麻芍平喘汤对支气管哮喘冷哮证患者中医症状和生存质量的影响

目的:评价麻芍平喘汤对支气管哮喘冷哮证患者中医症状、生存质量及外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(Eos)和血清炎症因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6),白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的影响。方法:选取2018年1月至2019年12月安徽省中医院呼吸门诊就诊的支气管哮喘冷哮证患者67例,随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组予布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂吸入等基础治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予麻芍平喘汤口服。两组均连续干预7 d。观察记录两组哮喘患者一般情况、中医症状积分,哮喘控制问卷(ACQ)-7评分,Marks-哮喘生存质量问卷(Marks-AQLQ)评分;采用血细胞分析仪检测外周血Eos计数,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测受试者血清IL-6,IL-8的含量。结果:两组中医症状疗效总有效率均为100%(30/30),观察组疗效更明显(Z=-2.169,P<0.05)。治疗后,两组中医症状积分均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.01),观察组喉中痰鸣、咯痰、咳嗽、畏寒肢冷证候积分组间均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组ACQ-7评分,Marks-AQLQ评分均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.01),观察组ACQ-7评分,Marks-AQLQ评分组间比较差异无统计学意义。治疗后,两组外周血Eos计数和血清IL-6,IL-8含量均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.01),观察组外周血Eos计数和血清IL-6,IL-8含量均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:麻芍平喘汤联合布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入治疗能有效提高哮喘冷哮证临床有效率,改善哮喘中医症状表现,ACQ-7评分,Marks-AQLQ评分,外周血Eos计数,血清炎症因子含量。     

医院护理管理者素质测评研究现状与展望

对护理管理者素质测评研究的目的和意义、医院护理管理者素质测评研究的现状及展望进行了综述。     

基于颜色-成分关联的余甘子商品等级划分分析

目的 为余甘子商品规格等级划分提供科学依据。方法 收集当前市场流通余甘子共计30批,提取直径、厚度、粒重、表皮颜色L^*,a^*,b^*值为外观指标进行量化测量,采用高效液相色谱法测定没食子酸、柯里拉京、诃黎勒酸、鞣花酸的含量,利用描述统计分析、方差分析、主成分分析确定各鉴别主征重要程度,探索外观指标与内在成分的相关性,制定余甘子商品等级划分标准,运用肝癌HepG2细胞实验验证其科学性。结果 相关性分析结果表明,表皮颜色L^*,a^*,b^*值与柯里拉京、诃黎勒酸、鞣花酸呈极显著负相关（|r|>0.5,P<0.01）,与没食子酸相关性不强（|r|<0.1）,综合考虑各指标的变异系数、主成分分析结果及没食子酸作为《中华人民共和国药典》余甘子质控指标,最终确定表皮颜色L^*,a^*,b^*值、没食子酸含量作为分级指标;根据K-均值聚类分析结果,当同时满足表皮颜色L^*<44,a^*<7,b^*<10,没食子酸含量>1.6%可判定为一等品;当不能同时满足上述条件判定为二等品。肝癌HepG2细胞实验表明一等品半抑制浓度（IC₅₀值）低于二等品。此外,利用表皮颜色L^*,a^*,b^*值制定比色卡,为余甘子商品等级的现场评价提供了可视化工具。结论 该研究初步建立了余甘子商品等级标准,有利于引导余甘子商品市场流通分档议价、优质优价。     

基于量表等级化和主成分分析法探究缺血性中风证候要素与治法间关系

目的 运用数据挖掘技术对缺血性中风治法的分布进行研究,评估其临床疗效价值。方法 检索1978年1月至2018年12月中国期刊全文数据库（China National KnowledgeInfrastructure Database,CNKI）,维普中文科技期刊数据库（China Science and Technology Periodical Database,VIP）,万方数据库（Wanfang Data）,中国生物医学文献数据库（Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,Sino Med）。基于上述四大数据库内检索有关中医药、中西医结合治疗缺血性中风临床观察、研究文献。对各个文献证候、治法、方药等信息进行规范化、等级化采集处理后建立缺血性中风证候要素与治法数据库。运用量表评价和等级化赋分方法分析证候要素和治法,通过Kendall''s tau-b相关分析、主成分分析等多种统计方法描述缺血性中风证候要素与治法之间、各证候要素间、各治法间的相关性及其分布。结果 通过异质性分析结果显示纳入文献具有同质性、可进行后续统计量的合并。本研究共纳入450条证候、治法,经统一规范化拆分后得到1 287个单一证候要素,1 562个单一治法。各证候要素与其相对应的治法（除窍闭-开窍）均具有较高的相关性,除了相对应的证候要素与治法外,痰湿-益气（-0.52）,气虚-开窍（-0.56）也具有较高的相关性。课题组以Ⅰ类,Ⅱ类,Ⅲ类由高至低代表证候和治法要素的重要性。气虚、血瘀和火热、痰湿、腑实是缺血性中风Ⅰ类证候要素;阴虚、内风为其Ⅱ类证候要素;阴虚与阳虚为其Ⅲ类证候要素;袪痰湿、清热、通腑和熄风、活血化瘀、益气是缺血性中风Ⅰ类治法,袪痰湿、清热、通腑相伴出现的可能性较大;熄风、活血化瘀、益气相伴出现的可能性较大。滋阴、理气是缺血性中风Ⅱ类治法,其关联性较高,常相伴出现。开窍、补阳、通络分别为缺血性中风Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ类治法。结论 气虚、血瘀、痰湿、火热、腑实是缺血性中风主要证候要素,气虚血瘀、痰热腑实为其主要证候类型;袪痰湿、清热、通腑和活血化瘀、熄风、益气治法在缺血性中风治疗中占据主要地位;临床治疗缺血性中风时,袪痰湿、清热、通腑治法常联合使用,活血化瘀法常与益气熄风法联合使用,以起协同增效之力。     

COVID‐19 in Spain: Transplantation in the midst of the pandemic

Spain has been one of the most affected countries by the COVID‐19 outbreak. As of April 28, 2020, the number of confirmed cases is 210 773, including 102 548 patients recovered, more than 10 300 admitted to the ICU, and 23 822 deaths, with a global case fatality rate of 11.3%. From the perspective of donation and transplantation, the Spanish system first focused on safety issues, providing recommendations for donor evaluation and testing, and to rule out SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in potential recipients prior to transplantation. Since the country entered into an epidemiological scenario of sustained community transmission and saturation of intensive care, developing donation and transplantation procedures has become highly complex. Since the national state of alarm was declared in Spain on March 13, 2020, the mean number of donors has declined from 7.2 to 1.2 per day, and the mean number of transplants from 16.1 to 2.1 per day. Increased mortality on the waiting list may become a collateral damage of this terrible pandemic.     

疝修补补片类医疗器械的临床试验设计考量

疝修补补片作为一种持久植入人体内的医疗器械,其安全性及有效性对患者的生存质量至关重要,而临床试验是疝补片上市前安全性及有效性评价的重要方式之一。在对多项疝补片产品上市前临床试验资料技术审评及有关文献汇总分析的基础上,本文对该类器械临床试验设计的各个要素进行了探讨并给出相关建议,供疝补片类医疗器械的制造企业、普外科临床医师在开展此类产品临床试验时予以参考。     

Treatment with 3‐aminobenzamide during ex vivo lung perfusion of damaged rat lungs reduces graft injury and dysfunction after transplantation

Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) with pharmacological reconditioning may increase donor lung utilization for transplantation (LTx). 3‐Aminobenzamide (3‐AB), an inhibitor of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP), reduces ex vivo lung injury in rat lungs damaged by warm ischemia (WI). Here we determined the effects of 3‐AB reconditioning on graft outcome after LTx. Three groups of donor lungs were studied: Control (Ctrl): 1 hour WI + 3 hours cold ischemia (CI) + LTx; EVLP: 1 hour WI + 3 hours EVLP + LTx; EVLP + 3‐AB: 1 hour WI + 3 hours EVLP + 3‐AB (1 mg^.mL^?1) + LTx. Two hours after LTx, we determined lung graft compliance, edema, histology, neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), mRNA levels of adhesion molecules within the graft, as well as concentrations of interleukin‐6 and 10 (IL‐6, IL‐10) in BAL and plasma. 3‐AB reconditioning during EVLP improved compliance and reduced lung edema, neutrophil infiltration, and the expression of adhesion molecules within the transplanted lungs. 3‐AB also attenuated the IL‐6/IL‐10 ratio in BAL and plasma, supporting an improved balance between pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mediators. Thus, 3‐AB reconditioning during EVLP of rat lung grafts damaged by WI markedly reduces inflammation, edema, and physiological deterioration after LTx, supporting the use of PARP inhibitors for the rehabilitation of damaged lungs during EVLP.     

Association of sociocultural factors with initiation of the kidney transplant evaluation process

Although research shows that minorities exhibit higher levels of medical mistrust, perceived racism, and discrimination in healthcare settings, the degree to which these underlying sociocultural factors preclude end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients from initiating kidney transplant evaluation is unknown. We telephone surveyed 528 adult ESRD patients of black or white race referred for evaluation to a Georgia transplant center (N = 3) in 2014‐2016. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations between sociocultural factors and evaluation initiation, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic characteristics. Despite blacks (n = 407) reporting higher levels of medical mistrust (40.0% vs 26.4%, P < .01), perceived racism (55.5% vs 18.2%, P < .01), and experienced discrimination (29.0% vs 15.7%, P < .01) than whites (n = 121), blacks were only slightly less likely than whites to initiate evaluation (49.6% vs 57.9%, P = .11). However, after adjustment, medical mistrust (odds ratio [OR]: 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39, 0.91), experienced discrimination (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.95), and perceived racism (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.92) were associated with lower evaluation initiation. Results suggest that sociocultural disparities exist in early kidney transplant access and occur despite the absence of a significant racial disparity in evaluation initiation. Interventions to reduce disparities in transplantation access should target underlying sociocultural factors, not just race.