彩色多普勒超声对下肢交通支静脉功能不全的诊断价值

目的：评价彩色多普勒超声检测下肢交通支静脉功能不全的应用价值。方法：应用彩色多普勒超声对50条肢体进行检查，并对照下肢静脉造影结果研究其诊断准确性。结果：共检出功能不全的交通支静脉30条，以静脉造影为金标准，诊断准确性为80％。结论：彩色多普勒超声作为无创性诊断下肢交通支静脉功能不全的方法具有较高的准确性，能为临床诊断和治疗提供重要依据。     

Color Flow Identification of Multiple Ventricular Septal Defects in a Patient with Elevated Pulmonary Vascular Resistance

A 12-year-old boy with a large ventricular septal defect and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance had surgical closure of his defect. There was a gradual diminution in pulmonary resistance over a 2-week period. On the twelfth postoperative day, a new systolic murmur was noted, and an additional small muscular ventricular septal defect was diagnosed by color flow Doppler echocardiography. This defect had not been seen on preoperative left ventricular angiography, nor on several postoperative echocardiography studies. The fall in this patient's pulmonary vascular resistance was analogous to the hemodynamic changes typical of a newborn infant. In that context, the timing of the clinical and echocardiographic appearance of the ventricular septal defect is discussed. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 8, May 1991)     

Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect Associated with Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

A 48-year-old white male was referred for cardiac catheterization following a bout of near syncope and severe angina. He was diagnosed to have obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Right bundle branch block and plethoric chest X ray suggested shunt physiology, which was confirmed on transesophageal echocardiography and angiocardiography to be a primum type of atrial septal defect (primum ASD) with cleft mitral leaflet. He underwent septal myomectomy and patching of the ASD. Surgical pathological specimen revealed enlarged nuclei and myocardial disarray consistent with congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 8, May 1991)     

Signatures of Positive Selection in Genes Associated with Human Skin Pigmentation as Revealed from Analyses of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Phenotypic variation between human populations in skin pigmentation correlates with latitude at the continental level. A large number of hypotheses involving genetic adaptation have been proposed to explain human variation in skin colour, but only limited genetic evidence for positive selection has been presented. To shed light on the evolutionary genetic history of human variation in skin colour we inspected 118 genes associated with skin pigmentation in the Perlegen dataset, studying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and analyzed 55 genes in detail. We identified eight genes that are associated with the melanin pathway ( SLC45A2, OCA2, TYRP1, DCT, KITLG, EGFR, DRD2 and PPARD ) and presented significant differences in genetic variation between Europeans, Africans and Asians. In six of these genes we detected, by means of the EHH test, variability patterns that are compatible with the hypothesis of local positive selection in Europeans ( OCA2, TYRP1 and KITLG ) and in Asians ( OCA2, DCT, KITLG, EGFR and DRD2 ), whereas signals were scarce in Africans ( DCT, EGFR and DRD2 ). Furthermore, a statistically significant correlation between genotypic variation in four pigmentation candidate genes and phenotypic variation of skin colour in 51 worldwide human populations was revealed. Overall, our data also suggest that light skin colour is the derived state and is of independent origin in Europeans and Asians, whereas dark skin color seems of unique origin, reflecting the ancestral state in humans.     

Regeneration of specific nerve cells in lesioned visual cortex of the human brain: An indirect evidence after constant stimulation with different spots of light

The defective parts of the visual field of two braininjured patients were stimulated with different spots of light. There is evidence for at least five independent visual functions which can be restored due to constant stimulation of the blind part of the visual field: (1) The constant stimulation of the blind part of the visual field with spots of white light leads to an increase of the visual field for the perception of white light only. (2) The constant stimulation with spots of light of different wavelengths leads to an increase of the visual field for different color perception. To enlarge the visual field for the perception of the color red, a light stimulus with the wavelength of 656 nanometers (nm) was used; for the visual field for the perception of the color green 525 nm; for yellow 578 nm; and for blue 450 nm. (3) The constant stimulation of the blind visual field with black and white light bars of different orientations and constellations leads to an increase of the foveal acuity and an improvement of form perception in the periphery of the visual field. The results suggest that the recovery of visual functions, different color perception and form perception, may depend upon neuronal regeneration in the human visual cortex; regeneration occurs with adequate and constant stimulation of its specific neurons. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

GI—I型粉浆涂塑铝瓷修复体折裂强度的测定

折裂强度反映修复体所能承受的最大力值。本研究测定了ＧＩ—Ｉ型粉浆涂塑铝瓷冠修复体和金瓷冠修复体的折裂强度，结果表明，ＧＩ一Ｉ型粉浆涂塑铝瓷冠的折裂强度为１２８７．７Ｎ，远低于金瓷修复体的折裂强度。     

Visualization of palisade veins in esophageal varices by endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography

Background: Endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography (ECDUS) is a useful modality for obtaining color flow images of esophageal varices. Levovist is a microbubble echo‐enhancing agent that improves Doppler ultrasound examination. This study is designed to evaluate the usefulness of ECDUS using Levovist in diagnosing palisade veins of esophageal varices. Methods: The study involved 67 patients with esophageal varices using ECDUS. All 67 patients received Levovist intravenously at a concentration of 300 mg/mL. A 7.5‐mL dose of the contrast agent was injected at a slow infusion rate of 1 mL/min. We compared vessel images detected with precontrast with those detected by enhanced ECDUS. Results: Color flow images of palisade veins were obtained in 16 (23.9%) of the 67 patients with precontrast ECDUS. Vessel images of palisade veins were detected in 15 of 61 F2 type varices (24.6%) and in one of six F3 varices (16.7%). The color flows of these vessels showed a continuous wave on fast‐Fourier transform analysis. Sixteen palisade veins had velocities in the 3.3 cm/s?11.6 cm/s range. Color flow images of palisade veins were obtained in 27 (40.3%) of the 67 cases by enhanced ECDUS using Levovist. Palisade veins could be delineated after Levovist contrast in 11 patients who could not be detected on precontrast ECDUS. After Levovist contrast, color flow images detected with precontrast ECDUS were enhanced in all patients. Conclusion: Endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography with Levovist contrast can improve the diagnostic quality of the palisade veins in esophageal varices.     

Factors affecting treatment outcomes following complicated crown fractures managed in primary and secondary care

Abstract – The aims of this retrospective observational study were to determine the factors which affect treatment provision and the Median Survival Time (MST) for maintenance of tooth vitality following complicated crown fracture. The survey was carried out for patients treated at Newcastle Dental Hospital (NDH) according to departmental guidelines over a 2‐year period following the introduction of a new protocol for management of these types of injuries. Seventy‐three cases of complicated crown fracture were identified in 69 children with a mean age of 10.3 years (SD = 2.5 years). Seventy‐one percent of the fractures occurred in males (M:F ratio was 2.5:1). Fifty‐one percent of the complicated crown fractures were in immature teeth. Of the 73 traumatised teeth, 45% presented initially in general dental practice (GDP), 37% at the dental hospital and 8% at local accident and emergency departments with the remaining 10% seen at other or unrecorded locations. Of the 41 fractures, which presented initially at a location other than the dental hospital, 38% were referred to the dental hospital without the provision of an emergency pulp bandage. The overall definitive treatments provided for the 37 open apex teeth included pulp cap (19%), partial pulpotomy (32%), cervical pulpotomy (8%) and pulpectomy (35%), while for the 36 closed apex teeth it was pulp cap (28%), pulpotomy (11%), and pulpectomy (61%). Of the 30 teeth, which underwent vital pulp therapy (18 open and 12 closed apex), the MST for the 15 teeth treated with pulp caps was 1460 days (95% CI: 1067, 1853) while for the 15 teeth treated with pulpotomies it was 1375 days (95% CI: 964, 1786). There was no statistically significant difference in the MST between teeth treated with pulp caps and pulpotomies. In conclusion, the proportion of patients referred to secondary care with complicated crown fractures without provision of a pulp bandage is of some concern. More conservative treatment of closed apex teeth sustaining complicated crown fractures, utilizing vital pulp therapy techniques would appear to be appropriate.     

Evaluation of the alternate blood FLow in esophageal variceal patients by endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography

Background: Endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography (ECDUS) is a useful modality for obtaining color ?ow images of esophageal varices. The direction of blood ?ow in passageways is fundamentally hepatofugal ?ow according to ECDUS. The present study is designed to evaluate the alternate direction of color ?ow image of passageways via ECDUS in esophageal variceal patients. Methods: The study involved 125 patients with esophageal varices using ECDUS. The grades of red color (RC) were as follows: RC(+) in 79 cases, RC(+ +) in 35 cases, and RC(+ + +) in 11 cases. We investigated the alternate direction on color ?ow images of the left gastric vein, the palisade vein, and the perforating veins via ECDUS. Results: Color ?ow images of the esophageal varices and the left gastric vein were obtained in all 125 (100%) patients by ECDUS. Color ?ow images of the perforating veins were obtained in 90 (72.0%) of the 125 patients. Vessel images of the palisade veins were detected in 33 (26.4%) of the 125 patients. The alternate direction on color ?ow images was detected in seven (5.6%) of the 125 patients with ECDUS: in three patients, left gastric vein; in three patients, perforating veins; and in one patients, left gastric vein and palisade veins. This phenomenon was observed periodically at regular intervals. The endoscopic ?ndings were RC(+) in all seven patients. Conclusion: The alternate direction of blood ?ow in the passageways was observed in a few cases of RC(+) esophageal varices. We can observe the hemodynamics of esophageal varices non‐invasively and in real time with ECDUS, and clarify the frequencies of the alternate direction of blood ?ow in RC‐positive esophageal variceal patients.     

彩色多普勒超声对生脉散治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病临床效果的观察

目的 :利用彩色多普勒超声探讨生脉散治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 (HIE)的效果。方法 :将 5 0例HIE患儿随机分为生脉散治疗组 ( 3 0例 )和不用生脉散的常规治疗组 ( 2 0例 ) ,分别于入院当天及治疗 1周后进行脑血流动力学参数包括大脑中动脉和大脑前动脉的收缩期最高速度 (S)、舒张期最低速度 (D)、S D、搏动指数 (PI)、阻力指数 (RI)的检测 ,同时完成 2 0项行为神经评分 ,并与对照组对比研究。结果 :HIE患儿治疗后S、D、RI比治疗前明显提高 ,P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ;治疗后生脉散组大脑前动脉流速的改善明显高于常规治疗组 ,P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ;生脉散组治疗后行为神经评分明显高于常规治疗组 ,P <0 .0 1。结论 :生脉散治疗新生儿HIE效果明显