by Hematogenous Metastases to the Sella and Pituitary Gland

The rate of symptomatic improvement of visual symptoms associated with hematogenous metastases to the sella and pituitary was evaluated retrospectively in seven patients (five men, two women; mean age, 52.3 years) with primarily visual symptoms (diplopia alone in three, diplopia with blurred vision in one, blurred vision alone in one, loss of peripheral vision in one, and unilateral complete blindness in one). Symptom duration ranged from 0.5 to 2 months. The primary diseases were non-small cell lung cancer in two patients, renal cell carcinoma in two patients, prostate cancer in two patients, and medullary thyroid carcinoma in one patient. All patients had widespread metastatic disease. Three patients had a suprasellar tumoral component. One patient had a clival extension, and one patient had extension into the cavernous sinus. All underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery to correct visual symptoms. Gross total resection was achieved in three patients. Subtotal resections and a partial resection were performed in three patients and one patient, respectively. Surgical blood loss averaged 282 mL. One patient died from sepsis. Five patients developed complications (cerebrospinal fluid leakage in three, diabetes insipidus in two, anterior pituitary dysfunction in two, and colitis in one). At a mean follow-up of 15 months, three patients were alive. Visual symptoms improved in five patients and were unchanged in two. Trans-sphenoidal surgery helped improve visual symptoms in most patients. The morbidity rate was high and likely related to the locally destructive and extensive nature of the lesions in overall morbid patients with widespread metastatic disease. Unless nonoperative measures can provide equal results, however, this approach provides reasonable palliation.     

腋臭外科治疗的临床与病理观察

目的:探讨既可达到治疗彻底、疗效持久、局部美观,又无功能影响,为大家公认的腋臭外科手术术式.方法:对临床588例病例回顾总结及30例病理组织进行观察对比分析.结果:四种主要手术方法(术式)中传统的腋臭根治性切除术272例(其中一半行Z成形术)治疗彻底,只有3例(1.1%)有残留气味,但切口瘢痕长,要求修复瘢痕者有36例(包括外院手术后).吸刮抽吸术46例中治疗不够彻底近期发现残留气味者就有5例.超声抽吸者共43例,经过病理学检查30例中有22例有顶泌汗腺残留,说明单靠超声不能达到治疗目的.腋窝皱襞横形小切口分二层修剪掏出术共227例,有3例有残留气味,但从2007年后进一步改进修剪技术后从病理学观察证实可以达到无顶泌汗腺残留.结论:改良后的腋窝皱襞1～2个横切口(2.5～3cm),翻转皮瓣分二层剥离修剪(简称小切口分层修剪术)可以达到清除大小汗腺,使治疗彻底、并发症少、疗效持久、外形美观、无功能影响的效果.