原发性小肠肿瘤的误诊分析及对策

目的:探讨原发性小肠肿瘤的误诊原因及预防措施。方法:回顾性分析两所医院8年和6年来收治的13例原发性小肠肿瘤的临床资料。结果:最常见的临床表现为腹痛、腹部肿块、肠梗阻、消化道出血等。术前正确诊断率为23.1%(3/13)。13例均经手术治疗,其中,良性肿瘤6例,恶性肿瘤7例,11例获随访,死亡1例。结论:小肠肿瘤缺乏特异性临床表现,检查手段相对不足,容易误诊。临床医生应提高对小肠肿瘤的认识,及时剖腹探查是可靠的诊断方法。     

脑静脉窦血栓形成的诊断和治疗（附3例报告）

目的探讨脑静脉窦血栓形成的临床表现及影像学特征,减少该病误诊率及死亡率。方法描述我院收治的3例患者临床表现、辅助检查及治疗情况。结果3例患者均有非特异性的头痛和神经功能障碍。3例均行头颅磁共振成像及磁共振静脉血管显影检查,明确诊断为静脉窦血栓形成,1例行数字减影血管显影检查的患者,证实有静脉窦血栓形成。所有患者均行降颅压及抗凝治疗,同时给病因治疗及对症支持治疗,1例行尿激酶局部溶栓,3例患者均好转。结论脑静脉窦血栓形成的临床表现缺乏特异性,误诊率高,确诊有赖于影像学检查,抗凝治疗是一种安全有效的方法。     

回肠、回盲部结核误诊1例

目的：通过对1例回盲部结核误诊分析,找出误诊原因及减少误诊对策。方法：对1例回盲部结核患者的临床资料进行分析。结果：肠结核临床表现多样,继发性肠结核并非总来自肺结核。结论：误诊原因主要：认识不足;思路狭窄;本症临床表现特异性差。     

Application of serum PSA to identify acute bacterial prostatitis in patients with fever of unknown origin or symptoms of acute pyelonephritis

BACKGROUND: Exclusion of prostatitis in screening for prostate cancer (Cap) is a matter of concern in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) era. Yet, the identification of acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP), intentionally utilizing PSA in patients with pyrexia has been scarcely reported. METHODS: In total, 39 men, who presented at our department with a fever higher than 38.3 degrees C, were randomly selected. We investigated the fraction of patients who had serum PSA levels higher than 4.0 ng/ml and categorized them according to an initial diagnosis of pyelonephritis, ABP, other urogenital infections, and fever of unknown origin (FUO). RESULTS: Six of nine cases initially diagnosed as pyelonephritis, presented with elevated PSA levels between 9.5 and 75.1 ng/ml. All six cases of clinically diagnosed prostatitis had PSA elevated between 4.1 and 13.6 ng/ml. In 8 of 18 FUO cases, PSA was elevated between 5.1 and 77.0 ng/ml. PSA levels significantly correlated with age (P < 0.005). All 20 patients with elevated PSA received antibiotics, and serum PSA was significantly reduced in all cases (P < 0.001) together with the alleviation of fever and normalization of CRP. CONCLUSIONS: PSA is a prompt and steady diagnostic tool for identifying ABP that might be missed or misdiagnosed. We recommend the measurement of PSA in cases not only with urologic infection but also puzzling pyrexia.     

综合医院住院病人整体诊疗中的问题及对策

目的：分析综合医院外科住院患儿综合治疗中存在的问题并探讨应对措施。方法：以外科性疾病住院的12岁以下儿童302例为研究对象,采取随机抽查病历、查阅医嘱的方法对28项诊治内容进行综合评价分析。结果;抗生素使用不合理比较明显,无充分依据的预防性使用抗生素占58％,剂量过大或过小占31％,用法不合理占22％,疗程及其它错误占8％;使用解热镇痛药、镇静安眠药及抗过敏药存在剂量问题分别占48％、18％及36％;存在使用儿童禁用或慎用的耳毒性药物和喹诺酮类药物现象;对89％的患儿没有认真计算热卡、液量、液体质量、输液速度,几乎对100％的患儿未注意心理护理和处理。结论：综合医院专科以处的系统综合诊疗问题比较普遍和突出,病人作为一个整体的系统诊疗被忽视。建立“以病人为中心“的多学科整体诊疗模式是解决目前综合医院普遍存在的“全“与“专“矛盾的理想方式。     

夹层动脉瘤570例临床确诊及误、漏 诊原因分析

目的分析夹层动脉瘤（AD）早期确诊和误诊的原因。方法选取2003-01-2006—05太原市中心医院和中国期刊网全文数据库1994-01-2006-05主动脉夹层动脉瘤早期诊断病例和误诊病例570例。所有病人均经X线或彩色多普勒超声（CFDI）检查或磁共振（MRI）、CT或数字减影（DSA渡）确诊，确诊标准为发现假腔或游离膜片。早期确诊AD的病人277例，男225例、女52例。误诊病人293例，男235例、女58例。结果早期确诊AD和误诊病人在性别、高血压、冠心病、胸痛、双侧肢体血压不对称、心脏异常杂音、Stanford分型等临床表现差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；心电图检查率、CT检查率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。超声检查率、MRI检查率、DSA检查率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论根据AD病人的初始症状、发病过程、心电图改变极易误诊，急诊应用各种影像学检查可以明显提高其早期诊断。     

Pitfalls of chromosome analysis

ABSTRACT In order to perform precise chromosome analysis, we have to have enough knowledge of cytogenetics, refined techniques and good communication between clinicians and cytogeneticists. This short note shows several examples of easily misdiagnosed chromosome abnormality and several suggestions for precise cytogenetic diagnosis.     

成人股骨头坏死误诊为腰椎间盘突出症临床分析

目的探讨股骨头坏死误诊为腰椎间盘突出症的原因及避免误诊的措施。方法对5例股骨头坏死误诊为腰椎间盘突出症临床资料进行综合分析。结果本组5例行髋关节X线片诊断为股骨头缺血性坏死。2例在我院行髋关节置换术,3例保守治疗。结论重视股骨头坏死与腰椎间盘突出症的临床特点,仔细体格检查,详细阅读X线片,必要时行MRI检查则可以避免误诊。     

"脑膜瘤"MRI误诊分析

目的　研究MRI在脑膜瘤诊断实践中的差距。方法　 15 2例经MR扫描初诊为脑膜瘤的病例与手术、病理相对照 ,从中遴选出诊断不符合的 16例进行分析。结果　脑膜瘤误诊为其他肿瘤的共 10例 ,占 6.5 % ;其他肿瘤误诊为脑膜瘤的共 6例 ,占4%。总误诊率为 10 .5 %。结论　因组织学结构复杂、设备性能和扫描技术 ,构成了MRI对脑膜瘤误诊的不可避免性 ;而舍弃年龄、部位的先入思想、注重典型特征、仔细阅片及善用病史等 ,又是提高符合率的关键。