LeftyA蛋白对转化生长因子β1所致肾小管上皮细胞纤维化的影响

目的 观察LeftyA蛋白对转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)诱导人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)纤维化的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制.方法 体外培养人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)细胞,通过LipofectamineTM2000介导基因转染及药物筛选构建LeftyA蛋白稳定表达HK-2细胞系;TGF-β1(10ng/ml)刺激此细胞系,于0、6、12、24、48h通过Western blot分别检测E-钙粘蛋白(E-cadherin)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)及p-Smad2/3的表达变化,通过Real-time PCR检测Ⅰ型胶原(ColⅠ)及结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)基因的表达变化.结果 不同浓度的TGF-β1刺激24 h后HK-2细胞内E-eadherin、α-SMA蛋白的变化均表现出明显的剂量效应,而当TGF-β1浓度达到10ng/ml时,α-SMA蛋白合成达到平台期(P＞0.01),因此本实验中以10ng/ml的TGF-β1作为刺激剂量;TGF-β1(10 ng/ml)刺激HK-2细胞6 h可引起E-cadherin表达下降(P＜0.01),刺激24 h后可诱导其合成表达α-SMA(P＜0.05),同时细胞内ColⅠ基因转录增加(P＜0.01);正常HK-2细胞内没有p-Smad2/3的表达,TGF-β1(10 ng/ml)刺激30min即可诱导其激活表达,并在1 h时迅速达到高峰,其后开始下降;高表达LeftyA蛋白能够减轻TGF-β1所致上皮细胞转分化(EMT)及纤维化的程度,降低p-Smad2/3的表达高峰,并抑制CTGF的表达(P＜0.01).结论 LeftyA蛋白能够通过抑制TGF-β1所致Smad2/3磷酸化及CTGF表达发挥抗肾小管上皮细胞纤维化的作用.     

颅骨生长性骨折的临床分析

目的探讨颅骨生长性骨折（GSF）的临床特点、诊治方法。方法对我院近16年间收治的8例GSF患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果8例均有明确颅脑损伤病史，常见症状表现为头部包块、颅骨缺损及神经功能障碍等，颅骨平片表现以骨折线为长轴的梭形颅骨缺损，CT检查显示包块为蛛网膜囊肿或脑膨出，术中见硬脑膜缺损大于颅骨缺损。结论颅骨骨折和硬脑膜破裂是导致生长性骨折的决定性因素。GSF一经确诊即应行扩大开颅手术，严密修补硬脑膜是手术成功的关键。     

Auer rods in the acute myeloid leukemias: frequency and methods of demonstration

One hundred and twenty-five cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were reviewed for the presence of Auer rods by two peroxidase methods. The percentage of Auer rods recognized by Wright-Giemsa (WG) staining was 20.8% but three times higher by peroxidase staining techniques using either benzidine base as a substrate (PO method) or 3,3'-diaminobenzidine as a substrate (DAB method). Both PO and DAB methods were equally sensitive in identifying Auer rods, the higher percentage being in FAB types M2 and M4 and lower in M1, M3, and M5B, with none in M5A. Cell counts of at least 100 cells were as accurate as counting cells up to a total of 1000 consecutive blasts.     

Halo femoral traction and sliding rods in the treatment of a neurologically compromised congenital scoliosis: technique

In severe congenital scoliosis, traction (whether with a halo or instrumental) is known to expose patients to neurologic complications. However, patients with restrictive lung disease may benefit from halo traction during the course of the surgical treatment. The goal of treatment of such deformities is, therefore, twofold: improvement of the respiratory function and avoidance of any neurologic complications. We report our technique to treat a 17-year-old girl with a multi-operated congenital scoliosis of 145 ° and cor pulmonale. Pre-operative halo gravity traction improved her vital capacity from 560 cc to 700 cc, but led to mild neurologic symptoms (clonus in the legs). To avoid further neurologic compromise, her first surgery consisted of posterior osteotomies and the implantation of two sliding rods connected to loose dominoes without any attempt at correction. Correction was then achieved over a 3-week period with a halofemoral traction. This allowed the two rods to slide while the neurologic status of the patient was monitored. Her definitive surgery consisted of locking the dominoes and the application of a contralateral rod. Satisfactory outcome was achieved for both correction of the deformity (without neurologic sequels) and improvement of her pulmonary function (1200 cc at 2 years). This technique using sliding rods in combination with halofemoral traction can be useful in high-risk, very severe congenital scoliosis. Received: 6 January 1999 Accepted: 12 April 1999     

马铃薯蛋白的营养价值评价

<正>马铃薯资源丰富,我国年产量约6000万吨,居世界前列。现已有报道[1]马铃薯蛋白粉的能量和蛋白质营养价值明显优于豆粕,是优质价廉的天然氮源,有广阔的发展前景。本研究以内蒙古卓资县的马铃薯蛋白粉与酪蛋白进行比较,评价其营养价值,为其开发利用提供理论依据。     

元胡产地醋制法的化学评价

对产地醋制法和传统醋制法的元胡炮制品进行了定性定量分析,其结果证明,两种方法的元胡炮制品主要化学成分相同,而元胡总生物碱及延胡索乙素含量则产地醋制法高于传统醋制法。     

Synaptogenesis in the primary visual cortex of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri)

The primary visual cortex of the tree shrew is characterized by the lack of ocular dominance columns. The two eyes are represented in sublayers of laminae 3 and 4. In an earlier study using the transneuronal transport we observed that the geniculate afferents from the two eyes do not initially overlap and then segregate into their appropriate sublaminae. The final distribution pattern can already be observed during the early postnatal period. Since segregation and elimination of afferent terminal branches do not seem to take place, we wanted to investigate whether or not an overproduction of synapses can be observed as in several other animals. We examined layers 3B, 3C, 4A, and 4B, which receive afferents from the retina via the lateral geniculate nucleus, from P5 to maturity by using the electron microscope. The brain tissue was excised in the region where the central vision is represented in adult animals. Then we determined the density of synapses per 100 microns 2 neuropil for each of the four sublayers at the ages P5, P15, P19, P23, P31, and P42 and in the adult animal (AD). In determining the neuropil we measured the size of two additional compartments, i.e., the compartments consisting of perikarya and of blood vessels. At a higher resolution we determined the fraction of Gray type I and type II synapses in each sublamina and in each developmental stage. The size of the neuropil increases from 57% at P5 to 81% in AD whereas the compartment of perikarya decreases from 42% to 15% and the compartment of blood vessels increases from 1.3% to 3.9%. The synaptic density starts with very low values (3.5/100 microns 2) at P5. Then it increases rapidly and attains a maximal rate of increase during the period of eyelid opening. After this period the increase is slowed down and approaches the adult value (12.5/100 microns 2) slowly. An overproduction of synapses could not be observed. The percentage of type I and type II synapses also changes during this period. The fraction of type I synapses amounts to 73% at P5 and increases to 92% in AD. The increase in density of type I synapses is continuous and does not show any sign of overproduction. The density of type II synapses rapidly reaches it final value and then remains constant. Possibly there is a slight overproduction during the period of eyelid opening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

NEB‐related core‐rod myopathy with distinct clinical and pathological features

Introduction: Mutations in the gene encoding nebulin (NEB) are known to cause several types of congenital myopathy including recessive nemaline myopathy and distal nebulin myopathy. Core‐rod myopathy has recently been reported to be another type of NEB‐related myopathy, and is pathologically characterized by the coexistence of cores and nemaline rods within muscle fibers. Methods: We describe 2 patients with core‐rod myopathy who were analyzed genetically by whole exome sequencing and evaluated clinically and pathologically. Findings were compared with those of patients with the disease of other genetic causes. Results: Three NEB mutations were identified, 2 of which were novel. Mild clinical features, unusual patterns of muscle involvement, and atypical pathological findings were observed. Conclusions: We propose that the clinical and pathological spectrum of core‐rod myopathy should be widened. A significant amount of residual nebulin expression is believed to contribute to the much milder phenotype exhibited by the patients we describe here. Muscle Nerve 53: 479–484, 2016     

大肠癌明胶酶和TGF-β1及其受体的表达

目的研究明胶酶（MMP-2,9）与转化生长因子（TGF-β1）及其Ⅰ型受体（TGF-β1RⅠ）在大肠癌组织中的蛋白表达及其相互关系。方法应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测89例大肠癌组织中MMP-2、MMP-9与TGF-β1、TGF-β1RⅠ蛋白的表达。结果大肠癌MMP-2、MMP-9、TGF-β1和TGF-β1RⅠ阳性率分别为67.4%、65.2%、85.4%和71.9%;MMP-2表达与肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移均呈正相关（均P〈0.01）,MMP-9表达与淋巴结转移呈正相关（P〈0.01）,TGF-β1RⅠ的表达与淋巴结转移呈负相关（P〈0．01）;TGF-β1表达状况与MMP-2和MMP-9的表达均呈显著正相关（r=0．256和0．365,P〈0．05和0．001）,TGF－β1RI和MMP-9的表达呈显著正相关（r=0．225,P〈0．05）。结论MMP－2,9的表达情况与大肠癌侵袭转移有密切关系。MMP-2,9的表达与TGF—β1、TGF-β1RI关系密切,可能在一定程度上受到TGF-β1及其受体的调控。     

An automated diagnostic system of polycystic ovary syndrome based on object growing

Objective

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that seriously affects women's health. The disorder is characterized by the formation of many follicles in the ovary. Currently the predominant diagnosis is to manually count the number of follicles, which may lead to inter-observer and intra-observer variability and low efficiency. A computer-aided PCOS diagnostic system may overcome these problems. However the methods reported in recently published literature are not very effective and often need human interaction. To overcome these problems, we propose an automated PCOS diagnostic system based on ultrasound images.

Methods and materials

The proposed system consists of two major functional blocks: preprocessing phase and follicle identification based on object growing. In the preprocessing phase, speckle noise in the input image is removed by an adaptive morphological filter, then contours of objects are extracted using an enhanced labeled watershed algorithm, and finally the region of interest is automatically selected. The object growing algorithm for follicle identification first computes a cost map to distinguish between the ovary and its external region and assigns each object a cost function based on the cost map. The object growing algorithm initially selects several objects that are likely to be follicles with very high probabilities and dynamically update the set of possible follicles based on their cost functions. The proposed method was applied to 31 real PCOS ultrasound images obtained from patients and its performance was compared with those of three other methods, including level set method, boundary vector field (BVF) method and the fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) classifier.

Results

Based on the judgment of subject matter experts, the proposed diagnostic system achieved 89.4% recognition rate (RR) and 7.45% misidentification rate (MR) while the RR and MR of the level set method, the BVF method and the FSVM classifier are around 65.3% and 2.11%, 76.1% and 4.53%, and 84.0% and 16.3%, respectively. The proposed diagnostic system also achieved better performance than those reported in recently published literature.

Conclusion

The paper proposed an automated diagnostic system for the PCOS using ultrasound images, which consists of two major functional blocks: preprocessing phase and follicle identification based on object growing. Experimental results showed that the proposed system is very effective in follicle identification for PCOS diagnosis.