超声误诊静脉内平滑肌瘤病1例

正患者女,46岁,因反复胸闷气促入院。5年前曾有子宫多发肌瘤病史。超声心动图检查:右房增大,内见一大小约4.3 cm×5.1 cm稍强回声占位,呈类圆形(图1),随心脏舒缩而运动,CDFI于瘤体两侧探及舒张期三尖瓣口五彩镶嵌的射流束(图2)。下腔静脉宽约2.5 cm,内见条状低回声占位,其长度约18.2 cm(图3),CDFI探及下腔静脉内细条状血流信号。超声提示:(1)血     

96例左心房黏液瘤的外科治疗

目的 总结96例左心房黏液瘤的外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析手术治疗的96例原发性左心房黏液瘤患者的临床资料.手术同期行二尖瓣成形14例,二尖瓣机械瓣置换术7例,冠状动脉旁路移植术4例.结果 96例左心房黏液瘤均经手术成功切除.术后患者血流动力学平稳,无严重心律失常及栓塞等并发症.随访10个月-5年,仅1例在术后1年复发.结论 确诊左心房黏液瘤后应尽早手术;完整切除肿瘤是避免术后复发的关键.     

Streptococcus oralis Meningitis with Gingival Bleeding in a Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

An 81-year-old man with a history of gingival bleeding presented with a fever, headache, and drowsiness. His mouth and full dentures were unsanitary. Laboratory tests revealed Streptococcus oralis meningitis caused by odontogenic bacteremia. We reviewed eight reported cases, including the present case, because S. oralis meningitis is rare. Our review indicated that S. oralis meningitis needs to be considered when encountering cases of a fever, disturbance of consciousness, and headache with episodes of possible odontogenic bacteremia.     

Two decades of atrial tumour

We have reported 19 patients with atrial tumour. The long follow-up(5–19 years, mean 10 years) of the 17 patients with leftatrial myxoma has been described. No patient showed evidenceof recurrence of the tumour, although three patients have unexplainedshadows—probably artifactual—on echocardiography.The limitations ofechocardiography and importance of clinicalindicators are stressed. One patient had a rhabdomyosarcoma of the left atrium and diedone year after operation. Certain features differentiated thispatient from those with myxoma. It is concluded that true atrial myxoma does not metastasize.Reports in the literature of metastasizing left atrial myxomaprobably refer to malignant tumours simulating myxoma. Variationsfrom the typical clinical and haemodynamic picture of atrialmyxoma should arouse suspicion of malignancy. Careful microscopicexamination of the tumour is essential.     

胃丛状纤维黏液瘤1例

患者男,48岁,体检发现腹腔肿物半年余,无腹痛、腹泻等。查体未见明显异常。实验室检查:血清CA125升高(181.61 U/ml)。腹部CT示肝胃间隙见约9.4 cm×7.3 cm×11.4 cm囊实性肿块,平扫CT值21 HU,边界清楚,增强后动脉期实性部分CT值42 HU(图1A),静脉期CT值93 HU。腹部MRI示肝胃间隙巨大囊实性肿块,T1WI及脂肪抑制T2WI均呈稍长信号(图1B),增强后实性部分呈渐进性明显强化,囊性部分未见强化(图1C)。影像学诊断:肝胃间隙富血供肿瘤,考虑肝脏来源。     

Pseudomalignancies of the head and neck

Pseudomalignancies are benign or reactive lesions that mimic malignant neoplasms either clinically or histologically. In the head and neck region there are a number of pseudomalignancies that may present to a histopathologist, including soft tissue lesions, benign odontogenic tumours and salivary gland pathology. In this review we discuss common pseudomalignant lesions that may present in the head and neck, including their clinical presentation, histopathological features and differential diagnosis.     

Assessment of Hounsfield unit in the differential diagnosis of odontogenic cysts

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of Hounsfield unit (HU) assessment with multislice-CT in the differentiation of radicular cysts (RCs), dentigerous cysts (DCs) and odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs).Methods:In total, 307 odontogenic cysts (RCs, DCs and OKCs) were included in this study. Cysts with lesion diameter <10 mm, cysts with artefacts affecting measurement of HU values, cysts involving infection and recurrent cysts were regarded as exclusion criteria. Images were acquired in three different types of CT scanners: Aquilion ONE, Discovery CT750 HD and SOMATOM Definition Flash. Differences in HU values among scanners and among types of odontogenic cysts were assessed using one-way analysis of variance; multiple comparisons were performed post hoc, using the Tukey–Kramer honestly significant difference test.Results:In total, 164 cysts were analysed in this study (64 RCs, 57 DCs and 43 OKCs). Regardless of the type of lesion, the Aquilion ONE scanner demonstrated a significant difference in HU value, compared with the Discovery CT750 HD scanner. Regardless of CT scanner model, HU values significantly differed between DCs and OKCs (p < 0.0001), as well as between OKCs and RCs (p < 0.0001).Conclusions:HU values were found to vary among CT scanners and should always be associated with other lesion imaging features while interpreting and elaboration diagnostic hypothesis. Notably, the results suggested that OKCs might be able to be differentiated from DCs and RCs by using HU values.     

Potential Roles of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 in the Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Cells

IntroductionThe differentiation of dental pulp cells (DPCs) plays an important role in the repair of dental pulp injury. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is one of the most effective BMPs to induce the differentiation of stem cells. However, the role of BMP9 in promoting the odontogenic differentiation of DPCs and dentinogenesis is worth knowing.MethodsFluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to detect the BMP9 expression in human dental pulp. BMP9 was overexpressed in human DPCs (hDPCs), and the mineralization of hDPCs was tested by alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining. The expression of odontogenic differentiation-related genes was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The subcutaneous transplantation experiment was performed to test the odonto-induction ability of BMP9 in vivo. The rat direct pulp-capping experiment was performed to test the function of BMP9 in promoting dentin formation.ResultsBMP9 showed an increased expression in odontoblast layer at both the mRNA and protein levels. BMP9 enhanced the mineralization and induced the expression of odontogenic differentiation-related genes in hDPCs. More mineralized nodules, and increased expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1) were detected in the beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold/cells composites of BMP9 group compared with the control group. Meanwhile, there was thicker reparative dentin formation in the BMP9 group in the rat pulp exposure experiment.ConclusionsBMP9 participates in the process of DPC differentiation and promotes DPC mineralization and dentinogenesis. BMP9 might be a potential therapeutic target in the repair of dental pulp injury.     

Influence of Preoperative Mechanical Allodynia on Predicting Postoperative Pain after Root Canal Treatment: A Prospective Clinical Study

IntroductionOdontogenic pain can manifest as pulpal pain, periapical pain (mechanical allodynia), or both. This study aimed to assess the changes in the intensity of mechanical allodynia (MA) and to identify predictors of postoperative pain after root canal treatment (RCT).MethodsIn total, 579 consecutive patients who required RCT were enrolled; we included patients with asymptomatic pulpal diagnoses to avoid any effects of preoperative spontaneous pain on postoperative pain and to evaluate MA independently. Using a visual analog scale (VAS), patients separately indicated the intensity of spontaneous pain, tenderness to percussion, and pain on biting; these measurements were performed before treatment (preoperative pain), at the beginning of each visit (postpreparation pain), and daily for 1 week after RCT (postobturation pain). For analytical purposes, patients were subdivided into 2 groups based on the intensity of preoperative MA (none to mild [VAS <4] or moderate to severe [VAS ≥4]) to evaluate changes in MA and predictive factors of moderate to severe postoperative pain. A generalized estimating equation, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and logistic regression analysis were used.ResultsAlthough the intensity of MA was significantly higher in the moderate to severe group after the initiation of RCT (P < .05), 93% of them experienced alleviation in MA, and 30% of patients in the none to mild group experienced an increase in MA. After adjusting for clinical variables, moderate to severe preoperative MA and the presence of necrotic pulp were significantly correlated with moderate to severe postoperative pain with an odds ratio of 4.107 and 0.286, respectively.ConclusionsModerate to severe preoperative MA was a predictive factor of postoperative pain in patients undergoing RCT.