应重视生化分析仪的安装使用与维护

本文论述了安装生化分析仪对实验室的基本要求以及生化分析仪使用时应遵守的一些基本原则，对生化分析仪使用过程中出现的故障进行了分类，明确了故障原因和责任，强调了日常维护的重要性及自动和半自动生化分析仪的维护要点。     

岛津数字胃肠机IF OVER故障产生的原理及维修

分析了岛津3200数字胃肠机IFOVER故障产生的原因，并结合实际故障现象，具体介绍了排除方法。     

SA-6000全自动血流变仪清洗维护的改进

分析了SA-6000全自动血流变仪在实际使用过程中出现的故障，总结了维护经验，改进了仪器的维护方法。     

Evaluation of activities in the health services

For planning or co-ordinating health services it is necessary to have reference points for evaluating similar departments in which homogeneous or equivalent activities are carried out. It is also necessary to consider the cost/benefit of the services. The paper presents several new indices of performance which may be applied to this problem and which enable quantitative comparisons to be made between hospitals and between departments. These indices include assessment of electrical hazards and service ability of equipment as well as the ratio of technical support staff to inpatient stay. The indices have been evaluated in a few large hospitals and found to be an effective management tool.     

Reelin immunoreactivity in the adult sea lamprey brain

The expression of reelin, a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein, was studied in the brain of pre-spawning adult sea lampreys by immunohistochemistry using two monoclonal antibodies against this protein. Reelin immunoreactive (reln-ir) neurons were observed in the olfactory bulb, and pallial and subpallial regions in the telencephalon. In the diencephalon, reln-ir cells were observed in some hypothalamic nuclei, in the nucleus of Bellonci, and in the habenula. In the mesencephalon, this protein was detected in several nuclei related with the centrifugal visual system, although the optic tectum was devoid of immunoreactivity. The hindbrain showed several nuclei with immunopositive neurons, including the branchiomeric nerve motor nuclei and also some groups of non-giant cells of the reticular formation. The rostral spinal cord showed some immunopositive neurons mainly located in lateral and ventral positions. Overall, the pattern of distribution of reelin in the adult sea lamprey correlates with the previously reported in other adult vertebrates. Furthermore, the wide distribution of reelin in the adult lamprey brain is consistent with a possible existence of different roles for this protein not related with development in the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates (i.e. neuronal plasticity and/or maintenance).     

中国首批美沙酮维持治疗门诊病人入组情况及治疗维持率

目的：了解中国首批美沙酮维持治疗门诊病人数量变化情况并计算其治疗维持率。方法：使用美沙酮维持治疗管理系统软件收集中国首批8个美沙酮维持治疗门诊数据,并进行数据整理与分析。结果：除浙江舟山门诊、广西南宁门诊和贵州织金门诊以外,其余5个门诊的在诊病人数均在6个月以内超过100人。首批8个门诊6个月及12个月的平均维持率分别为63%和48%,其中个旧门诊6个月及12个月的治疗维持率均列8个门诊之首,分别为84%和65%。结论：中国首批8家美沙酮维持治疗试点门诊运转平稳,但仍需要提高病人治疗维持率。     

Replicative MCM7 protein as a proliferation marker in endometrial carcinoma: a tissue microarray and clinicopathological analysis

AIMS: To assess, in tissue microarray (TMA), the proliferative activity of endometrial carcinoma using one of the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins (MCM7), and to explore its potential value for prognosis. MCM proteins are essential for eukaryotic DNA replication and have recently been used to define the proliferative compartments in human tissues. METHODS AND RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry for MCM7 and Ki67 was performed on TMAs constructed from 212 cases of endometrial carcinoma. MCM7 and Ki67 expression was quantified according to the extent of nuclear staining. An analysis was carried out of the association between MCM7 expression and that of Ki67 and the clinicopathological characteristics of endometrial carcinoma. MCM7 and Ki67 immunoreactivity was clearly evident in the nuclei of tumour cells. MCM7 and Ki67 labelling indices in endometrial carcinomas correlated with each other (P < 0.001). A significant correlation existed between the MCM7 labelling index and histological grade (P = 0.008) and patients' age at diagnosis (P < 0.001). Well-differentiated carcinomas and younger patients had a lower MCM7 index. Poor survival was observed in patients with endometrial carcinoma with a high MCM7 index (P = 0.03) and MCM7 was found to be an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis (P = 0.04). The Ki67 labelling index correlated with histological grade (P = 0.01) but had no significant prognostic impact (P = 0.50). CONCLUSIONS: In this TMA study on endometrial carcinoma, MCM7 was found to be a more reliable and useful marker than Ki67 in assessing tumour proliferation and in the prognosis of patients.     

2006—2020年北京市东城区美沙酮维持治疗患者依从性及影响因素分析

目的 为了解北京市东城区美沙酮维持治疗患者的依从性及其影响因素,为临床建立合理的治疗模式以及干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用动态队列研究设计,研究起点为首次入组治疗的患者在美沙酮维持治疗门诊首次接受治疗的时间,终点为2021年4月30日。使用寿命表法分析维持治疗情况;利用COX比例风险模型分析患者依从性的影响因素。结果 共有331名患者进入本次研究。截至随访终点,累积发生脱失210例,脱失比例为63.44%。维持治疗时间中位数为5.33年。患者1、2、5年的累积维持治疗比例和维持治疗人年数分别为77.05%、67.67%、52.41%和279.00、234.50、170.00人年。COX比例风险模型分析结果显示:入组时年龄<50岁(HR=1.825,95%CI:1.087~3.062)、有职业(HR=1.515,95%CI:1.037~2.213)、日服药剂量<60 mg/d(HR=2.025,95%CI:1.380~2.972)、接受过强制隔离戒毒(HR=2.617,95%CI:1.345~5.092)是降低患者依从性的危险因素。结论 日服药剂量、职业、入组时年龄、是否接受过强制隔离戒毒是北京市东城区美沙酮维持治疗门诊患者依从性的影响因素。日服药剂量的减少有可能导致患者的依从性下降,最终影响治疗效果,因此门诊医生在降低患者的服药剂量时应慎重。     

Combination of Quantitative Computed Tomography and Blood Biochemistry for Evaluating the Relationship Between Nutrition and Bone Mineral Density in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis

PurposeTo investigate the effect of nutritional factors on bone mineral density (BMD) using quantitative computed tomography combined with blood biochemistry in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).MethodsSixty patients on MHD were divided into osteopenia (n = 20) and nonosteopenia (n = 40) groups. BMD, fat, and muscle mass were measured by quantitative computed tomography. The calcification of coronary artery and hilar lymph node and computed tomography attenuation values of the liver and spleen were also analyzed. Differences between the two groups were compared, and the risk factors for osteopenia were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsPatients in the osteopenia group had lower albumin levels than those in the nonosteopenia group (37.84 ± 3.00 vs 42.03 ± 4.05 g/L; P < .001). Logistic regression showed that patients with lower albumin levels had a higher risk of osteopenia (odds ratio, 1.462; 95% confidence interval, 1.313–1.801; P = .003). BMD was negatively correlated with fat mass (r = ?0.365, P = .004) and positively correlated with the ratio of muscle mass to fat mass (r = 0.431, P = .001). There was no significant difference in the rate of calcification of coronary artery or hilar lymph nodes between the two groups. Computed tomography values of the liver and spleen were positively correlated with the duration of dialysis (r = 0.55, P = .001; r = 0.42, P < .001, respectively).ConclusionLow albumin levels are associated with an increased risk of osteopenia in patients on MHD. Abdominal fat is a risk factor for reduction in BMD in MHD patients, and the ratio of abdominal muscle mass to fat mass is a protective factor for BMD.