Effect of benzene and its homologs on unit activity in various brain structures

Department of Normal Physiology, Irkutsk Medical Institute (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR K. V. Sudakov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 110, No. 7, pp. 17–19, July, 1990.     

少年运动员营养强化食品食用效果观察

目的：研究开发适合少年运动员特殊营养需要的营养强化食品。方法：采用试验对照方法,分析了食用营养强化食品后,运动员的身体发育、身体机能及某些生化指标的变化,并与对照组比较。结果：试验组运动员身体发育,身体机能及生化指标优于对照组。结论：营养强化食品可改善少年运动员营养状况,促进身体发育。     

富锌鹌鹑蛋对儿童血锌铜钙营养的影响

目的了解富锌鹌鹑蛋对儿童生长发育和血清锌铜钙和其他生化的影响。方法在幼儿园挑选７３名４～４５岁全托健康儿童,随机分为两组,实验组３７例、对照组３６例,两组在同一膳食基础上,用称重法记录食物摄入量,实验组每人每日吃鹌鹑蛋５枚。对照组每人每日服１０％硫酸锌１０ｍｌ。结果两组儿童体格发育比较,实验组身高、体重、上臂肌围和三角肌皮皱厚度较实验前明显增加（Ｐ＜００５）,对照组身高、上臂围和三角肌皮皱厚度较前明显增加（Ｐ＜００５）,两组间体重身高无明显差异（Ｐ＞００５）,上臂肌围和三角肌皱厚度增加有组间差异（Ｐ＜００５）。实验后对照组血红蛋白下降,血清铜、游离原卟啉上升与实验组有显著差异（Ｐ＜００５）,实验组血红蛋白、游离原卟啉、血清铜变化不大。结论富锌鹌鹑蛋有益于儿童生长发育,对铁和血红蛋白影响小,硫酸锌可能干扰铁的吸收,营养状况好的儿童不宜盲目补锌。     

Use of Social Services by Pregnant Medicaid Eligible Women in Baltimore

Objectives: To use linked health and social service databases to determine differences in the use of social services by pregnant women in different managed care systems. Methods: Comparison of service use by women enrolled in a fee-for-service primary care case management program (Maryland Access to Care or MAC), in a capitated health maintenance organization (HMO), or not assigned to managed care using six state databases. Participants included 5181 women receiving Medical Assistance (MA) and delivering in Baltimore City in 1993. Outcome measures were receipt of WIC, AFDC, and Food Stamps. Results: The overall proportions of women receiving WIC, AFDC, and Food Stamps at delivery were 52.7%, 89.2%, and 62.7%, respectively. Women enrolled in an HMO at delivery were less likely to be receiving WIC (adjusted odds ratios, 0.8, 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.93), AFDC (OR, 0.20; CI, 0.03 to 0.43 for women with prior children and OR 0.13; CI, 0.09 to 0.20 for women without prior children), and Food Stamps (OR 0.77; CI, 0.59 to 0.95 for women with prior children and OR, 0.49; CI, 0.35 to 0.67 for women without prior children) than their MAC counterparts. Women not assigned to managed care also generally were less likely than their MAC counterparts to receive WIC (OR 0.55; CI, 0.46, 0.66), AFDC (OR 1.07; CI 0.83,1.30 for women with prior children and OR 0.24; CI 0.18,0.34 for women without prior children), and Food Stamps (OR 0.31; CI 0.08, 0.55 for women with prior children and OR 0.31; CI 0.23, 0.41 for women without prior children). Conclusions: Although many low-income pregnant women qualify for select social services, receipt of WIC and Food Stamps was low. Increasing efforts are needed by managed care systems and public health agencies to ensure delivery of appropriate services for women.     

The relative ethylumbelliferone dealkylase activity characterizing the effect of different inducers on the hydroxylase system in the liver musomes of female mice

d,l-Camphor was detected as a new inducer of hydroxylase in the liver musomes of female mice. After a 2-day inhalation of d,l-camphor, cyt. P-450 and the ethylumbelliferone dealkylase were increased by 250 per cent and the NADPH-cyt. P-450 reductase by 350 per cent. The product [NADPH-cyt. P-450 reductase activity × cyt. P450 concentration] was shown to be a suitable reference parameter for the ethylumbelliferone dealkylase activity in the liver musomes during the treatment with four different inducers. The relative dealkylase activity Q was much decreased during inhalation of cyclohexane or d,l-camphor.

$\text{Q =}\text{mU ethylumbelliferone dealkylase}\text{mU NADPH-cty. P-450 reductase × nmoles cty. P-450/mg protein}$

Obviously these two inducers preferably enhanced cyt. P-450 species with a low dealkylase activity. The Q-values were reproducible. Q was increased by 100 per cent during induction of a MC-sensitive mouse strain with 3-methylcholanthrene, but it was only moderately decreased by induction with phenobarbital. Corresponding to this, methylcholanthrene is known to selectively induce a cyt. P-448 with high dealkylase activity whereas phenobarbital is known to change the hydroxylase specificity in the liver musomes not very much.     

Randomised controlled trial of advice on an egg exclusion diet in young children with atopic eczema and sensitivity to eggs

Background: The role of exclusion diets in the management of atopic eczema in young children is uncertain. This randomised controlled trial evaluates the effect of excluding egg from the diet in young children with atopic eczema and sensitivity to eggs. Fifty-five such children were randomised either to a 4-week regimen, in which mothers were given general advice on care of eczema and additional specific advice from a dietician about an egg exclusion diet (diet group), or to a control group in which general advice only was given. Both groups continued conventional topical treatment. Disease activity was assessed by estimates of the surface area affected by eczema and by an arbitrary severity score. Possible egg sensitivity was identified by RAST before randomisation and after the trial by double-blind placebo-controlled egg challenge. Results: The mean reduction in surface area affected by eczema was significantly greater (p = 0.02) in the group receiving dietary advice (from 19.6% to 10.9% area affected) than in the control group (from 21.9% to 18.9%). A significant improvement also occurred in severity score (p=0.04): from 33.9 to 24.0 units for the diet group compared with a decrease from 36.7 to 33.5 in the control group. The study suggests that advice on the dietary exclusion of eggs is useful as part of the overall management of young children with atopic eczema and sensitivity to eggs.     

鲜蛋的品质安全与控制

本文作者根据我国鲜蛋生产的实际,提出鲜蛋品质安全控制措施防止食源性疾病发生,以确保鲜蛋的食品卫生与安全。     

Food, health, the environment and consumers' dietary choices

The aim of this paper is to examine some of the issues that surround food and the environment, particularly conventional and organic agriculture and food distribution, and to look at some of the health implications. It is argued that the links between food, health and the environment are strong. Consumers have the power to have an impact positively or negatively on the environment via their dietary choices. By providing information and advice about the environmental as well as the health impact of food choices, health and nutrition professionals could increase consumers' awareness of such issues.