A One–Step, Operator–Independent Method for Isolating Islets of Langerhans from the Porcine Pancreas

Abstract: Large–scale isolation of islets of Langerhans is one of the major obstacles in islet transplantation. Until now, isolation methods relied on enzymatic digestion, the duration of which relies on a decision dictated by the operator's experience. This approach has always hindered development of an automated method. The aim of this study was to develop a one–step method based on complete digestion of the pancreas. The original aspect of the technique (derived from the Ricordi method) is use of the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution in the digestion medium and a continuous flow collagenase processing circuit with local cooling and rewarming to allow tissue digestion to proceed at 37°C while settling of the cell suspension takes place at 4°C. A stopcock system permits the alternate use of two settling chambers so that while one is in the circuit, the other can be removed for cen–trifugation, resuspension of the crude islet preparation in collagenase in free UW solution, and further purification in a density gradient system. Ten experiments were performed, and 545, 750 ± 48, 670 purified pig islets were obtained per totally digested pancreas. Histological studies showed cell integrity. Insulin secretion in response to double glucose stimulation under perfusion conditions demonstrated the functional viability of the isolated islets. In conclusion, this one–step method makes it possible to obtain a high number of viable islets of Langerhans in the absence of any decision by an operator, and it should therefore provide basis for an automated method.     

植酸磷的测定──离子交换法

介绍用离子交换法测定植酸磷的含量。对消化终点、最适的提取时间、离子交换树脂的分离效果进行了试验。黄豆粉、窝窝头、豆腐干植酸测得值的变异系数分别为２．１６％、４．９２％、１．７８％，回收率依次为１０３．３８％、１０２．８１％、１０３．４１％。植酸标准品的植酸含量理论值为５７．６４％，本法测定值为５５．２３％，相对误差为２．１４％。本法的精密度及准确度均符合要求。     

萃取—钼蓝比色法测定杞菊地黄口服液总磷脂含量

本文采用folch试剂萃取,以钼蓝比色法对14枇杞菊地黄口服液中总磷脂成分进行了含量测定。分析结果表明,回收率的变异系数为2.18%,该法简便准确,专一性强,为杞菊地黄口服液的内在质量控制提供了分析方法。     

模拟病例教学方法在儿科护理学教学中的应用

在儿科护理学教学中采用模拟病例教学方法,旨在探寻提高儿科护理学实习质量的新途径.在儿科护理学教学中,将学生分为对照组和实验组,从理论授课阶段、见习阶段和实习阶段逐步实施模拟病例教学方法,并对教学效果进行了讨论和评价.     

显微定量法测定中成药中猪牙皂的含量

目的 :制定猪牙皂在脐风散与惊风散中的显微定量标准。方法 :用显微定量法 ,以猪牙皂特有的石细胞为显微特征物 ,对脐风散与惊风散中的猪牙皂进行测定。结果 :猪牙皂含量与每毫克特征数呈显著的线性正相关 ,回归方程为 y =61 .42 x -1 .1 0× 1 0 - 3(γ=1 .0 0 ,α=0 .0 5 )。结论 :显微定量法测定脐风散与惊风散中猪牙皂的含量是可行的 ,结果可靠     

免疫接种服务中一次性注射器处理方法及成本分析

利用山东省和陕西省现场调查资料,分析了2省不同层次医疗机构的一次性注射器的处理方式,并通过计算不同处理方式的成本,提出具有成本效果的一次性注射器的处理方式。结果表明:消毒/毁形、焚烧、掩埋和回收是主要的处理方法,在被调查的所有医疗机构中,没有一家医疗机构使用安全盒处理使用过的一次性注射器。由于没有使用规定的焚烧设备,实际调查结果表明,焚烧和掩埋的处理成本相对较低,是目前在村卫生室水平最适合的一次性注射器处理方法,而对于乡级和县级卫生机构而言,消毒/毁形和回收是目前较为适宜的处理一次性注射器的方法。     

"提高意识"活动在大学英语精读课中的体现 --对医学护理专业学生精读课改革的重新思考

语法翻译教学法多年来一直主宰着大学英语精读课的教学。随着中国经济突飞猛进的发展,各行各业的人们与国外同行交流的机会和要求也随之增加。面对社会发展而带来的这种变化,显然,古老传统的教学方法已不能适应。通过具体详尽的理论分析,对语法翻译教学法提出了自己的看法。     

膳食纤维分析方法的简化

对ＳｅｌｖｅｎｄｒａｎＲＲ等人的冷中性洗涤剂纤维提取分析法（ＣＮＤＦ）进行简化，改变了各溶剂的处理时间，省去了湿球研磨与超声波处理步骤。将原法中ＳＬＳ－ＰＡＷ－ＤＷＳＯ处理时间１５ｈ，３０ｍｉｎ和１６ｈ分别延长为２２ｈ，４０ｍｉｎ与２２ｈ，化学分析与透射电镜观察结果表明，简化法对膳食纤维的提取分析效果与原推荐法相同，更加方便与实用。     

Vasomotion in rat diaphragm microcirculation at rest and during stepwise arterial pressure reduction

The effect of haemorrhagic hypotension on the incidence, frequency and relative amplitude of vasomotion in rat diaphragm microcirculation was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Graded bleeding to four hypotension levels (80, 60, 40 and 30% of the control state) were performed in 24 Sprague–Dawley rats. The incidence of vasomotion was 83% in the control state, 96% at the 80% level, 100% at the 60% level, 96% at the 40% level, and 46% at the 30% level. The median fundamental frequency of vasomotion determined manually during the control state and at the hypotension levels (in descending order) was 4.11 (range, 3.29–5.58) cycles min^?1 (cpm), 4.48 (3.21–5.92) cpm, 4.20 (3.5–5.56) cpm, 4.01 (3.33–5.36) cpm, 3.71 (3.25–4.49) cpm (P < 0.01 from the fundamental frequency at 80 and 60% hypotension levels). The median relative amplitudes determined manually during the control state and descending hypotension levels were 44.5% (range, 24.9–135.9%), 69.4% (26.6–147.2%), 84.0% (40.3–177.1%) (P < 0.01 from resting and last stage of bleeding), 90.40% (26.2–189.6%) (P < 0.01 from resting and last stage of bleeding), 69.2% (35.6–93.2%). We concluded first that during the resting condition, vasomotion was frequently present in diaphragm microcirculation, which is distinct from other vascular beds of skeletal muscles. Second, the relative amplitude of vasomotion during haemorrhagic hypotension plotted against decreasing blood pressure exhibited a reverse U-shaped curve with a maximum at 40–60% of the control blood pressure, while the frequency of vasomotion remained relatively constant until the last stage of haemorrhage and centred around 3–5 cpm.     

Efficacy of ivermectin for chronic strongyloidiasis: two single doses given 2 weeks apart

We assessed the efficacy and adverse effects of ivermectin for the treatment of chronic strongyloidiasis. Fifty patients were treated with a single dose of ivermectin at approximately 200 μg/kg, and the dose was repeated 2 weeks later. The eradication rate was 96% (48 of 50 patients) at 2 weeks after the first dose and 98% at 2 weeks after the second dose (49 of 50 patients). In the latter cases, no recurrence was noted at the end of the 4-month post-treatment follow-up period. The gastrointestinal symptoms observed most frequently before the treatment were borborygmus, constipation, and diarrhea. These symptoms improved in the majority of patients after the treatment. Side effects, including nausea and vomiting, occurred in 1 patient (2%), but these were mild and transient. Although abnormal values in laboratory tests were observed in 4 patients (8%), they were mild, and no particular clinical care was required. Thus, ivermectin showed an excellent antihelminthic effect, with little toxicity. Our results indicate that a regimen of two single doses of 200 μg/kg ivermectin, given 2 weeks apart, is clinically suitable for the treatment of chronic strongyloidiasis. Received: April 25, 2001 / Accepted: November 16, 2001