Plantar pressures and relative lesser metatarsal lengths in older people with and without forefoot pain

Forefoot pain is a common problem in older people. We determined whether plantar pressures during gait and the relative lengths of the lesser metatarsals differ between older people with and without plantar forefoot pain. Dynamic plantar pressure assessment during walking was undertaken using the Tekscan MatScan® system in 118 community‐dwelling older people (44 males and 74 females), mean age 74 (standard deviation = 5.9) years, 43 (36%) of whom reported current or previous plantar forefoot pain. The relative lengths of metatarsals 1–5 were determined from weightbearing X‐rays. Participants with current or previous plantar forefoot pain exhibited significantly (p = 0.032) greater peak plantar pressure under metatarsal heads 3–5 (1.93 ± 0.41 kg/cm² vs. 1.74 ± 0.48 kg/cm²). However, no differences were found in relative metatarsal lengths between the groups. These findings indicate that older people with forefoot pain generate higher peak plantar pressures under the lateral metatarsal heads when walking, but do not exhibit relatively longer lesser metatarsals. Other factors may be responsible for the observed pressure increase, such as reduced range of motion of the metatarsophalangeal joints and increased stiffness of plantar soft tissues. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 427–433, 2013     

Growth guidance of angular lower limb deformities using a one-third two-hole tubular plate

Purpose

The eight-plate system for angular deformity correction is well known, reliable and effective at any age during growth. Due to high implant costs, we sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a less expensive alternative.

Methods

Between 2006 and 2011, 41 children with angular deformities were managed using a two-hole one-third tubular plate in cases where an eight plate would normally be indicated. Inclusion criteria in this retrospective study were: genu valgum and genu varum. X-ray documentation was performed before and after surgery and patients were followed clinically every 3 months after surgery. The cost per implant was 361.40 Sfr (Swiss Francs) compared to the eight plate at 737 Sfr.

Results

Mean time for correction was 13 months. A mean LDFA/MPTA after correction of 89.9°/86.8° was recorded, as well as a mean correction angle of 6.8°/6.6°. The complication rate was 6.6 % (one superficial wound infection and one insufficient correction in an older child). These results compare favourably with published data on the eight plate.

Conclusion

The two hole one-third tubular plate seems to be a clinically and also cost effective alternative to the eight plate. Full deformity correction is gained for a fraction of the cost. Level of Evidence: Level III     

Minimalinvasive operative Korrektur von Kleinzehenfehlstellung

Lesser toe deformities are among the more frequent problems that need operative corrections. Common procedures are an Arthrodesis of the PIP-Joint, a flexor tendon transfer or a resection arthroplasty of the PIP-Joint. Recently, minimally invasive techniques have gained popularity. The main advantage of these techniques is that they are possible even with critical soft tissue conditions due to their less invasive character, a reduced infection rate and a reduction in operative time.Its main disadvantages are a steep learning curve and the need for special equipment like rotating burrs and image intensifiers.In this article, operative techniques are outlined and discussed. Clinical situations which can be solved with minimally invasive techniques are presented.     

拇指发育不良的特点及相关因素对于疾病分型的影响

目的探讨拇指发育不良的特点及相关因素对于疾病分型的影响。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2019年9月在北京积水潭医院手外科就诊的63例拇指发育不良患者的病历资料。统计并分析其疾病特点,分别比较不同侧别患者父母年龄的均值、不同侧别及不同分型中合并其他发育缺陷发生率以及不同分型中各影响因素所占的比例。结果男女比例为1.9∶1。Blauth分型:Ⅱ型占7.6%,ⅢA型占8.9%,ⅢB型占36.7%,Ⅳ型占38.0%,Ⅴ型占8.9%。累及双手的患者较右手单侧的患者,其孕时父母的年龄比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。合并其他畸形者占58.7%,其中心脏畸形占54.1%,同侧肢体其他畸形占32.4%。有阳性家族史占11.1%,母亲孕早期接触放射线占4.8%,孕早期家庭或工作单位装修占19.0%,孕期患有糖尿病占15.9%,既往有流产史占46.0%,保胎史占63.5%,孕早期感冒占20.6%。不同分型中合并其他发育缺陷的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论拇指发育不良多见于男性,以BlauthⅢ、Ⅳ型为主,可单独发病,也可与其他系统疾病共同出现。遗传、环境、不良孕产经历等因素均可能导致该疾病的发生。     

膝关节外翻畸形股骨侧形态学参数分析

目的探讨膝关节外翻畸形股骨侧形态结构改变特点,并分析各参数的异常分布。方法收集2010年1月至2012年12月北京积水潭医院矫形骨科收治的68例(68膝)膝关节外翻畸形患者的影像学资料,包括下肢全长X线片和膝关节CT容积性数据。在下肢全长X线片上测量解剖学股胫角(aFTA)和解剖学股骨远端外侧角(aLDFA),将DICOM格式的CT容积性数据导入MIMICS17.0软件,测量股骨远髁角(DCA)和股骨后髁角(PCA)。分析膝关节外翻畸形股骨侧各参数异常的构成比,并绘制散点图分析各参数的线性相关性。结果股骨侧形态学参数测量结果:aFTA为(18.42±6.42)°,aLDFA为(74.71±4.63)°,DCA为(6.64±1.36)°,PCA为(4.51±1.82)°,其中DCA异常人数占比最高(95.59%)。DCA、PCA和aLDFA均存在异常的人数占比为51.47%。DCA与PCA和aLDFA之间均不存在线性相关。结论股骨外侧髁远端形态结构异常是膝关节外翻畸形股骨侧骨组织异常的主要来源。约1/2的患者同时存在股骨外侧髁远端、后方和股骨干骺端形态结构异常。     

经外踝截骨联合空心钉和肱骨近端锁定钢板倒置固定行胫距跟融合术的疗效观察

目的：探讨经外踝截骨联合空心钉和肱骨近端锁定钢板倒置固定在胫距跟关节融合的临床疗效。方法：自2015年6月至2018年12月,采用经外踝截骨联合空心钉和肱骨近端锁定钢板倒置固定行胫距跟融合术患者15例,其中男10例,女5例;年龄45~72（58.9±6.1）岁;病程2~35（11.9±7.9）年。术前诊断创伤性关节炎8例,Charcot关节炎2例,Charcot-Marie-Tooth（CMT）2例,踝关节结核1例,距骨坏死1例,色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎1例。8例合并单纯内翻畸形,4例合并单纯外翻畸形,2例合并马蹄内翻畸形,1例合并马蹄畸形,2例合并中前足内收内旋。采用美国足踝外科协会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS）踝与后足功能评分及疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）进行临床疗效评价。结果：14例患者获得随访,时间10~25（16.6±4.3）个月,1例失访,切口均Ⅰ期愈合,融合时间术后15~24（16.8±2.4）周。1例合并糖尿病患者骨融合延迟,通过Ⅰ期再植骨注入富血小板血浆（platelet-rich plasma,PRP）后融合。AOFAS评分由术前（38.7±3.3）分提高至术后（84.5±2.6）分,VAS评分由术前（7.5±1.6）分降至术后（1.9±0.3）分,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：采用经外踝截骨空心螺钉联合肱骨近端锁定钢板倒置固定行胫距跟关节融合术手术操作简便,融合率高,且对伴有后足畸形的患者尤其适用。     

Special distraction osteogenesis before bone grafting for alveolar cleft defects to correct maxillary deformities in patients with bilateral cleft lips and palates: Distraction osteogenesis performed separately for each bone segment

IntroductionPatients with bilateral cleft lips and palates have premaxillary protrusion and characteristic jaw deformities involving three-dimensional malposition of the premaxilla and bilateral maxillary bone segments. This study examined patients with bilateral cleft lips and palates who had deviation and hypoplasia of the premaxillas and bilateral maxillary segments. Before bone grafting, the patients were treated with special distraction performed separately for each bone segment using a halo-type external device. This report describes this novel treatment method which produced good results.Material and methodsThe subjects were five patients with severe jaw deformities due to bilateral cleft lip and palate. They were treated with maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy and subsequent distraction performed separately for each bone segment using a halo device. In three of five patients, premaxillary osteotomy was not performed, and osteotomy and distraction were performed only for the right and left lateral segments with severe hypoplasia.ResultsAll patients achieved distraction close to the desired amount. The widths of the alveolar clefts were narrowed, and satisfactory occlusion and maxillary arch form were achieved. After the surgery, three of five patients underwent bone grafting for bilateral alveolar cleft defects and the bone graft survival was satisfactory.ConclusionsThis method had many benefits, including narrowing of alveolar clefts, improvement of maxillary hypoplasia, and achievement of a good maxillary arch form. In addition, subsequent bone grafting for alveolar cleft defects was beneficial, dental prostheses were unnecessary, and frequency of surgery and surgical invasiveness were reduced. This method is a good surgical procedure that should be considered for patients with bilateral cleft lips and palates who have premaxillary protrusion and hypoplasia of the right and left lateral segments.     

上颌Le Fort Ⅰ前徙术与前份根尖下截骨后退术术后软组织变化的比较研究

目的 测量不同上颌骨正颌术式前后鼻唇区域软组织变化,分析可能导致变化的因素。方法 2017—2021年于四川大学华西口腔医院正颌及关节外科住院行正颌手术的患者37例,其中因上颌后缩行上颌骨Le Fort Ⅰ型骨切开前徙术（LFIA）的患者18例,因上颌前突行上颌骨前份根尖下截骨后退术（AMOS）的患者19例。收集其术前即刻和术后6～12个月的螺旋CT影像,通过Mimics和3-Matic软件进行三维重建和匹配,测量软硬组织标志点变化。使用GraphPad Prism软件进行统计学分析,显著性水平α=0.05。结果 2种术式术后最主要的软组织变化均发生在上唇区域且改变方向与骨组织移动方向相同。在前后向软组织改变上,LFIA组软硬组织改变的比例为0.628,而AMOS组为0.465。颊部和鼻尖软组织在2种术式后均发生了前移,其中AMDS组中颊部软组织前移的量与软组织厚度的改变具有显著正相关性。在垂直向软组织变化上,LFIA组鼻尖点发生上抬且其距离与颌骨前徙距离具有显著正相关性,AMOS组上唇缘点发生下降且其距离与颌骨后退距离具有显著正相关性。在水平向软组织变化上,鼻翼宽度在行2种术式后均出...