Infiltration of CD8(+)TCRalphabeta(+) T-effector populations (CD8 effectors) into graft epithelial compartments has long been recognized as a key lesion in progression of clinical renal allograft rejection. While the afferent phase of allograft immunity is increasingly well-defined, the efferent pathways by which donor-reactive CD8-effector populations access and ultimately destroy the graft renal tubules (rejection per se) have received remarkably little attention. This is an important gap in our knowledge of transplantation immunology, because epithelial compartments comprise the functional elements of most commonly transplanted organs including not only kidney, but also liver, lung, pancreas, and intestine. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that attack of graft epithelial elements by CD8-effector populations not only causes short-term graft dysfunction but is also a major contributor to development of chronic allograft nephropathy and late graft loss, which now represent the salient clinical problems. Recent studies of the T-cell integrin, alpha(E)beta(7) (CD103), have provided insight into the mechanisms that promote interaction of CD8 effectors with graft epithelial compartments. The purpose of this communication is to review the known properties of the CD103 molecule and its postulated role in the efferent phase of renal allograft rejection. 相似文献
Knee anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery has significantly evolved and now includes the option of using an allograft.
This has resulted in numerous studies evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of allografts. The purpose of this literature
review is to evaluate this research and present important findings to allow the selection of the most appropriate graft source
when considering allograft versus autograft reconstruction. 相似文献
Catheter balloon angioplasty is a well accepted form of nonsurgical treatment of acutely and chronically obstructed coronary artery vessels. It is also the centerpiece for various new intervention techniques. Their morphologic effect on the site of obstruction has been termed “remodeling.” Part V of this six-part series focuses on remodeling effects of balloon angioplasty on obstructed young (≤ 1 year) and old (> 1 year) saphenous vein bypass grafts. 相似文献
Background. Hypoxia and warm ischemia produce severe injury to cardiac grafts harvested from non-heart-beating donors. To potentially improve recovery of such grafts, we studied the effects of intravenous phenylephrine preconditioning.
Methods. Thirty-seven blood-perfused rabbit hearts were studied. Three groups of non-heart-beating donors underwent intravenous treatment with phenylephrine at 12.5 (n = 8), 25 (n = 7), or 50 μg/kg (n = 7) before initiation of apnea. Non-heart-beating controls (n = 8) received saline vehicle. Hypoxic cardiac arrest occurred after 6 to 12 minutes of apnea, followed by 20 minutes of warm in vivo ischemia. A 45-minute period of ex vivo reperfusion ensued. Nonischemic controls (n = 7) were perfused without antecedent hypoxia or ischemia.
Results. Phenylephrine 25 μg/kg significantly delayed the onset of hypoxic cardiac arrest compared with saline controls (9.6 ± 0.5 versus 7.7 ± 0.4 minutes; p = 0.00001), yet improved recovery of left ventricular developed pressure compared with saline controls (57.1 ± 5.3 versus 41.0 ± 3.4 mm Hg; p = 0.04). Phenylephrine 25 μg/kg also yielded a trend toward less myocardial edema than saline vehicle (p = 0.09).
Conclusions. Functional recovery of nonbeating cardiac grafts is improved by preconditioning. We provide evidence that the myocardium can be preconditioned with phenylephrine against hypoxic cardiac arrest. 相似文献
Chelyabinsk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. D. Ado.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 3, pp. 299–301, March, 1992. 相似文献