正畸和正颌手术联合矫治牙颌畸形

目的 探讨正畸和正颌手术联合矫治牙颌畸形对于提高疗效、减少复发的临床意义。方法 对４５例牙颌畸形患者术前正畸－正颌手术－术后正畸模式的矫治,并与同期未进行术前、术后正畸的６４例正颌手术病例比较,观察矫澡后的颌面外科、咬合关系及疗效稳定性。结果 正畸和正颌手术联合矫治组治疗后咬合关系良好,咀嚼功能改善率为６２．６％,畸形复发率为２．２％;单纯正颌手术组咀嚼功能改善率为４２．２％,畸形复发率为７．８％     

两种托槽在牙齿正畸矫治中交互替换使用的探讨

目的　探讨在正畸矫治中方丝弓托槽与Begg托槽交互替换应用的临床效果。方法　根据个别牙齿错牙合畸形不同 ,在矫治过程中将两种矫治器托槽交互替换使用。结果　矫治中可减少操作步骤、节省材料、缩短时间。结论　托槽交互替换使用 ,可弥补各自矫治器不足 ,取得较为满意的矫治效果     

超声波对兔牙移动影响的光镜观察

对兔正畸牙辅以局部超声波作用,通过对实验第1、3、5、7、14d局部组织的光镜观察,探讨超声彼加速正畸牙齿移动的机理,为临床应用提供实验依据。选用2.0～2.5kg的青紫兰兔38只,随机分为实验(16只)、加载对照(16只)、超声波对照(3只)、空白对照(3只)四个组。观察结果显示:实验组兔从第5d起直至实验结束,其牙周张力侧骨生成量及压力侧骨吸收量均比加载对照组多,牙周膜血管化反应显著;压力侧齿槽骨表面及骨吸收陷窝内的破骨细胞量比加载对照组多。     

Three‐dimensional corrective osteotomies of mal‐united clavicles—is the contralateral anatomy a reliable template for reconstruction?

In computer‐assisted preoperative planning of corrective osteotomies, the unaffected contralateral bone often serves as three‐dimensional template for the reconstruction of mal‐united bones. Before applying this approach to new anatomy such as the clavicle bone, it is important to study asymmetry between the sides. The purpose of this study was to investigate bilateral symmetry of the clavicle in healthy cadavers using three‐dimensional measurement techniques. Bilateral symmetry of 102 clavicles (51 cadavers, mean age: 52.19 years, 37 male) was measured based on three‐dimensional models reconstructed from computed tomography. Besides length, volume, and surface, the side‐differences were evaluated by considering the mirrored left clavicle as the reconstruction template and the right clavicle as the one that will be realigned by osteotomy. The relative transformation between the aligned segments was measured to express the difference with to three‐dimensional translation and rotation. The same procedure was repeated using mean‐sized clavicles, one for each gender, as the template. The contralateral side was a significant more accurate reconstruction template compared to a mean‐sized clavicle (P < 0.001). Nevertheless, an average side‐differences with respect to rotation and translation of 8.79° ± 5.2° and 3.5 mm ± 2.7 mm, respectively. The left clavicles were significant (P = 0.001) longer with 154 mm compared to the right ones (151 mm). Three‐dimensional differences between the left and right clavicles exist, but can be considered as small. Therefore, the contralateral side appears to be a reliable reconstruction template, in particular compared to a mean‐sized clavicle. Clin. Anat. 28:865–871, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Daily life impact of malocclusion in Swedish adolescents: A grounded theory study

Abstract

Objective. To explore how malocclusions affect daily life in adolescents and how adolescents cope with malocclusion-related distress. Materials and methods. Twelve strategically selected teenagers, seven girls and five boys aged 13–14 years, participated in this study. Open, tape-recorded in-depth interviews based on Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were performed using a theme guide and analyzed according to the qualitative method of classic grounded theory (GT). Results. A core category was identified and named ‘Repeatedly reminded of the malocclusion'. Associated to the core category, five categories were generated and labeled ‘Being directed by the media's ideal image', ‘Monitoring others' teeth', ‘Struggling with low self-esteem', ‘Hiding one's teeth' and ‘Striving for cure'. Low self-esteem appeared to be frequently reinforced through the concerns for the malocclusion and handled via different coping strategies, such as hiding the teeth and striving to receive orthodontic treatment. Such processes were further enforced through the influence of media. Low self-esteem could be associated to a visible malposition of teeth, according to the informants. Having to wait for orthodontic treatment was frustrating the adolescents. Conclusions. Adolescents with malocclusion are often reminded of their condition, which can lead to avoiding strategies to minimize the negative feelings associated with the teeth and low self-esteem. Clinicians may therefore need to be aware of potential irrational behaviors when interacting with adolescents with malocclusions. The findings also suggest that there might be a discrepancy of attitudes between professionals focusing on oral health aspects of malocclusions and the adolescents focusing on esthetic aspects.     

全飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术对角膜表面规则指数的影响

目的:分析全飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)对角膜表面规则指数(SRI)的影响。方法:回顾性病例研究。选取2017-01/2019-12秦皇岛视光眼科医院210例401眼近视患者为研究对象,依据采取的矫正手术将其分为观察组110例205眼行SMILE,对照组100例196眼行飞秒激光辅助的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)。比较两组患者手术前后裸眼视力(UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、角膜前表面6mm范围的非球面参数Q值和SRI。结果:术后3、6mo两组患者UCVA、BCVA均较术前改善(P<0.05),但组间比较无差异(P>0.05);观察组术后3、6mo、1a SRI高于对照组(P<0.05);术后两组患者各时点非球面参数Q值均高于术前,且观察组术后6mo,1a非球面参数Q值低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:与FS-LASIK相比,SMILE术后有相似的视力恢复效果,但SMILE术后SRI大、对非球面参数Q值影响小。     

Frog磨牙远移器和Cetlin推磨牙方法的临床对比研究

目的:比较Frog磨牙远移器和经典Cetlin推磨牙向后两种方法治疗安氏Ⅱ类牙源性错畸形的临床疗效。方法:对30例安氏Ⅱ类错伴上颌牙列轻中度拥挤的病例,采用Frog磨牙远移器和Cetlin推磨牙向后各15例,结合X线头影测量,评价两种方法的治疗效果。结果:①治疗前后两组平面OP-SN(o)的变化:Frog矫治器组减少0.38o,Cetlin矫治器组增加1.76o(P<0.01);②切牙突度U1-NA(mm)的变化:Cetlin矫治器组、Frog矫治器组分别增加2.16mm、0.94mm(P<0.05);③切牙距腭平面垂直高度U1-PP(mm)的变化:Cetlin矫治器组、Frog矫治器组分别为0.47mm、-0.7mm(P<0.01)。结论:Cetlin推磨牙向后法和Frog磨牙远移器在支抗控制方面均较好,远移磨牙的形式接近于整体移动。对前牙覆合浅的患者,Cetlin推磨牙向后法将更为有效;Frog磨牙远移器较为舒适,不依赖患者配合,是一种新的有效远移磨牙的矫治器。     

39例先天性肌性斜颈的手术治疗

目的:探讨先天性肌性斜颈的手术治疗方法。 方法 :对 39例先天性肌性斜颈患者采用胸锁乳突肌切断松解进行治疗 ,术中强调彻底松解 ,使胸锁乳突肌充分回缩 ,术后采用侧卧式训练方法。结果:2 8例经 1～ 5年随访 ,效果较好 ,优良率 96 %。 结论 :3～ 5岁为先天性肌性斜颈最佳手术年龄段 ,而胸锁乳突肌切断松解为首选术式。