北京地区体检人群血脂紊乱及高血糖患病率的研究

目的 了解北京市人群血脂紊乱、高血糖患病率及其特点.方法 对2008年10月至2011年8月在该院体检的7 605例北京市机关、企事业单位体检者进行调查,内容包括性别、年龄、既往史等.并采集空腹静脉血对血糖、血脂等结果进行统计学分析.结果 (1)调查人群中高总胆固醇(TC)血症、高三酰甘油(TG)血症、低血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)血症、高血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)血症患病率分别为45.0%(3 424例)、34.6%(2 633例)、16.1 %(1 228例)、21.1%(1 605例);符合高血糖诊断标准者927例,检出率为12.2%.(2)以上各项目男性患病率均高于女性,但大于50～60岁、＞60岁年龄组高TC血症、高LDL-C血症女性患病率高于男性,＞60岁年龄组高TG血症女性患病率高于男性.(3)高TG血症、高TC血症、高LDL-C血症患病率明显高于1986年统计结果.结论 北京市高血糖、高脂血症患病率与1986年比较明显升高,因此,从中青年开始特别是男性更应改善生活方式,加强膳食平衡,增强体育锻炼,提高生活质量,以预防相关疾病的发生.     

颈动脉完全闭塞患者血管再通术的预后变化及相关因素分析

目的探讨症状性颈动脉完全闭塞患者血管再通术的安全性、有效性及相关影响因素。方法选择62例症状性颈动脉完全闭塞患者,分为介入组21例(血管再通术)和药物组41例。随访发病2年时功能预后,以改良的Rankin量表(mRS)评分表示,行多因素logistic回归分析。结果介入组患者在3、6个月、1及2年随访时,mRS平均秩次均低于药物组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,mRS评分与吸烟(P=0.036)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分(P=0.018)、介入治疗(P=0.003)相关,其中介入治疗是预后独立保护因素。结论血管再通术治疗症状性颈动脉完全闭塞患者可能是安全有效的,可能是患者功能预后的独立保护因素。     

Obesity and Hyperlipidemia Modulate Alveolar Bone Loss in Wistar Rats

Background: A positive association between obesity‐associated metabolic disorders (e.g., hyperlipidemia and diabetes) and periodontitis has been demonstrated in the literature. This study evaluates the role of cafeteria diet–induced obesity/hyperlipidemia (CAF) on alveolar bone loss (ABL) in rats. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided in four groups: control, periodontitis (PERIO), obesity/hyperlipidemia (CAF), and obesity/hyperlipidemia plus periodontitis (CAF+PERIO). Groups CAF and CAF+PERIO were exposed to a high‐fat, hypercaloric diet. At week 12, periodontal disease was induced in groups PERIO and CAF+PERIO by ligatures in the upper second molar. The contralateral tooth was considered the intragroup control. Body weight and Lee index were evaluated weekly during the experiment. Serum glucose and cholesterol/triglycerides in the liver were evaluated, and percentage of ABL was measured by microcomputed tomography. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐1β were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay at week 17. Results: Body weight, Lee index, and cholesterol/triglycerides in the liver increased in groups exposed to the cafeteria diet. Groups PERIO and CAF+PERIO exhibited a significantly higher ABL compared to control and CAF groups. The presence of obesity and hyperlipidemia significantly increased ABL in the CAF+PERIO group compared to the PERIO group (53.60 ± 3.44 versus 42.78 ± 7.27, respectively) in the sides with ligature. Groups exposed to CAF exhibited higher ABL in the sides without ligature. No differences were observed among groups for IL‐1β and TNF‐α. Conclusion: Obesity and hyperlipidemia modulate the host response to challenges in the periodontium, increasing the expression of periodontal breakdown.     

影响他汀类药物降脂治疗的相关基因的多态性及其与高脂血症的关系

目的观察他汀类药物降脂治疗相关的基因多态性位点CYP3A4*1G、CYP3A 5*3、MDRl C3435T、SLC21A6 A388G、SLC21A6 T521C、CYP7Al A-204C及ABCG8 T400K在河南地区的分布及其与高脂血症的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)和等位基因特异性-聚合酶链式反应(AS-PCR)技术对400名高脂血症病人和320名正常对照者进行基因分型。结果等位基因SLC21A6 A388G、SLC21A6 T521C、CYP3A4*1G、CYP3A5*3、MDR1 C3435T、CYP7A1 A-204C及ABCG8 400K的分布频率在高脂血症病人中分别为72.1%、16.2%、27.9%、73.7%、39.9%、34.7%和12.8%,在正常对照组中分别为71.5%、16.1%、27.4%、74.5%、39.4%、33.3%和7.4%;ABCG8 400K等位基因携带者患高脂血症的风险显著增加(OR=1.870,CI:1.259-2.777,P=0.002)。结论CYP3A5*3、MDR1 C3435T、SLC21A6 A388G、SLC21A6 T521C和ABCG8 T400K基因多态性分布可能存在地区或种族差异,ABCG8 400K等位基因是高脂血症的高风险因素。     

高龄老年混合型高脂血症患者联合调脂治疗的临床特点

目的探讨高龄老年混合型高脂血症患者联合调脂治疗的临床特点。方法选择我院接受联合调脂治疗的混合型高脂血症患者340例,根据年龄分为对照组140例(65～79岁),试验组200例(≥80岁)。常用联合调脂方案为烟酸+贝特、他汀+烟酸、他汀+贝特、他汀+多廿烷醇和他汀+依折麦布。观察2组患者用药前后TG、TC、LDL-C及HDL-C变化及不良反应情况。结果所有入选患者均表现为混合型高脂血症;试验组与对照组5种方案治疗后,方案烟酸+贝特降低TG和升高HDL-C幅度明显优于其他方案;他汀+烟酸、他汀+贝特、他汀+多廿烷醇和他汀+依折麦布降低TC、LDL-C水平明显优于烟酸+贝特(P<0.05,P<0.01)。试验组与对照组各方案疗效及治疗前后肝肾功能和肌酸激酶水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论老年常用联合调脂方案主要有5类;烟酸+贝特降低TG及升高HDL-C的作用明显优于其他方案,其他4种方案降低TC、LDL-C水平均有较好疗效;各联合调脂方案对老年患者同样疗效确切,且安全性良好。     

北戴河区无症状高脂血症与颈动脉硬化狭窄区域分布特点及原因分析

目的探讨北戴河区健康城镇居民无症状高脂血症与颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄人群区域分布特点及特殊成因。方法将所调查的北戴河区5 408例健康成人按年龄、性别、职业、体检时间即暑期前后分成不同组,通过问卷调查、血液生化检测及颈部血管彩色多普勒超声方法综合分析。结果发现无症状高脂血症集中在〉40～60岁年龄段,检出1 549例,但呈年轻化趋势,40岁以下检出高胆固醇血症313例,高甘油三酯血症333例。男性血脂异常多于女性,血脂异常与职业、暑期工作压力（P〈0.05）。颈动脉硬化狭窄与高脂血症存在密切关系,232例颈动脉硬化狭窄的检出者中合并高脂血症的体检者达到140例,颈动脉硬化狭窄的检出情况在不同职业中存在性别差异情况,以公务员最明显,男女检出比率达10∶1（P〈0.05）。结论北戴河区健康成人颈动脉硬化狭窄与高脂血症有关,发病与文献相比趋年轻化,暑期工作压力大的职业血脂异常人群增加。     

Characteristics of lipid metabolism under different urinary protein excretion in children with primary nephrotic syndrome

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia (HLP), a common complication, is very prevalent in children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). HLP not only significantly increases the cardiovascular risk in adulthood, but also accelerates the progression of renal disease. Proteinuria as the most important pathophysiological change can reduce serum colloid osmotic pressure, which leads to an increase in the synthesis of serum proteins including lipoproteins in the liver for export to the serum. Thus, the severity of lipid abnormalities may correlate with the degree of proteinuria. A total of 378 children with PNS were divided into three groups according to their urinary protein excretion (UPE), group A (50 mg/kg/d ≤ proteinuria <100 mg/kg/d, 125 cases), group B (100 mg/kg/d ≤ proteinuria <200 mg/kg/d, 132 cases) and group C (proteinuria ≥200 mg/kg/d, 121cases). In addition, 200 healthy volunteers with neither allergic nor renal disease between 3 and 14 years of age were recruited as the control group. Fasting serum levels of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), apoB, and albumin (Alb) were measured. Serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by the Friedewald formula. As expected, when all patients were compared with healthy children in this study, UPE and the serum concentrations of Lp(a), TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and apoB were higher in the PNS than in the control group (p<0.01), whereas for apoA1/B ratio the opposite was observed (p<0.01). Furthermore, patients in group C exhibited significantly higher Lp(a), TC, TG, LDL-C, and apoB concentrations than those in group A or B (p<0.01), whereas for apoA1/B ratio the opposite was found (p<0.01). The increase in serum lipids was accompanied by a significant augmented UPE in all patients (p<0.05). More specifically, positive correlations were observed between serum levels of TC (r=+0.80, p<0.01), HDL (r=+0.49, p<0.01), LDL (r=+0.79, p<0.01), ApoB (r=+0.62, p<0.01) and log proteinuria in group B; additionally, a negative correlation was observed between apoA1/B ratio and log proteinuria in group B (r=?0.38, p<0.01). However, no correlation of serum lipid profiles with UPE was determined in group A and C, respectively (p>0.05). Serum Alb was negatively correlated with Lp(a) (r=?0.96, p<0.01), TC (r=?0.78, p<0.01), TG (r=?0.78, p<0.01), LDL-C (r=?0.88, p<0.01), apoA1 (r=?0.26, p<0.01), and apoB (r=?0.71, p<0.01), while positively correlated with apoA1/B (r=+0.27, p<0.01) in all nephrotic children. Furthermore, no correlation existed between serum lipid profiles and Alb in group A, B and C, respectively (p>0.05). In Conclusion, secondary dyslipidemia in children with PNS is in parallel with the degree of UPE. There are diverse characteristics of lipid metabolism under different UPE. As for the patients with medium-UPE, positive correlation between serum lipids and proteinuria is presented.     

中老年人血清同型半胱氨酸、血脂、血糖水平的检测及临床意义

目的通过对中老年人群血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、血脂、血糖水平的测定,为临床开展营养干预提供客观资料和科学依据。方法选取该院于2012年9月至2013年3月收治的150例中老年患者,采集患者的静脉血,通过全自动生化分析仪进行血脂（TC和TG）、空腹血糖（FBG）及Hcy含量的检测。结果 （1）中老年患者Hcy水平比正常值高（P〈0.05）。（2）男性Hcy水平高于女性（P〈0.05）;男性TC和TG水平低于女性（P〈0.05）。（3）老年患者中,男性高Hcy血症、高TC血症、高TG血症患病率均低于女性（P〈0.05）。结论中老年人应加强血清Hcy、血脂、血糖含量的检测,及早发现异常指标并采取对症处理措施,尽可能降低心脑血管疾病发生率或延缓疾病的进程。     

急性脑梗死患者同型半胱氨酸与叶酸、维生素B_(12)和血脂水平的关系

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者与正常对照者血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平的差别,以及急性脑梗死患者血浆Hcy水平与叶酸、维生素B_(12)和血脂水平以及临床症状之间的关系.方法 纳入年龄、性别、高血压和糖尿病等配比因素无显著性差异的91例首次发病的急性脑梗死患者和100例无脑血管意外的对照者,采用循环酶法测定血浆Hcy水平,化学发光法测定叶酸、维生素B_(12)水平,生化分析仪速立法测量血脂水平,急性脑梗死患者进行美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评价.结果 急性脑梗死组血浆Hcy水平为(21.22±7.29)μmol/L,显著高于对照组的(13.19±2.13)μmol/L(P＜0.05);急性脑梗死组血浆Hcy水平与叶酸(r=-0.307,P＜0.05)和维生素B_(12)(r=-0.27,P＜0.05)水平均呈显著负相关,与低密度脂蛋白呈显著正相关(r=0.282,P＜0.05),与高密度脂蛋白呈显著负相关(r=-0.219,P＜0.05);急性脑梗死组血浆Hcy水平均值随NIHSS评分升高而增高(P＜0.05).结论 高Hcy血症是急性脯梗死的独立危险因素,叶酸和维生素B_(12)水平随着Hey水平的升高而降低;血浆Hcy水平越高,临床症状越严重;Hcy可能通过影响血脂代谢增高缺血性脑血管病的风险.     

高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化不同痰瘀证候患者血浆蛋白质差异表达谱与脏腑功能的关系

目的：探讨高脂血症及动脉粥样硬化不同痰瘀证候患者血浆特异性蛋白质群与脏腑功能之间的相关性。方法：采用中医证候诊断，观察146例高脂血症及动脉粥样硬化不同痰瘀证候病人的脏腑功能状况。获取病人的血浆样品进行二维凝胶电泳，对差异表达蛋白进行二级质谱分析，寻找可区别不同痰瘀证候的特异性标志蛋白群。采用图模型分析方法研究不同痰瘀证候可能的标志蛋白与脏腑功能之间的相关性。结果：区分高脂血症及动脉粥样硬化病人中医痰证与痰瘀互阻证可能的标志蛋白群中纤维蛋白原丫链、白蛋白及载脂蛋白AI前体主要与心气虚、肾气虚及脾气虚有关；区分痰证与血瘀证可能的4种标志蛋白质中，白蛋白和肾上腺髓质素结合蛋白前体与心气虚、肾气虚均有关，结合珠蛋白前体只与肾气虚有关，并通过肾上腺髓质素结合蛋白前体与心气虚相关，补体C4与之均无关；区分血瘀证与痰瘀互阻证可能的标志蛋白群中自蛋白与心气虚、肾气虚及脾气虚均有关，而肾上腺髓质素结合蛋白前体只与脾气虚相关；区分非痰非瘀类与痰瘀类证候可能的标志蛋白纤维蛋白原J3链主要与肾气虚有关，载脂蛋白AI前体主要与肾气虚及心气虚有关。结论：高脂血症及动脉粥样硬化不同痰瘀证候可能的血浆标志蛋白与不同的脏腑功能之间存在不同的关联组合。