利多卡因混合不同剂量肾上腺素局部浸润麻醉对全麻下鼻内窥镜手术患者血液动力学的影响

目的 观察利多卡因混合不同剂量肾上腺素局部浸润麻醉对全麻下鼻内窥镜手术患者血液动力学的影响。方法 69例拟在全身麻醉下行鼻内窥镜手术的患者随机分为3组（n=23），采用含不同剂量肾上腺素的1％利多卡因进行鼻粘膜下多点浸润注射。Ⅰ组：含1：20万肾上腺素的1％利多卡因4ml（20μg）；11组：含1：10万肾上腺素的1％利多卡因4ml（40μg）；Ⅲ组：1％利多卡因4ml（不含肾上腺素）。采用阻抗心动图（ICG）测量并记录浸润麻醉开始前（基础值）、浸润麻醉开始后0．75、1．5、2．25、3、3．75、4．5、5．25、6min平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、心脏排血指数（CI）、外周血管阻力指数（SVRI）和加速度指数（ACI），同时评价术中出血状况。结果与基础值比较，Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组在浸润麻醉开始后1．5min时MAP下降，HR增快（P〈0．01）；从浸润麻醉开始后1．5minSVRI下降，CI、ACI上升，到浸润麻醉开始后6min时仍未恢复（P〈0．05或0．01）。与Ⅱ组比较，Ⅰ组在浸润麻醉开始后2．25、3、3．75minMAP下降，从2．25min起CI下降（P〈0．01或〈0．05）。与Ⅲ组比较，Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组出血较少（P〈0．01）；Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组之间差异无统计学意义。结论 全身麻醉下鼻内窥镜手术中局部浸润麻醉时，局麻药中肾上腺素的吸收会引起明显的血液动力学变化，推荐在鼻内窥镜手术中使用含有5μg/ml肾上腺素的利多卡因。     

静注加肌注曲马多防治硬膜外麻醉期间寒战反应的研究

目的　观察曲马多防治硬膜外麻醉期间寒战反应时两种用药方法的临床效果。　方法硬膜外麻醉手术期间发生寒战的 6 0例成年患者 ,当出现寒战分级达 2～ 3级时 ,用室温下盐酸曲马多 1mg kg加氟哌啶 2 .5mg缓慢静脉推注 ,随机分成二组 :研究组 (R组 )与对照组 (C组 ) ,每组各 30例 ;R组在 5min内用上述同样药物和剂量予以肌内注射 ,C组以生理盐水 2ml肌内注射。观察寒战的治疗效果及 6h内寒战复发率。　结果　两组均于静注曲马多后 3min内起效 ,所有病人寒战反应均得到缓解 ,6h内R组均无寒战反应复发 ,C组有 5例再次出现寒战达 2级以上 ,给予追加首次量的 1 2后缓解 ,两组间差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　静注加肌注曲马多和氟哌啶可更有效地防治硬膜外麻醉期间的寒战反应。     

骨巨细胞瘤术后复发的手术治疗

目的:探讨骨巨细胞瘤术后复发的手术方法及疗效。方法:1994年6月-2003年10月,收治四肢长骨复发性骨巨细胞瘤18例,男12例,女6例;年龄18~44岁,平均26岁。股骨下端5例,胫骨上端8例,股骨上端1例,桡骨远端4例。Enneking分期:Ⅰa期14例,Ⅰb期4例。放射影像学Cam-panicci分级:Ⅰ级7例,Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级4例。病理学Jaffe分级:Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级3例。采用肿瘤扩大切除,吻合血管的自体腓骨、髂骨联合移植术治疗9例;瘤段切除,吻合血管的腓骨头移植重建术4例;瘤段切除,人工假体置换术5例。结果:随访时间11~110个月,平均66个月。所有移植骨术后均愈合,一侧关节间隙轻度狭窄2例,术后再复发1例。术后功能评价:优13例,良3例,可1例,差1例。结论:肿瘤扩大切除,吻合血管的自体腓骨、髂骨联合移植术既能彻底切除病变,又能保持和重建关节功能,是一种较理想的方法,Campanicci分级Ⅲ级、病理学Jaffe分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级的复发性骨巨细胞瘤原则上应施行更为广泛的瘤段切除术,桡骨远端复发性骨巨细胞瘤因其部位的特殊性,应用自体腓骨移植重建效果良好。     

Complications associated with maxillary nerve block anaesthesia via the greater palatine canal

This paper documents the type, frequency and duration of complications associated with regional anaesthesia of the maxillary nerve via the greater palatine canal in a series of 101 patients treated in the Oral Surgery Department, United Dental Hospital of Sydney.     

无痛麻醉在拔牙术中的临床应用

目的：评价无痛麻醉技术的临床麻醉效果，寻求一种更有利于手术进行的局麻技术。方法：选择120例就诊于齿槽外科门诊需要拔牙的患者，将其随机分为对照组和实验组，每组60例。对照组施常规局麻，实施组施无痛麻醉技术，观察每组麻醉结束、术中及术后的血压、心率变化。结果：对照组与实验组对比，术中、术后观测指标的变化无显著性差异，麻醉结束后的观测指标15以下者无显著性差异，15岁以上者有显著性差异。结论：无痛麻醉技术与常规的局麻技术一样可以达到麻醉的目的，无痛麻醉可减少麻醉注射中因疼痛所引起的血压、心率的变化。     

控制性降压在鼻内窥镜手术中的应用

目的 :观察控制性降压在鼻内窥镜手术中应用的意义。方法 :80例双侧鼻息肉、鼻窦炎患者 ,局麻、鼻内窥镜下行双侧鼻息肉摘除、全筛切除及开放上颌窦自然开口。其中 38例术中控制性降压 (降压组 ) ,另 42例作为对照。结果 :降压组术中出血 (6 1 39± 38 5 2 )ml,对照组出血 (140 12± 81 82 )ml,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ;手术时间分别为 (4 9 2 5± 7 0 6 )min和(6 2 4 0± 9 90 )min ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :控制性降压可明显减少术中出血 ,缩短手术时间。     

门静脉化疗对合并癌栓的原发性肝癌术后复发的预防作用

目的　探讨门静脉导管保留术并根据体外肿瘤药敏试验定期行门静脉化疗对合并门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌术后复发的预防作用。方法　术前经B型超声或CT证实有门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌病人 6 2例随机分成对照组 (2 9例 )和治疗组 (33例 )。治疗组在肝癌联同门脉癌栓切除术中常规行门静导管保留术 ,术后根据体外肿瘤药物敏感性试验选用敏感性化疗药物定期行门静脉化疗。对照组在肝癌及门静脉癌栓切除术后未行特殊治疗。结果　对照组与治疗组术后半年、1年复发率分别为 1 4例 (4 8.3% )、2 2例 (75 .9% )和 9例 (2 7.3% )、1 6例 (4 8.5 % ) ;两组术后半年、1年死亡率分别为 1 1例 (37.9% )、1 9例 (6 5 .5 % )与 6例 (1 8.2 % )、1 2例 (36 .4 % )。两组比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　肝细胞肝癌伴门静脉癌栓行手术切除有较好的疗效。而术后根据药物敏感性试验通过门静脉化疗可明显降低术后复发率 ,延长生存期     

Bilateral continuous paravertebral block used for postoperative analgesia in an infant having bilateral thoracotomy

We describe the successful postoperative pain management in an 11-month-old infant who underwent bilateral thoracotomy, using continuous infusions of bupivacaine into two directly placed paravertebral catheters. Haemodynamic parameters and pain scores were measured 1–2 h for 60 h while the infusions were continued and, intermittently, blood samples were taken for subsequent measurement of serum bupivacaine concentrations. The technique provided effective pain relief and the infant required no other analgesia postoperatively. There were no adverse haemodynamic consequences or complications relating to either catheter placement or drug infusions. Serum concentrations of bupivacaine remained below toxic levels throughout the study period, though accumulation did occur.     

Transfer of clonidine and dexmedetomidine across the isolated perfused human placenta

Background: The placental transfer of the a₂ receptor agonist clonidine, earlier used as an adjuvant in obstetric epidural analgesia, was compared with the transfer of the newer and more %-selective agonist dexmedetomidine.
Methods: Term placentas were obtained immediately after delivery with maternal consent and a 2-hour recycling perfusion of a single placental cotyledon was performed. Disappearance from the maternal circulation, accumulation in placental tissue and appearance in the fetal circulation of clonidine or dexmedetomidine with the reference compound antipyrine were followed in 4 experiments for both drugs.
Results: At 2 hours the percent dexmedetomidine found in the fetal circulation was 12.5 (SD 5.1)%, while 48.1 (SD 20.3)% was found in the perfused placental cotyledon. A higher mean clonidine than dexmedetomidine concentration was achieved in the fetal circulation (1.90 vs. 0.56 nmol/l, P <0.05). At 2 hours the percent clonidine found in the fetal circulation was 22.1 (SD 2.4)% ( P <0.05), while 11.3 (SD 3.3)% ( P <0.05) was re tained in the perfused placental cotyledon. The transfer indexes, describing maternal-to-fetal transfer of dexmedetomidine and clonidine normalized with the transfer of antipyrine, were 0.88 (SD 0.07) and 1.04 (SD 0.08) respectively ( P <0.05).
Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine disappeared faster than clonidine from the maternal circulation, while even less dexmedetomidine was transported into the fetal circulation. This was due to its greater placental tissue retention, the basis for which probably is the higher lipophilicity of dexmedetomidine.     

Should nitrous oxide be discontinued before desflurane after anaesthesia with desflurane/N2O?

Background : The appearance of hypoxaemia immediately after anaesthesia with nitrous oxide may be partially explained by diffusion hypoxia. This study was undertaken to evaluate circulatory and respiratory variables during emergence after desflurane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia, and whether there are any differences depending on which gas is discontinued first. Methods : 20 patients were studied after gynaecological laparoscopic surgery. The depth of anaesthesia was reduced 10 min prior to the emergence by stopping the administration of one of the two inhalational agents. Desflurane was discontinued first in Group 1, nitrous oxide in Group 2. Ventilation was controlled with E'C0₂ maintained at 5% until the administration of the second anaesthetic gas was discontinued. Thereafter, the patients breathed spontaneously. Results : The PaC0₂ at which the respiratory drive reappeared after controlled normoventilation was similar in both groups, 6.1–6.5 kPa, and extubation was performed after 10–11 min. At extubarion, the end–tidal C0₂ and total MAC were similar in the groups, about 6.2 vol% and 0.16, respectively. Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly higher in Group 1. The cardiac output increased in both groups from about 6 1/min at the conclusion of anaesthesia to 9.0 and 7.6 1/min at 15 min in the recovery period. End–tidal O₂ decreased and CO₂ increased in both groups during the first 10 min in the recovery period. pH was reduced at 15 and 30 min in both groups. Conclusion : Irrespective of which agent was discontinued first, there was an increase in cardiac output, decrease in oxygenation and a modest acidosis in the first 30–min recovery period. The only significant difference between the groups was in mean arterial blood pressure in the early emergence phase with a greater MAP when N₂O had been used until the conclusion of anaesthesia.