Predictors of weight maintenance after hospital discharge in adolescent anorexia nervosa

OBJECTIVE: To analyze variables that predict weight maintenance in adolescent anorexia nervosa. METHOD: The Eating Attitudes Test, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Leyton Obsessional Inventory, the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire were administered to 49 anorexia nervosa patients (mean age 14.3 years, SD 1.7) consecutively admitted to an eating disorder unit. They were evaluated at admission, at discharge, and after nine months follow-up. RESULTS: At discharge, patients had improved in body mass index (p < .001), eating attitudes (p = .002), depressive symptomatology (p = .001), and motivation to change (p < .001). Patients with good weight maintenance at follow-up had higher body mass index (p = .017) at admission, lower abnormal eating attitudes (p = .035), depressive symptomatology (p = .026), and higher motivation to change (p = .004) at discharge. Logistic regression analysis showed a high motivation to change at discharge and a high body mass index at admission to be predictors of weight maintenance. CONCLUSION: High motivation to change, low abnormal eating attitudes, depressive symptomatology at discharge, and high body mass index at admission are associated with weight maintenance in adolescent anorexia nervosa.     

Novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in a renal transplant recipient: Case report

An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) started in Wuhan, China, with cases now confirmed in multiple countries. The clinical course of patients remains to be fully characterized, clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute renal failure, and no pharmacological therapies of proven efficacy yet exist. We report a case of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in a renal transplant recipient with excellent outcome. This case states the importance of close monitoring of the concentration of cyclosporine in patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir; the routine treatment of corticosteroid can be continued. This is a rare report of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in a renal transplant recipient. Further data are needed to achieve better understanding of the impact of immunosuppressive therapy on the clinical presentation, severity, and outcome of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in solid organ transplant recipients.     

微炎症与维持性血液透析患者主动脉弓钙化的相关性研究

目的　了解维持性血液透析（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）患者主动脉弓钙化发生情况,分析微炎症与MHD患者主动脉弓钙化的相关性。 方法　选取2018年10月至2020年12月在泰州市人民医院血液净化中心进行规律血液透析的MHD患者71例,收集患者的一般临床资料、临床生化结果。采用酶联免疫吸附法（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测白介素-37（interleukin-37,IL-37）。胸部X线计算主动脉弓钙化评分,依据评分分为无钙化/轻度钙化组30例（42%）和中重度钙化41例（58%）两组。比较两组患者的一般临床资料、临床生化结果及IL-37;采用Spearman法分析钙化程度与各指标之间的相关性;logistic回归分析钙化的影响因素;ROC曲线评估血小板/淋巴细胞计数（platelet to lymphocyte ratio,PLR）对于主动脉弓中重度钙化的敏感性及特异性。 结果　中重度钙化组年龄、透析年限、矫正钙均高于无钙化/轻度钙化组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。生化指标：中重度钙化组中性粒细胞计数/淋巴细胞计数（neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR）、PLR、IL-37均高于无钙化/轻度钙化组,活性维生素D、非含钙磷结合剂均低于无钙化/轻度钙化组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。血管钙化程度与IL-37、NLR、PLR、年龄、矫正钙、透析年限呈正相关(均P＜0.05),与活性维生素D、非含钙磷结合剂呈负相关(均P＜0.05)。二元多因素 logistic回归分析提示：透析年限、高PLR是MHD患者主动脉弓钙化发生的独立危险因素。利用ROC曲线分析PLR预测中重度主动脉弓钙化,其中PLR敏感性为85.4%,最佳截断值为90.305,曲线下面积为0.698(95%CI为0.572~0.825,P＜0.05)。 结论　MHD患者普遍存在主动脉弓钙化,透析年限、高PLR是MHD患者主动脉弓钙化独立危险因素,钙化程度与IL-37、NLR、PLR呈正相关,PLR对于MHD患者主动脉弓钙化具有良好的预测价值。     

帕立骨化醇联合碳酸镧治疗血液透析患者甲旁亢的疗效分析

目的：研究帕立骨化醇针联合碳酸镧治疗血液透析患者继发甲状旁腺亢进的疗效。 方法：入选2018年6月1日-2021年12月31日在我院维持下血液透析患者60例,分成帕立骨化醇联合碳酸镧组（观察组）、帕立骨化醇组（对照组）,所有病例治疗12周,每4周复查血清钙、磷及甲状旁腺素（iPTH）,并调整药物剂量,第12周复查腹部动脉钙化（AAC）评分,观察患者治疗前后钙磷指标、iPTH及AAC评分的变化。结果：观察组与对照组在第4周、8周、12周, PTH较治疗前相比均明显下降（P＜0.05）,但是观察组下降较对照组更明显。在观察组中,治疗后血磷较治疗前明显下降（P＜0.05）,血钙治疗前后未见明显统计学差异（P＞0.05）。在对照组中,治疗后血磷较治疗前明显上升（P＜0.05）,血钙在治疗后第8周、第12周较治疗前明显升高（P＜0.05）。观察组与对照组治疗后12周AAC评分较治疗前均下降（P＜0.05）,但两组在治疗后12周AAC评分比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论：帕立骨化醇联合碳酸镧能更好的改善患者继发性甲旁亢,能更有效降低iPTH,并维持钙磷平衡。     

江苏省社区美沙酮维持治疗门诊6个月效果评估

目的 比较江苏省南京等3个市4个社区美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)门诊,开诊6个月前后的病人治疗情况.方法 按照国家滥用阿片类物质成瘾者社区MMT工作组,统一设计的门诊病案中的基线调查表与6个月评估表,向病人采集病史,包括病人一般情况、药物滥用与性行为情况、违法犯罪情况与社会家庭功能恢复情况.结果 基线与评估调查中,调查对象的性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度均无显著性差异(P>0.05).参加治疗6个月后,调查对象有临时或固定工作的比例显著增加(P=0.002);药物滥用、注射吸毒与共用针具行为显著减少(P<0.05);违法犯罪情况有所好转,被公安抓获及因筹集毒资发生的偷、抢、骗及贩毒情况均有所减少(P<0.05);病人的社会功能、家庭功能有所改善(P<0.05).结论 社区MMT的开展有效地减少了病人药物滥用与艾滋病病毒感染相关的高危行为,显著改善了病人的社会与家庭功能.     

维持性血液透析患者甲状腺激素、25羟维生素D3水平与营养指标的相关性

目的:探究维持性血液透析患者甲状腺激素、25-羟维生素D3[25-(OH)D3]水平与营养指标的相关性。方法:选择2018年1月至2019年2月北京市密云区中医医院接收、诊治的维持性血液透析患者72例,纳入研究组;另选择北京市密云区中医医院同期体检健康的60例体检者,纳为对照组。检测两组甲状腺激素、25-(OH)D3水平与营养指标,并分析讨论甲状腺激素、25-(OH)D3水平与营养指标的相关性。结果:研究组总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(total triiodothyronine,TT3)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3)、25-(OH)D3水平、血清白蛋白(seralbumin,ALB)、前白蛋白(pre-albumin,PA)及总蛋白(total protein,TP)水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);两组促甲状腺激素(thyroid-stimulating hormone,TSH)及球蛋白(globulin,GLOB)水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);72例维持性血液透析患者中,有10例25-(OH)D3水平>30 ng/mL,51例25-(OH)D3水平在15~30 ng/mL,有11例25-(OH)D3水平<15 ng/mL;不同25-(OH)D3水平患者ALB,PA,TP水平均有差异(P<0.05);甲状腺激素与ALB,PA,TP,GLOB均不存在相关性(P>0.05);25-(OH)D3与ALB,TP,PA水平均表现为正相关(P<0.05),与GLOB水平无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:维持性血液透析患者普遍存在甲状腺激素降低、维生素D不足或缺乏、营养状况不佳的情况,且患者维生素D水平与患者营养指标均呈正相关。     

Office-Based Buprenorphine Versus Clinic-Based Methadone: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

The objective of this analysis was to compare the cost-effectiveness of clinic-based methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) and office-based buprenorphine maintenance therapy (BMT) from the perspective of third-party payers in the United States. The authors used a Markov cost-effectiveness model. A hypothetical cohort of 1000 adult, opioid-dependent patients was modeled over a 1-year time horizon. Patients were allowed to transition between the health states of in opioid dependence treatment and either abusing or not abusing opioids, or to have dropped out of treatment. Probabilities were derived from randomized clinical trials comparing methadone and buprenorphine. Costs included drug and administration, clinic visits, and therapy sessions. Effectiveness outcomes examined were (1) retention in the treatment program and (2) opioid abuse–free weeks. For retention in treatment at 1 year, MMT was more costly ($4,613 vs. $4,155) and more effective (20.3% vs. 15.9%) than BMT, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $10,437 per additional patient retained in treatment. MMT was also more effective than BMT in terms of opioid abuse–free weeks (9.2 vs. 9.1 weeks), resulting in an ICER of $8,515 per opioid abuse–free week gained. One-way sensitivity analyses found costs per week of MMT to have the largest impact on the retention-in-treatment outcome, whereas the probability of dropping out with MMT had the greatest impact on opioid abuse–free weeks. The authors conclude that MMT is cost-effective compared with BMT for the treatment of patients with opioid dependence. However, the treatment of substance abuse is complex, and decision makers should also consider individual patient characteristics when making coverage decisions.     

以互联网为中心的正念减压护理在维持性血液透析患者中的应用效果

目的探讨以互联网为中心的正念减压护理应用于维持性血液透析患者的效果。方法选择2018年10月至2019年10月徐州市中心医院收治的维持性血液透析患者112例,按随机数字表法分为两组,每组56例。对照组实施常规护理干预,观察组实施以互联网为中心的正念减压护理。对比两组护理前后治疗依从性、自我感受负担水平、焦虑、抑郁情绪变化。结果观察组护理后透析方案、用药、饮食、液体摄入、依从性总分均高于对照组;观察组护理后自我感受负担评分低于对照组;观察组护理后贝克焦虑量表(BAI)、贝克抑郁自评量表第2版(BDI-Ⅱ)评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论以互联网为中心的正念减压护理应用于维持性血液透析患者可提高其治疗依从性,减轻自我感受负担,缓解焦虑和抑郁情绪,值得临床推广。     

Long-term weight loss outcomes after banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a prospective 10-year follow-up study

Objective

To evaluate the weight loss outcomes of banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) during a 10-year follow-up.

Suppressed calcineurin‐dependent gene expression identifies lung allograft recipients at increased risk of infection

Lung transplant immunosuppression regimens generally include the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus. We hypothesized that mean residual expression (MRE) of calcineurin‐dependent genes assesses rejection and infection risk better than does tacrolimus trough. We prospectively followed 44 lung allograft recipients at 2 to 18 months posttransplant and measured changes in whole blood interleukin‐2, interferon‐γ, and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor gene expression following a tacrolimus dose. Posttransplant duration, immunosuppressive medication levels, and bronchoscopic rejection and infection assessments were compared with MRE by using generalized‐estimating equation–adjusted models. Prednisolone effect on MRE was assessed ex vivo in blood samples from nontransplanted controls. Tacrolimus concentration inhibiting 50% of cytokine production (IC₅₀) was measured in a pretransplant subset. Results showed that MRE did not change with diagnosis of rejection but that airway infection was associated with a 20% absolute decrease (95% confidence interval 11%‐29%). MRE increased with time after transplant but was not associated with tacrolimus trough. Interestingly, MRE correlated inversely with corticosteroid dose in the study cohort and ex vivo. Pretransplant tacrolimus IC₅₀ depended on the cytokine measured and varied between individuals, suggesting a range in baseline responses to tacrolimus. We conclude that MRE identifies infection risk in lung allograft recipients, potentially integrating calcineurin inhibitor and steroid effects on lymphocyte effector function.