改良式牙科吸唾管在人工气道中的应用

目的探讨改良式牙科吸唾管在人工气道护理中的应用效果。方法将2007年6月~2009年1月入住ICU建立人工气道的118例患者分为两组,两组患者进行比较。结果两组患者肺部感染、口腔感染、颜面部皮肤破损发生率及护理工作量实验组少于对照组,差异显著有统计学意义(p<0.01)。结论应用改良式牙科吸唾管持续吸引人工气道患者口腔分泌物,可降低肺部感染、口腔感染、颜面部皮肤破损的发生率,增加患者舒适度,减少护理工作量。     

The oral health status of Omani 12-year-olds–a national survey

Abstract This study reports the first ever national oral health survey of Omani 12-year-olds. Conducted in October 1993, of the 3,435 children examined, 1,438 (41.9%) were caries-free, although regional variations ranged from 24.8% to 61.9%. Overall, the national DMFT averaged 1.53, the majority of caries experienced being in the form of untreated decay, with occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars being the most commonly involved site. Oral hygiene was poor, only 11% of those examined being scored as plaque-free.     

Evaluation of postsurgical crestal bone levels adjacent to non‐submerged dental implants

In most of the studies on long-term radiographic evaluations of crestal bone levels adjacent to dental implants, no baseline radiographs taken immediately post-surgically had been obtained.The aim of this study was to test the reproducibility of a simple radiographic method for linear measurements of changes in bone levels and to evaluate changes in crestal bone levels adjacent co non-submerged ITI® implants 1 year following the surgical procedure. From 128 patients enrolled in a clinical and radiographic longitudinal study 40 patients also had radiographs taken immediately postsurgically. They were, however, not obtained as “identical” images. The radiographs were mounted onto slides and projected on a screen. Mesially and distally from 57 implants triplicate linear measurements of the distance implant shoulder to bone crest were taken, using known dimensions of the implants as internal reference distances. The median difference of 213 (out of 228 possible) duplicate measurements was 0.00 mm (ranging from ?1.72 mm to +1.47 mm when comparing the second co the third reading). Some 81% of the double measurements were within ±0.5 mm and the precision was 0.30 mm. In the immediate postoperative radiographs the median mesial bone level was located at 2.07 mm (distally 2.19 mm) from the implant shoulder. A statistically significant amount of bone loss in the first year was observed mesially (median=?0.78 mm) and distally (0.85 mm)(Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test ±0.001). No statistically significant influence of the implant location, the implant length, type of the implant (screw; cylinder) was observed (Kruskal-Wallis P>0.05).The age of the patients was not correlated significantly to the amount of bone loss observed. In conclusion, methodological limitations existed when evaluating linear bone changes in non-identical radiographs using reference dimensions of the implants. The amount of postsurgical bone loss estimated in other studies was confirmed when using an immediate postoperative radiograph as a baseline.     

Regeneration of periodontal ligament and cementum by BMP-applied tissue engineering

Previously, we demonstrated that the inductive properties of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) highly depend on the nature of the carrier material used for implantation. In this paper, we show that administration of BMP incorporated in a fibrous collagen membrane can help to regenerate periodontal ligament and cementum both in cat canines and in monkey molars. The partially purified bovine BMP was combined with one or two layers of a fibrous collagen membrane. Although the single layer approach showed partial regeneration of periodontal defects, it also quite often led to ankylosis. The double layer technique in artificially prepared class III furcation defects in monkey molars gave favorable results. After 12 wk, not only the alveolar process but also the periodontal ligament and cementum had regenerated along the entire treated dentin surface. Collagen fibers were arranged more or less perpendicular to the surface of the new cementum. Ankylosis was not seen. It is concluded that the double-layer approach is superior to the single-layer technique in regenerating cementum.     

Oral Rehabilitation of a Patient With Amelogenesis Imperfecta

A patient with Type I hypoplastic patterned amelogenesis imperfecta, subtype D, presented for prosthodontic evaluation. This article describes the developmental and pathophysiological background of this disease. A clinical report describing the diagnosis, treatment planning, and dental rehabilitation of the patient is reviewed.     

The Maillard reaction in demineralized dentin in vitro

The Maillard reaction between carbohydrate and protein has been proposed as a cause of the browning of carious lesions. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the occurrence of this reaction in bovine dentin collagen in vitro and to establish the effect of the reaction on the proteolytic degradation of bovine dentin collagen in vitro. Slices of demineralized bovine dentin were incubated with 0.2 M glucose or buffer for 10 weeks at 37°C. The formation of initial (furosine) and advanced (pentosidine) products of the Maillard reaction in dentin exposed to glucose was confirmed by HPLC. After reduction with NaBH₄ to prevent intermediate Maillard products from further reaction, slices were either degraded with collagenase for fluorescence measurement or incubated with trypsin or pepsin to assess enzymatic degradation. Fluorescence characteristic for the Maillard reaction increased in glucose-exposed slices. Degradation of collagen by pepsin, but not by trypsin, was greatly depressed following glucose pretreatment. This may indicate an altered sensitivity to proteolytic degradation; the Maillard reaction thus has a potential role in caries arrestment.     

Concomitant intrusive luxation and root fracture of a central incisor - report of a case

Abstract A case of a 9-year-old boy who presented with intruded maxillary central incisors, one of which had also sustained a middle third root fracture, is reported. The root fracture was diagnosed after orthodontic extrusion was started, which resulted in separation of the apical and coronal fragments. The hypermobile coronal fragment was stabilised by passing a K file through a palatal access cavity into the root canal of the apical fragment. Orthodontic alignment was completed and the fractured incisors were restored with the file left in situ. At a 10-year follow-up, the incisors were clinically healthy and continued to satisfy aesthetic and functional demands.     

Two types of intraoral distribution of fluorotic enamel

Abstract Different distributions of fluorotic dental enamel within the dentition have been described in the literature. This report describes two patterns of intraoral distribution. In nine Tanzanian low fluorosis communities with a prevalence of pitting fluorosis of less than 2% and in live moderate fluorosis communities with a prevalence of pitting fluorosis of 16–59%, incisors and first molars were the least affected teeth. In four high fluorosis communities with a prevalence of pitting fluorosis of 86–97%, maxillary incisors exhibited lower Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index values than the maxillary canines, premolars and molars. The mandibular teeth exhibited increasing Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index values from the anterior to the posterior region. The curves presenting the intraoral distribution of the severity of dental fluorosis corresponded with the curve presenting the completion time of primary enamel formation of the various tooth types, with the exception of the first molars in high fluorosis communities. The similarity of the curves suggests that the later in life enamel is completed, the higher is the severity of dental fluorosis. This relation seems to be explained by the prevailing feeding and dietary habits, which result in minimal intake of fluoride in the first 18 months of life during breastfeeding, followed by increasing fluoride ingestion in the following years through consumption of tea, seafish and F-containing magadi salt.