Prognostic Interplay of Functional Status and Multimorbidity Among Older Patients Discharged From Hospital

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic weight of multimorbidity and functional impairment over long-term mortality among older patients discharged from acute care hospitals.DesignA prospective multicenter observational study.Setting and ParticipantsOur series consisted of 1967 adults aged ≥65 years consecutively admitted to acute care wards in Italy, in the context of the Report-AGE project.MethodsAfter signing a written informed consent, all patients underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment by Inter-RAI Minimum Data Set acute care. The primary endpoint of the present study was long-term mortality. Patients were grouped into 3 functional clusters and 3 disease clusters using the K-medians cluster analysis. The association of functional clusters, disease clusters, and Charlson score categories with long-term mortality was investigated through Cox regression analysis and the intercluster classification agreement was further estimated. Finally, the additive effect of either disease clusters or Charlson score on predictive ability of functional clusters was assessed by using changes in Harrell’s C-index and categorical Net Reclassification Index (NRI).ResultsFunctional clusters, disease clusters, and Charlson score were significant predictors of long-term mortality, but the interclassification agreement was poor. Functional clusters predicted mortality with greater accuracy [C-index 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.68] compared with disease clusters (C-index 0.54, 95% CI 0.53–0.56), and Charlson score (C-index 0.58, 95% CI 0.56–0.59). Adding multimorbidity (NRI 0.23, 95% CI 0.14–0.31) or Charlson score (NRI 0.13, 95% CI 0.03–0.20) to functional cluster model slightly improved the accuracy of prediction.Conclusions and ImplicationsFunctional impairment may better predict prognosis compared with multimorbidity, which may be relevant to optimally address individuals’ needs and to design tailored preventive interventions.     

西沙比利对功能性消化不良病人胃肠激素的影响

①目的探讨西沙比利对功能性消化不良病人胃肠激素影响.②方法采用放射免疫法测定98例功能性消化不良病人西沙比利治疗前后血浆胃动素、促胃液素、血管活性肠肽和生长抑素水平.③结果西沙比利可使功能性消化不良病人临床症状明显改善(x2=20.22,10.10,P＜0.01),同时血浆中胃动素由(85.2士13.7)pmol/L升高至(131.5±15.6)pmol/L,差异有显著性(t=22.08,P＜0.01).④结论西沙比利可明显改善功能性消化不良病人的临床症状,同时升高血浆中胃动素水平.     

Clinical observation on Xiaoyu decoction () plus psychotherapy in treating functional dyspepsia) plus psychotherapy in treating functional dyspepsia

Objective: To explore the relationship between mental symptoms and functional dyspepsia (FD), and the effect of Xiaoyu decoction (XYD) plus psychotherapy on FD.Methods: SCL-90 scale and FD symptom scale were used to estimate the condition of 56 healthy subjects and 56 patients of FD before and after 4 weeks treatment with XYD plus psychotherapy.Results: There was significant difference in SCL-90 scales between the healthy subjects and the FD patients before treatment (P < 0. 01). After treatment, the mental symptoms and the symptom of FD in the patients were markedly improved, as compared with those before treatment, the difference was significant (P < 0.01).Conclusion: Mental symptoms, such as depression and anxiety existed commonly in FD patients, were closely related to FD. XYD plus psychotherapy could cure it effectively.     

Long-Term Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life at Minimum 10-Year Follow-Up After Fixed-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty and Total Knee Arthroplasty for Isolated Medial Compartment Osteoarthritis

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to compare the long-term functional outcome and quality of life between total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for the treatment of isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2008, a total of 218 patients underwent primary UKA at our tertiary hospital. A TKA group was matched through 1:1 propensity score matching and adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, preoperative knee flexion, and function scores. All patients had medial compartment osteoarthritis. The patients were assessed with the range of motion, Knee Society Knee Score and Knee Society Function Score, Oxford Knee Score, Short Form-36 physical component score (PCS) and mental component score preoperatively, at 6 months, 2 years, and 10 years. Patients’ satisfaction, expectation fulfillment, and minimal clinically important difference were analyzed.ResultsThere were no differences in baseline characteristics between groups after propensity score matching (P > .05). UKA had greater knee flexion at all time points. Although the Knee Society Function Score was superior in UKA by 5.5, 3, and 4.3 points at 6 months, 2 years, and 10 years, respectively (P < .001), these differences did not exceed the minimal clinically important difference (Knee Society Knee Score 6.1). There were no significant differences in the Oxford Knee Score and Short Form-36 physical component score/mental component score. At 10 years, similar proportions of UKA and TKA were satisfied (90.8% vs 89.9%, P = .44) and had expectation fulfillment (89.4% vs 88.5%, P = .46). Between 2 and 10 years, all function scores deteriorated significantly for both groups (P < .01).ConclusionUKA and TKA are excellent treatment modalities for isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis, with similar functional outcomes, quality of life, and satisfaction at 10 years.     

The Functional Status of the ACL in Varus OA of the Knee: The Association With Varus Deformity and Coronal Tibiofemoral Subluxation

BackgroundThe present article analyzes the association of the functional anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) status and the overall varus deformity and coronal tibiofemoral subluxation (CTFS) in varus OA of the knee.MethodsOne hundred consecutive knees with varus OA in 84 patients were prospectively included. Knees were divided into two groups, in accordance with the ACL status (functionally sufficient or insufficient). All included patients were potential candidates for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with predominantly medial compartment OA. Knees with Kellgren/Lawrence ≥ grade 3 in the lateral compartment were excluded leaving 79 knees to be included in this study. Mechanical varus deformity and CTFS were evaluated on AP radiographs and valgus stress radiographs, and compared between the two groups.ResultsKnees with a functionally insufficient ACL had significantly more varus deformity on hip-to-ankle AP standing radiographs (P = .001) and on valgus stress radiographs (P = .017). CTFS on AP standing radiographs was significantly higher (P = .045) in knees with a functionally insufficient ACL. Seventy-three percent (8/11) of the ACL-insufficient knees had a varus deformity of ≥10° and 64% (7/11) of ACL-insufficient knees had CTFS ≥ 6mm. By contrast, only one patient (2%, 1/41) with an insufficient ACL had< 10° varus deformity and a CTFS of < 6mm.ConclusionFunctional ACL insufficiency in osteoarthritic varus knees is associated with greater varus deformity and more advanced CTFS. Seventy-three percent of ACL-insufficient knees had a varus deformity of ≥10° and 64% of ACL-insufficient knees a CTFS of ≥ 6mm. In the work-up for medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, functional ACL insufficiency is likely in knees with varus deformity of ≥10° and CTFS of ≥ 6mm.     

Frailty,Race/Ethnicity,Functional Status,and Adverse Outcomes After Total Hip/Knee Arthroplasty: A Moderation Analysis

BackgroundAlthough frailty has been shown to be associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), prior studies have not examined how race/ethnicity might moderate these associations. We aimed to assess race/ethnicity as a potential moderator of the associations of frailty and functional status with arthroplasty outcomes.MethodsThe National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried for patients who underwent THA or TKA from 2011 to 2017. Frailty was assessed using the modified frailty index. Regression analyses were conducted to examine associations connecting frailty/functional status with 30-day readmission, adverse discharge, and length of stay (LOS). Further analyses were conducted to investigate race/ethnicity as a potential moderator of these relationships.ResultsWe identified 219,143 TKA and 130,022 THA patients. Frailty and nonindependent functional status were positively associated with all outcomes (P < .001). Compared to White non-Hispanic patients, Black non-Hispanic patients had higher odds for all outcomes after TKA (P < .001) and for adverse discharge/longer LOS after THA (P < .001). Similar associations were observed for Hispanics for the adverse discharge/LOS outcomes. Race/ethnicity moderated the effects of frailty in TKA for all outcomes and in THA for adverse discharge/LOS. Race/ethnicity moderated the effects of nonindependent function in TKA for adverse discharge/LOS and on LOS alone for THA.ConclusionDisparities for Black non-Hispanic and Hispanic patients persist for readmission, adverse discharge, and LOS. However, the effects of increasing frailty and nonindependent functional status on these outcomes were the most pronounced among White non-Hispanic patients.     

居家模拟培训对老年髋关节置换患者康复效果的影响

目的探讨开展居家模拟培训提高老年髋关节置换患者康复的效果。方法按住院时间将老年髋关节置换患者162例分为对照组80例和观察组82例,对照组采取骨科常规护理方式进行康复指导,观察组在常规护理基础上由高级责任护士实施全程居家生活与出行路径的模拟培训。于入院时、术后1个月、3个月、6个月评价两组Harris髋关节功能评分与Barthel指数。结果观察组Harris髋关节功能评分及Barthel指数评分显著高于对照组(均P<0.01)。结论开展居家模拟培训有利于促进老年髋关节置换术后患者康复,提高日常生活能力。     

功能锻炼决策辅助对单侧全膝关节置换恐动症患者的影响

目的探讨决策辅助对单侧全膝关节置换恐动症患者术后功能锻炼依从性的影响。方法按照住院时间将单侧全膝关节置换术后恐动症患者143例分为对照组72例和干预组71例。对照组给予常规治疗和护理,干预组在循证基础上,通过专家会议,构建并实施功能锻炼决策辅助方案。比较两组患者出院时、术后1个月和3个月功能锻炼依从性、恐动症和膝关节功能评分。结果干预后两组功能锻炼依从性、恐动症和膝关节功能评分的时间效应、组间效应和交互效应显著(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论决策辅助有利于提高单侧全膝关节置换恐动症患者术后功能锻炼依从性,降低恐动水平,改善其膝关节功能。     

岗梅全长转录组测序及其三萜皂苷生物合成相关基因的挖掘

目的:获得岗梅全长转录组数据库,为深入挖掘岗梅功能基因奠定基础。方法:采用基于PacBio Sequel平台的单分子实时测序技术获取岗梅的根、茎、叶样品的转录组数据,并利用非冗余蛋白(NR)、核苷酸序列(NT)、SwissProt蛋白序列数据库、京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)、真核生物相邻类的聚簇(KOG)、蛋白家族(Pfam)、基因本体(GO)进行注释,分析并鉴定编码三萜皂苷生物合成的关键酶的转录本。结果:全长转录组共获得89629个转录本,其中81313个在公共数据库进行了注释。KEEG代谢通路富集分析表明,623个转录本参与岗梅中三萜皂苷合成相关的3条代谢通路,其中263个转录本编码了三萜皂苷生物合成途径的21个关键酶。此外,还预测了2471个转录因子、40421个简单重复序列位点、22119个长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)和29131个mRNA。结论:丰富了岗梅的转录组数据,并为鉴定参与三萜皂苷和其他次生代谢物生物合成的候选基因提供参考,促进其分子生物学和基因组学的研究。     

通腑解毒方联合六合丹辅助西医治疗急性胰腺炎临床研究

目的:观察通腑解毒方联合六合丹辅助西医治疗急性胰腺炎的临床疗效及对患者肠功能屏障、肝功能、炎症反应的影响。方法:将157例急性胰腺炎患者采用简单随机法分为西医组(n=78)和辨证组(n=79)。西医组给予西医治疗,辨证组在西医组治疗基础上给予通腑解毒方灌肠联合六合丹外敷治疗。比较两组临床相关指标、中医症候积分、疗效、28 d病死率、血清学指标。结果:辨证组总有效率高于西医组,腹痛、腹胀缓解时间及首次排便时间、进食时间均短于西医组(均P<0.05)。治疗后,两组各项中医症候积分较治疗前下降,且辨证组低于西医组(均P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血、尿淀粉酶及二胺氧化酶(DAO)、D-乳酸、谷草转氨酶(AST)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、单核细胞趋化因子-1(MCP-1)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平均较治疗前下降,且辨证组低于西医组(均P<0.05)。两组28 d病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:通腑解毒方联合六合丹辅助西医治疗急性胰腺炎可促进腹痛、腹胀的缓解,保护肠功能屏障,抑制炎症反应,提高疗效。