Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiodrainage as Rescue Therapy for Symptomatic Biliary Leakage Without Biliary Tract Dilation After Major Surgery

Symptomatic biliary leakage following major upper abdominal surgery is a severe complication resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment options usually include either endoscopic intervention or surgical revision. These options may be burdened by a high perioperative risk for the patient (e.g., patients with severe disease) or simply may not be possible (e.g., nonpreserved gastroduodenal passage). In the past, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage did only seem to be a viable option for patients with dilated bile ducts. Here, we present our experience in a consecutive series of patients with symptomatic biliary leakage following major upper abdominal surgery and without dilation of the biliary system that underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage was feasible in 15 of 18 patients (83.3%). The procedure was technically not possible in three patients (16.7%). In 10 of the 15 patients (66.6%) with feasible percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage, biliary leakage was definitely controlled without the need for surgical revision. Depending on the experience with the interventional procedure, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage should be considered as an alternative for treatment of symptomatic biliary leakage instead of immediate reoperation. Presented at the Digestive Disease Week 2005 (DDW), Chicago, IL, May 14–19, 2005 (poster presentation).     

一种基于μ子进行核材料探测成像的模拟系统

宇宙射线斗子成像检测技术具有穿透力强、对高Z材料敏感等特点，特别适合检测特殊核材料，是监控核材料走私的有效方式之一。在搭建μ子成像检测硬件系统的同时，我们开发了一套针对实际硬件系统的模拟系统，并利用该系统开展斗子成像方法的研究。本文将介绍该模拟系统的有关情况，并给出利用该系统得到的仿真结果。相信这一工作将对实际宇宙射线μ子成像系统的设计给出指导意见。     

Posterior instability near extension is related to clinical disability in isolated posterior cruciate ligament deficient patients

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the magnitude of knee laxity and posterior instability at different knee flexion angles and clinical disability in isolated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficient patients. Knee laxity at 20° and 70° of knee flexion were evaluated using KT-2000 arthrometer, and the posterior instability at 20°, 45° and 90° of flexion were evaluated using stress radiography. We assessed the differences in the knee laxity and the tibial translation between isolated PCL deficient knees and normal knees, and between the patients with giving-way during activities of daily living (ADL) and without giving-way. There were statistical differences in the knee laxity and the tibial translation at all knee flexion angles between the PCL deficient knees and normal knees. The magnitude of the knee laxity at 20° of flexion measured with KT-2000 arthrometer was significantly larger in the patients with giving-way than those in the patients without giving-way although there was no significant difference in the tibial translation at 70° between the two groups. The tibial translation in both medial and lateral compartments at 20° and 45° measured with stress radiography were significantly larger in the patients with giving-way than those in the patients without giving-way although there was not significant difference at 90° between the two groups. These results suggested that the magnitude of the knee laxity and the posterior tibial translation at shallow knee flexion angles would be related to giving-way during ADL in isolated PCL deficient patients.     

Evaluation of postsurgical crestal bone levels adjacent to non‐submerged dental implants

In most of the studies on long-term radiographic evaluations of crestal bone levels adjacent to dental implants, no baseline radiographs taken immediately post-surgically had been obtained.The aim of this study was to test the reproducibility of a simple radiographic method for linear measurements of changes in bone levels and to evaluate changes in crestal bone levels adjacent co non-submerged ITI® implants 1 year following the surgical procedure. From 128 patients enrolled in a clinical and radiographic longitudinal study 40 patients also had radiographs taken immediately postsurgically. They were, however, not obtained as “identical” images. The radiographs were mounted onto slides and projected on a screen. Mesially and distally from 57 implants triplicate linear measurements of the distance implant shoulder to bone crest were taken, using known dimensions of the implants as internal reference distances. The median difference of 213 (out of 228 possible) duplicate measurements was 0.00 mm (ranging from ?1.72 mm to +1.47 mm when comparing the second co the third reading). Some 81% of the double measurements were within ±0.5 mm and the precision was 0.30 mm. In the immediate postoperative radiographs the median mesial bone level was located at 2.07 mm (distally 2.19 mm) from the implant shoulder. A statistically significant amount of bone loss in the first year was observed mesially (median=?0.78 mm) and distally (0.85 mm)(Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test ±0.001). No statistically significant influence of the implant location, the implant length, type of the implant (screw; cylinder) was observed (Kruskal-Wallis P>0.05).The age of the patients was not correlated significantly to the amount of bone loss observed. In conclusion, methodological limitations existed when evaluating linear bone changes in non-identical radiographs using reference dimensions of the implants. The amount of postsurgical bone loss estimated in other studies was confirmed when using an immediate postoperative radiograph as a baseline.     

CT对眼球异物的诊断及定位

本文比较了11例眼球异物CT与X线影像，并经手术摘出异物证实，CT眼球异物检出及定位准确性均优于X线，尤其对球壁异物的定位，而且能显示断层眼球壁轮廓，具有直观效果，CT异物影像比异物明显扩大，应警惕CT伪影可能使球壁异物定位发生误差，CT目前尚不能完全取代眼球异物常规X线检查。     

河南省传染性非典型肺炎患者胸部X线表现

目的 :探讨传染性非典型肺炎的X线表现及变化规律。方法 :对河南省临床诊断的 1 5例患者发病后不同时间的系列胸片和CT进行回顾性分析。结果 :1 5例胸部X线病灶初始形态为斑片状 1 1例 (73.3% ) ,大片状 4例 (2 6 .7% ) ;双侧 9例 (6 0 .0 % ) ,单侧 6例 (4 0 .0 % ) ,均为中、下肺野 (1 0 0 % )。动态观察发现病变进展快 ,病变发展到高峰期时间为 4～ 1 4d , x±s(7.7± 3.2 )d ,双侧 1 3例 (86 .7% ) ,单侧 2例 (1 3.3% ) ,两肺叶及两肺叶以上病变者 1 4例 (93.3% )。病变开始吸收时间为 6～ 2 1d , x±s(1 1 .3± 4 .1 )d ;完全或基本吸收时间 8～ 2 6d , x±s(1 6 .4± 5 .0 )d。1 5例经治疗均痊愈出院。住院时间 1 8～ 4 2d , x±s(31 .9± 7.9)d。 结论 :传染性非典型肺炎的胸部X线特点为急性双侧或单侧多叶炎性浸润阴影 ,以中、下野常见 ,进展迅速 ,及时复查胸部X线对临床诊断及判断病情具有重要价值。     

原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的影像学诊断

目的 探讨X线、CT及血管造影对原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的诊断价值及鉴别诊断。资料与方法 回顾分析经手术和／或病理证实的46例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的l临床及影像学资料，46例全部作过十二指肠气钡双对比造影，并有13例作低张十二指肠插管造影；28例作CT检查；11例作数字减影血管造影。结果 胃十二指肠双对比造影及低张十二指肠插管诊断十二指肠癌24例；平滑肌肉瘤6例；恶性淋巴瘤4例。诊断总符合率为73．91％(34／46)。误诊率为17．39％(8／46)，漏诊率为8．7％(4／46)。CT检查28例，确诊十二指肠癌4例，平滑肌肉瘤7例。误诊为腹腔脓肿2例，平滑肌瘤6例，腹腔恶性肿瘤9例。诊断符合率为39．29％(11／28)，误诊率为60．71％(17／28)。血管造影11例，9例检出病变，6例确诊为十二指肠恶性肿瘤，3例误为良性肿瘤，2例未发现明显肿瘤血管。确诊率为54．55％(6／11)，误、漏诊率分别为27．27％(3／11)、18．18％(2／11)。结论 胃十二指肠气钡双对比造影是发现十二指肠恶性肿瘤最简单易行的方法，它和胃镜配合能得到病理学诊断。低张十二指肠插管造影对重度肠腔狭窄或阻塞患者显示病变范围起补充作用。CT能显示管外型恶性肿瘤的软组织块影及管壁破坏和有无淋巴结肿大。血管造影能根据血供来源明确钡餐难发现、CT仅显示与肠管无明显联系的平滑肌肉瘤，并可进行栓塞IE血治疗。     

肺栓塞1例

[背景 ]对肺栓塞的认识普遍较低 ,容易漏诊、误诊 .[病例报告 ]患者年龄为 5 7岁 ,女性 ,以原因不明的呼吸困难为主要症状 ,超声心动图检查示右心房右心室扩大及肺动脉高压 .进一步做CT肺血管造影检查确诊为肺栓塞 .[讨论 ]可根据临床表现及非特异性检查 (胸部X线片、超声波及心电图等检查 )确诊肺栓塞 ,当疑似为肺栓塞时可做有确诊意义的CT肺血管造影检查 .     

双能量胸部DR对筛查冠状动脉钙化的意义:与多排螺旋CT的比较性研究

目的探讨胸部双能量DR骨骼像在筛查冠脉钙化中的意义。方法35例患者分别行右前斜位胸部双能量DR检查及多排螺旋CT(MDCT)冠状动脉扫描并记录照射后射线的体表入射剂量ESD(mGy)。2位高年资放射科医师及2位低年资医师分析双能量胸片骨骼像,对LAD、LCX、RCA共105条血管的钙化情况进行评估。CT扫描图像进行钙化积分分析。以钙化积分>300为金标准,对双能量DR的结果进行ROC分析。结果DR胸片平均阳性率27.6%(29/105),其中LAD阳性率48.5%(17/35);LCX22.8%(8/35);RCA 11.4%(4/35)。4位医师的ROC结果显示曲线下面积分别为0.866、0.854、0.725、0.642。胸部DR照射平均体表入射剂量为(0.469±0.22)mGy;多排CT入射剂量为(12.29±1.40)mGy。两者经配对t检验有显著差异。结论DR骨骼片可以检出较明显的冠状动脉钙化,对冠心病的筛查和病情的检测有一定的临床意义。     

新生儿肠旋转不良的诊治分析

目的 分析新生儿期先天性肠旋转不良的临床特点及诊治方法。方法 回顾分析1996～2003年12例新生儿期先天性肠旋转不良，男10例，女2例，就诊时出生7～75d，平均45d，术前均经泛影葡胺口服及灌肠造影确诊后行Ladd术，附加阑尾切除术。结果本组1例术后并发粘连性肠梗阻二次手术行粘连松解术，其余11例无并发症，全部治愈出院。结论 本病的发病机制是由于并发急性肠扭转所致高位十二指肠的梗阻，主要临床特点是反复间断性胆汁性呕吐，口服和灌肠的消化道造影是诊断本病的最可靠依据。Ladd式手术是本病手术治疗的最佳选择，且效果满意。