Autogenous soft tissue grafting for periodontal and peri-implant plastic surgical reconstruction

This state-of-the-art review presents the latest evidence and the current status of autogenous soft tissue grafting for soft tissue augmentation and recession coverage at teeth and dental implant sites. The indications and predictability of the free gingival graft and connective tissue graft (CTG) techniques are highlighted, together with their expected clinical and esthetic outcomes. CTGs can be harvested from the maxillary tuberosity or from palate with different approaches that can have an impact on graft quality and patient morbidity. The influence of CTGs on soft tissue thickness and keratinized tissue width are also discussed.     

Gingival crevicular fluid levels of SLIT3 are increased in periodontal disease

This study aims to investigate the levels of SLIT3 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of healthy and periodontal disease subjects, and their correlations to periodontal disease. A total of 45 periodontal patients and 45 periodontally healthy volunteers were enrolled. The clinical parameters, radiographic bone loss and the levels of SLIT3, receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in GCF were measured. The prevalences of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia in subgingival plaque were also analyzed. The expression of SLIT3 and RANKL was detected in the periodontium of experimental periodontitis in rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced mouse macrophage. The total amounts and concentrations of SLIT3 and RANKL were significantly higher in periodontitis than those in healthy, while the level of OPG was significantly lower (p < .05). Significant positive correlations were observed between the level of GCF SLIT3 and clinical attachment level and radiographic bone loss (p < .05). There existed a significant positive correlation between SLIT3 and RANKL (p < .05). Increased expression of SLIT3 and RANKL was observed in the periodontium of periodontal rats. SLIT3 expression was induced by LPS stimulation in macrophages. These results suggest that SLIT3 may act as a diagnostic indicator of periodontal disease and should be further investigated.     

金属烤瓷冠修复体对牙龈健康的影响分析

目的：探讨如何减少金属烤瓷冠修复体对牙龈组织的炎症及牙龈缘着色的影响。方法随机选取口腔门诊做金属烤瓷冠修复体3年的患者80例,270颗修复体,对修复后牙龈炎症、牙龈缘着色的情况进行分析。结果17颗修复体出现牙龈炎症,占6．2％,20颗修复体出现牙龈缘着色,占7．4％。结论合理的设计、规范的牙体预备及基底冠金属材质的选择,能减少牙龈炎症和牙龈缘着色的发生。     

Efficacy of Human Chorion Membrane Allograft for Recession Coverage: A Case Series

Background : Membranes of human placentas have been used in the field of medicine for skin grafts, treatment of burns, and ulcerated skin conditions with great success. The use of placenta allografts in dentistry is a more recent development, with the first commercial product being made available in 2008. The unique inherent biologic properties in placenta allografts enhance wound healing and may propagate regeneration. Methods: Ten healthy adult patients presenting with 21 Miller Class I gingival recession (GR) defects (isolated or adjacent multiple) were surgically treated with a modified coronally advanced flap and chorion membrane for root coverage. Clinical parameters measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months were probing depth, clinical attachment level, GR height, width of keratinized gingiva, and assessment of gingival biotype. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the treatment outcomes at the follow‐up intervals. Results: The results showed statistically significant (P <0.001) improvements in all clinical parameters at the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups. The mean percentage of root coverage at the end of 6 months was 89.92% ± 15.59%, and 14 of 21 treated GR defects showed 100% root coverage. The gingival biotype also showed a thick biotype in nine sites that had an initial thin biotype. Conclusions: Fetal membranes possess distinctive properties that can be harnessed to promote periodontal healing. The chorion membrane covered by a modified coronally advanced flap is a new approach that has shown promising results in terms of root coverage, increased width of keratinized tissue, and thickness of the gingival biotype.     

Comparative evaluation of surgical modalities for coverage of gingival recession: An Armed Forces Medical College perspective

Background

Esthetics represents an inseparable part of today''s oral therapy, and several procedures have been proposed to preserve or enhance it. Gingival recessions may cause hypersensitivity, impaired esthetics and root caries. Keeping in mind patient''s desire for improved esthetics and other related problems, every effort should be made to achieve complete root coverage.

Methods

Different types of modalities have been introduced to treat gingival recession including displaced flaps, free gingival graft, connective tissue graft, different type of barrier membranes and combination of different techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the commonly used techniques for gingival recession coverage and evaluate the results obtained. 73 subjects were selected for the present study who were randomly divided into four groups and were followed at baseline and 180 days where following parameters were recorded: (a) Assessment of gingival recession depth (RD); (b) Assessment of pocket depth (PD); (c) Assessment of clinical attachment level (CAL) and (d) Assessment of width of attached gingiva (WAG).

Results

Results of this study showed statistically significant reduction of gingival recession, with concomitant attachment gain, following treatment with all tested surgical techniques. However, SCTG with CAF technique showed the highest percentage gain in coverage of recession depth as well as gain in keratinized gingiva. Similar results were obtained with CAF alone. The use of GTR and other techniques showed less predictable coverage and gain in keratinized gingiva.

Conclusion

Connective tissue grafts were statistically significantly superior to guided tissue regeneration for improvement in gingival recession reduction.     

外直肌超常量后徙固定在知觉性外斜视手术中的应用

目的 观察外直肌超常量后徙固定在知觉性外斜视手术中的远期疗效,分析其应用价值.方法 回顾性分析我科2012年5月至2013年9月行外直肌超常量后徙固定的知觉性外斜视病例12例.外斜视度数均＞50△,患眼固视功能差.在斜视眼行外直肌超常量后徙固定(缝合于原肌止点后12.0 mm)联合内直肌缩短术(4.0～7.0 mm),观察术后眼位、眼球运动、眼面外观及视功能远期疗效.结果 随访13 ～ 27个月后,12例患者术后眼位正位,眼球外转稍有受限;眼面外观良好;均获得较稳定的患眼固视能力,但未建立明确的双眼视功能.结论 外直肌超常量后徙固定稳定了后徙外直肌的位置,减少了手术肌肉条数,具有安全可行、远期疗效稳定等优点.     

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目的评价单纯牙周基础治疗对苯妥英钠(PHT)所致药物性牙龈增生的治疗效果。方法选择佛山市禅城区向阳医院·禅城区口腔医院2011年1月至2013年6月因服用PHT导致牙龈增生的患者16例,在不停药亦不换药的情况下行牙周基础治疗,并于治疗前及治疗后1、3、6个月进行牙龈增生指数(GHI)、菌斑指数(PLI)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)、探诊深度(PD)等临床指标检查。结果单纯牙周基础治疗后1、3、6个月的GHI、PLI、SBI、PD各项临床指标逐步改善,牙龈炎症逐步减轻,牙龈增生状况持续好转;与治疗前基线相比,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论单纯牙周基础治疗对PHT所致药物性牙龈增生有效。