Quality Assessment of Mixed and Ceramic Recycled Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Wastes in the Concrete Manufacture According to the Spanish Standard ?

Construction and demolition waste (CDW) constitutes an increasingly significant problem in society due to the volume generated, rendering sustainable management and disposal problematic. The aim of this study is to identify a possible reuse option in the concrete manufacturing for recycled aggregates with a significant ceramic content: mixed recycled aggregates (MixRA) and ceramic recycled aggregates (CerRA). In order to do so, several tests are conducted in accordance with the Spanish Code on Structural Concrete (EHE-08) to determine the composition in weight and physic-mechanical characteristics (particle size distributions, fine content, sand equivalent, density, water absorption, flakiness index, and resistance to fragmentation) of the samples for the partial inclusion of the recycled aggregates in concrete mixes. The results of these tests clearly support the hypothesis that this type of material may be suitable for such partial replacements if simple pretreatment is carried out. Furthermore, this measure of reuse is in line with European, national, and regional policies on sustainable development, and presents a solution to the environmental problem caused by the generation of CDW.     

探析药品注册管理课堂教学内容与方法有机融合

目的：以人民卫生出版社出版的《药事管理学》6版教材为蓝本，以本科阶段教学效果提高为指标，探讨改进课堂教学的方法。方法：以"药品注册管理"一章教学内容为例，筛选、调整和优化教学方法。结果：教学过程中，按照教学内容特点选择适宜教学方法，确定"教学方法与内容相融合"的课堂教学模式，在完成教学大纲基础上，适当增加执业药师及药学时事相关内容。结论：根据现代学生获取知识途径，充分利用高新技术背景下"智慧教室"资源，采取传统与现代教学方法相结合的教学模式，使课堂理论教学相关内容在以教材内容为主的前提下与国家当前药事时事相关联，可以增加学生课堂学习兴趣、培养自主学习习惯，从而提高教师教学能力和教学质量，实现培养具备专业知识、技能和法律、道德素养的药学应用型综合人才的预期目标。     

Cutaneous adult xanthogranuloma with a small portion of BRAFV600E mutated Langerhans cell histiocytosis populations: A case report and the review of published work

Histiocytoses, including Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), juvenile or adult xanthogranuloma (AXG) and Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD), are rare disorders characterized by the proliferation of cells derived from monocyte/macrophage lineages. A few cases of LCH coexisting with xanthogranuloma or RDD have been reported. The etiology of these diseases remains unclear. However, oncogenic BRAF^V600E mutations have been identified in LCH. Here, we report the case of a 26‐year‐old Japanese man with a 3‐month history of a solitary occipital nodule. No abnormality was detected in his other organs, and a total resection of the nodule was performed. Histopathological examination revealed the coexistence of LCH and AXG with prominent emperipolesis characteristic of RDD. Immunohistochemistry showed that most of the large histiocytes were positive for CD68, weakly positive or negative for S100, and negative for CD207 and CD1a, supporting the diagnosis of AXG. The tumor cells with emperipolesis did not show S100‐positive findings characteristic of RDD. The focally aggregated oval histiocytic cells were positive for CD1a, CD207, CD68 and S100, and were compatible with the immunophenotype of LCH cells. In addition, these cells were positive for BRAF^V600E mutation. The tumor cells in our patient exhibited a cellular morphology characteristic of multiple histiocytoses in a solitary cutaneous nodule, which may imply an etiological association among LCH, AXG and RDD. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a BRAF^V600E mutation‐positive case of LCH coexisting with AXG. Because patients with BRAF^V600E mutation have higher risks of multisystemic LCH and recurrence, we should carefully follow up the patient.     

Prevalence of dental erosion and related factors in the deciduous dentition of Japanese children

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to clarify the prevalence of dental erosion in the deciduous dentition of child patients, and to identify dietary habits and other factors related to dental erosion.MethodsA total of 116 weaned child patients (67 boys, 49 girls) aged 2–6 years who attended the outpatient pediatric dental clinic of a university hospital for treatment or a periodic checkup were included in the study. A questionnaire survey of the patients' dietary habits and a clinical examination were performed. Dentition was divided into four areas, and responses to erosion-related questions were evaluated for each area using multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of subjects with erosion, including pre-erosion lesions without tooth surface defects, was 86%; the prevalence of advanced erosion accompanied by tooth surface defects was 34%. Some food- and drink-related items were found to be significantly associated with erosion of the maxillary anterior teeth but not the mandibular teeth. Medication, use of fluoride, and past dental or medical history did not have any significant effect on erosion in any of the four areas.ConclusionsThe occurrence of dental erosion in deciduous dentition and factors related to its appearance were clarified for each area. An epidemiological survey is required to further reveal the state of deciduous dental erosion in Japanese children and to investigate the necessity of, and, if necessary, establish relevant guidelines for the prevention of dental erosion.