颈椎动态稳定器植入术治疗颈椎病的临床疗效观察

目的：观察颈椎动态稳定器（DCI）治疗颈椎病的早期临床疗效,探讨其应用的安全性及有效性.方法：自2009年6月至2011年12月,收治符合DCI植入指征的颈椎病患者19例,其中男8例,女11例;年龄35～54岁,平均43.2岁.脊髓型颈椎病5例,神经根型颈椎病14例.病变节段：C3,4 1例,C4,56例,C5,66例,C6,74例,C3,4合并C5,6、C6,72例.19例患者均行颈前路椎间盘切除、椎管减压后DCI植入术,其中2例同时行颈前路椎体次全切除、植骨融合钢板内固定术.术前和末次随访采用改良日本骨科学会17分法（mJOA）、颈椎残障功能量表（NDI）评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）扣患者满意度（PSI）评价临床疗效.测量DCI植入节段的活动度（ROM）和椎间隙高度（DHI）以及相邻节段的ROM.采用Miyazaki颈椎间盘退变分级方法评定相邻节段椎间盘退变情况.结果：所有患者获得随访,时间12～42个月,平均19.8个月.mJOA评分术前13.6±1.1,末次随访16.3±1.2,平均改善率为85.0％;NDI评分术前17.1±7.4,末次随访6.1±3.9;VAS评分术前6.6±1.4,末次随访1.4±0.8;以上指标末次随访与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.DCI植入节段术前ROM （7.6±1.9）°,末次随访（7.8±2.1）°;C2-C7节段术前ROM （38.6±7.2）°,末次随访（39.9±6.4）°;以上指标末次随访与术前比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.DCI植入节段DHI术前（6.3±1.1）mm,末次随访（7.1±0.8）mm,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.随访未见异位骨化.MRI随访发现38个相邻节段中3个（8％）椎间盘退变分级加重1级,但无相关临床症状出现.结论：应用颈椎动态稳定器治疗颈椎病早期随访的临床效果满意,手术节段活动度得到一定的保留,相邻节段退变发生率较低,无相邻节段病发生,但仍然需要更长期的随访来进一步评价其功能和对邻近节段的影响.     

Update on anaplastic large cell lymphoma in women with breast implants

Since 1997, reports from the scientific community have suggested a possible association, without causation, between breast implants and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Analysis of these patients has been challenging. Many studies have been under-reported while others have been duplicated. In 2011, a United States Food & Drug Administration (FDA) ‘white paper’ analyzed 34 of the 60 cases reported worldwide. All 34 patients had undergone secondary surgery for breast swelling, firmness or pain. ALCL was an incidental finding. Diagnosis of ALCL is made by hematoxylin and eosin histology and immunochemistry for the CD30 marker. ALCL occurred with all types of implants. Subsequent studies have suggested that textured implants may have a greater risk. In all cases, ALCL cells were found in the capsule, in the seroma or within a mass adjacent to the implant. There was no invasion of cells beyond the capsule into the breast parenchyma. From the FDA study, the risk of developing ALCL after receiving implants appears to be approximately one in one million per year. All cases appear to be negative for the anaplastic lymphoma kinase marker. ALCL in most of these patients may represent a new entity with less aggressive behaviour. In most patients with capsule-confined disease, proper management may prove to be implant removal and capsulectomy. Patients with a distinct mass adjacent to their implant may have a more aggressive clinical course that may become systemic. They may require chemotherapy in addition to implant removal and capsulectomy. All cases of ALCL should be referred to an appropriate specialist and reported to the FDA.     

Novel implant for peri-prosthetic proximal tibia fractures

BackgroundRepair of peri-prosthetic proximal tibia fractures is very challenging in patients with a total knee replacement or arthroplasty. The tibial component of the knee implant severely restricts the fixation points of the tibial implant to repair peri-prosthetic fractures. A novel implant has been designed with an extended flange over the anterior of tibial condyle to provide additional points of fixation, overcoming limitations of existing generic locking plates used for proximal tibia fractures. Furthermore, the screws fixed through the extended flange provide additional support to prevent the problem of subsidence of tibial component of knee implant.MethodsThe design methodology involved extraction of bone data from CT scans into a flexible CAD format, implant design and structural evaluation and optimisation using FEM as well as prototype development and manufacture by selective laser melting 3D printing technology with Ti6Al4 V powder.ResultsA prototype tibia implant was developed based on a patient-specific bone structure, which was regenerated from the CT images of patient’s tibia. The design is described in detail and being applied to fit up to 80% of patients, for both left and right sides based on the average dimensions and shape of the bone structure from a wide range of CT images.ConclusionA novel tibial implant has been developed to repair peri-prosthetic proximal tibia fractures which overcomes significant constraints from the tibial component of existing knee implant.     

数字化微笑设计在前牙瓷贴面美学修复中的应用及其修复效果分析

目的：分析结合数字化微笑设计（DSD）进行前牙瓷贴面修复患者的术后满意度及修复体的修复效果,探讨其在前牙美学修复中的应用。方法：选择因四环素牙、氟斑牙、牙体着色、轻度釉质缺损和前牙散在间隙等原因要求进行美学修复,且临床诊断符合贴面修复适应证的患者32例共91颗前牙。术前采用DSD软件对患者进行牙齿形态的美学分析及虚拟修复效果的预览,并在设计结果指导下进行牙体预备,常规印模制取后制作IPS e-max瓷贴面,最后完成永久修复体的戴入。在治疗完成后采用调查问卷的形式让患者对修复体的外形、与邻牙协调程度、颜色、发音、微笑效果和医患交流等6项内容作出满意度评价,并在治疗后1、3、6和12个月参照改良版美国公共卫生署（USPHS）标准对瓷贴面的临床修复效果进行评估。结果：患者对于各项调查内容的满意率均可达90%以上,其中对于微笑效果和医患交流2项满意率高达100%。将DSD应用于瓷贴面修复后,患者对于最终修复体的功能、美学效果和医患交流体验等各方面满意度较高。各时期修复体临床表现,修复后1个月,4颗牙齿出现轻度牙龈炎,3颗牙齿出现术后敏感;修复后3个月,1颗修复体出现不影响美观及功能的微小缺损,3颗牙齿出现牙龈轻度红肿,1颗修复体轻微变色;修复后6个月,1颗修复体出现切缘缺损,4颗牙齿出现轻度牙龈炎;修复后12个月,2颗牙齿出现修复体缺损,3颗牙齿修复体边缘欠密合,1颗牙齿出现牙龈炎。修复后出现牙龈炎症反应的患者在经过正确的口腔卫生指导后牙周状况均有明显好转,且上述缺损均不影响修复体的美观和功能,调磨后可正常使用,医患双方对修复体的修复效果均满意。结论：将DSD与瓷贴面修复联合应用是一种可获得较高患者满意度和理想修复效果的前牙美学修复方案。     

Randomized control trial to study the efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma as intraoperative holding solution in hair restoration surgery: A pilot study

BackgroundHair restoration surgery is a definitive surgical procedure undertaken for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has gained importance in recent times as a valuable adjunct to therapy in hair restoration. However, the various beneficial effects of PRP as intraoperative holding solution hair restoration surgery remain to be objectively defined.MethodsTwenty cases of AGA were allocated into two groups (PRP and non-PRP). The follicular grafts harvested were stored in platelet-rich plasma/chilled ringers lactate solution depending on subject/control and were implanted in receding hairline using hair implanters. Patients were reviewed at the end of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months using clinical and folliculoscopic images. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0.ResultsFollicular growth as assessed using the percentage of grafts in actively growing phase posttransplant showed faster recovery from ‘shock effluvium’ in the PRP group when compared with the non-PRP group from Week 4, through Week 8 and 3 months with the ‘lead’ increases of percentage growth difference being statistically significant(P = 0.02) between the two groups. At the end of 6 months, 100% of patients recorded a hair shaft length of >10 mm in the PRP group, whereas only 20% achieved >10 mm length. The difference in hair densities between PRP and the non-PRP group from 4 weeks up to 6 months in the non PRP group remained significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionIntraoperative PRP as a holding solution improves outcome in hair restoration surgery by a significant improvement in the mean density of the implanted follicular unit grafts at 6 months.     

铸瓷高嵌体修复年轻恒磨牙缺损的美学及修复质量分析

目的分析铸瓷高嵌体修复年轻恒磨牙缺损的美学及修复质量。 方法选取第一恒磨牙牙体缺损年轻患者74例,随机均分为对照组(树脂充填)和观察组(铸瓷高嵌体修复)。采用美国公共健康服务评价标准(USPHS/Ryge临床评价标准)比较两组修复后6个月、1年、2年的美学及修复质量。 结果观察组修复6个月后邻接关系优于对照组,修复1年后修复体外形、邻接关系优于对照组,修复2年后修复体外形、表面、边缘密合性、邻接关系优于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组外观总满意度高于对照组(P＜0.05)。对照组患侧咬合力低于对侧(P＜0.05),而观察组两侧无明显差异(P＞0.05)。 结论铸瓷高嵌体修复年轻恒磨牙缺损,其美学及修复质量较好,值得临床推广使用。     

BEGO种植系统在前牙区的临床应用体会

目的:观察应用BEGO种植系统进行前牙区种植修复的临床效果。方法:应用BEGO种植系统对302例部分前牙缺失患者进行即刻或延期种植,共植入482枚种植体,采用金属烤瓷冠桥或氧化锆全瓷冠桥修复。通过临床检查及X线检查,评估种植体周骨高度丧失情况。结果:观察1～4.5年,3颗种植体于种植后6个月进行二期手术时发现未形成骨结合,松动取出;其余种植体均稳固无松动,完成冠桥修复,成功率达99.4%,患者对临床效果满意。结论:BEGO种植系统应用于前牙区其操作简单可靠,可以取得较理想的前牙区美学效果。     

内上方真皮腺体蒂乳房成形术在多种乳房畸形中的应用

目的探讨内上方真皮腺体蒂乳房成形术对乳房肥大及乳房假体、聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶取出后的乳房畸形进行修复的疗效。方法对36例乳房肥大及乳房假体、聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶取出后乳房畸形的患者,行携带或不携带Wfiringer乳房水平中隔内上方真皮腺体蒂乳房成形术修复。结果36例患者,术后胸骨上凹至乳头距离为（20．10±1．94）cm,平均上提乳头7．5cm（4～13cm）,并且均未出现血肿及乳头、乳晕复合体坏死等并发症。2例发生小段切口裂开（发生率为5．56％）,其余均为I期愈合。28例获随访6～18个月,乳头、乳晕感觉良好,切口瘢痕不明显,乳房外形满意。结论应用内上方真皮腺体蒂术式可使乳房得到良好的塑形,同时又能充分保留乳头、乳晕复合体的血运及感觉功能,疗效满意。