密质骨各向异性性质的力学实验及细观分析

目的研究牛股骨密质骨的微观结构特征与其力学行为间的关系。方法对牛股骨密质骨纵向和横向试样分别进行压缩实验;对破坏后的纵向和横向试样进行断裂路径、断裂表面微结构特征观察;基于复合材料细观力学的理论,分析密质骨中骨单元方向对骨纵向和横向弹性模量及断裂极限强度的影响。结果纵向试样的压缩弹性模量和断裂极限强度均明显大于横向试样的压缩弹性模量和断裂极限强度;纵向试样的断裂路径与加载方向近似为0°,且比较平直,而横向试样的断裂路径与加载方向近似为45°,且比较曲折;纵向试样断面中存在许多与加载方向平行的条状结构,断面较为光滑,而横向试样断面存在许多圆弧形凹坑或凸起,断面较为粗糙。结论牛股骨密质骨具有各向异性的力学性质,其各向异性力学性质与骨单元方向密切相关。     

Osteogenesis of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Current treatment options for skeletal repair, including immobilization, rigid fixation, alloplastic materials and bone grafts, have significant limitations. Bone tissue engineering offers a promising method for the repair of bone deficieny caused by fractures, bone loss and tumors. The use of adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) has received attention because of the self-renewal ability, high proliferative capacity and potential of osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo studies of bone regeneration. Although cell therapies using ASCs are widely promising in various clinical fields, no large human clinical trials exist for bone tissue engineering. The aim of this review is to introduce how they are harvested, examine the characterization of ASCs, to review the mechanisms of osteogenic differentiation, to analyze the effect of mechanical and chemical stimuli on ASC osteodifferentiation, to summarize the current knowledge about usage of ASC in vivo studies and clinical trials, and finally to conclude with a general summary of the field and comments on its future direction.     

Effect of Weight on Outcomes of Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Chemotherapy dosing in hematopoietic cell therapy (HCT) conditioning regimens is based on patient weight. We hypothesized that potential underdosing or overdosing of patients with significant deviation of weight from normal might alter HCT outcomes, such as early mortality, overall or organ-specific toxicity, and/or relapse. We therefore conducted a retrospective analysis of 400 children between the ages of 2 and 18 years who underwent HCT for malignant or nonmalignant disease at Boston Children's Hospital over a 10-year period. Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention standard weight classification schema, we found no evidence to suggest a difference in survival or in time to engraftment or in relapse in patients with malignant disease. In the subgroups of patients either receiving autologous HCT or with underlying malignancy, combined overweight and obese patients had a higher rate of any organ, but not organ-specific, Grade 3–5 toxicity compared with the normal weight group. The study was not powered to detect a difference between underweight and normal weight patients. These data suggest that multiple outcome measures over the first year after HCT are unaffected by weight.     

Contemporary Approaches for Identifying Rare Bone Disease Causing Genes

Recent improvements in the speed and accuracy of DNA sequencing, together with increasingly sophisticated mathematical approaches for annotating gene networks, have revolutionized the field of human genetics and made these once time consuming approaches assessable to most investigators. In the field of bone research, a particularly active area of gene discovery has occurred in patients with rare bone disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) that are caused by mutations in single genes. In this perspective, we highlight some of these technological advances and describe how they have been used to identify the genetic determinants underlying two previously unexplained cases of OI. The widespread availability of advanced methods for DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis can be expected to greatly facilitate identification of novel gene networks that normally function to control bone formation and maintenance.     

����������������յ����������Ԥ��

牙根吸收是正畸治疗过程中常见的并发症之一，虽然严重的牙根吸收很少见，但其作为一种无法预料的并发症多年来一直困扰着正畸医生。本文将对正畸相关性牙根吸收的早期诊断与预防做一综述。     

Infantile Osteomyelitis Secondary to Malignant Osteopetrosis

Osteopetrosis (OP) is a rare congenital disorder (present at birth) in which the bones become over dense. This results from an imbalance between the formation of bone and the resorption of the bone. Thickening of the bones which become abnormally dense due to an inherited defect in bone resorption, the process in which old bone is broken down and removed so that new bone can be added to the skeleton. Osteoclasts are the cells responsible for bone resorption. In osteopetrosis the osteoclasts do not perform normally. This flaw in bone resorption results in bones that are abnormally dense, yet are fragile and easily broken. Osteopetrosis is also known as Albers–Schonberg disease, generalized congenital osteosclerosis, ivory bones, marble bones, osteosclerosis fragilis generalisata. In this article, we have described about the diagnosis and medical and surgical management of osteopetrosis reported case to our hospital.