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21.
Summary The objective of this report is to summarize the results on survival and complication rates of different designs of fixed dental prostheses (FDP) published in a series of systematic reviews. Moreover, the various parameters for survival and risk assessment are to be used in attempt to perform treatment planning on the basis of scientific evidence. Three electronic searches complemented by manual searching were conducted to identify prospective and retrospective cohort studies on FDP and implant-supported single crowns (SC) with a mean follow-up time of at least 5 years. Patients had to have been examined clinically at the follow-up visit. Failure and complication rates were analyzed using random-effects Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates of 5- and 10-year survival proportions. Meta-analysis of the studies included indicated an estimated 5-year survival of conventional tooth-supported FDP of 93·8%, cantilever FDP of 91·4%, solely implant-supported FDP of 95·2%, combined tooth-implant-supported FDP of 95·5% and implant-supported SC of 94·5% as well as resin-bonded bridges 87·7%. Moreover, after 10 years of function the estimated survival decreased to 89·2% for conventional FDP, to 80·3% for cantilever FDP, to 86·7% for implant-supported FDP, to 77·8% for combined tooth-implant-supported FDP, to 89·4% for implant-supported SC and to 65% for resin-bonded bridges. When planning prosthetic rehabilitations, conventional end-abutment tooth-supported FDP, solely implant-supported FDP or implant-supported SC should be the first treatment option. Only as a second option, because of reasons such as financial aspects patient-centered preferences or anatomical structures cantilever tooth-supported FDP, combined tooth-implant-supported FDP or resin-bonded bridges should be chosen. 相似文献
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Takao Senda Tomoko Yoshinaga-Hirabayashi 《Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)》1998,251(3):339-345
Intracellular membrane–bounded organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondrion, possess and maintain their shape and intrinsic relationship due to the nature of their membrane organization. To reveal the membranous attachments that support these shapes and relationships, we examined various kinds of cells by quick-freeze deep-etch electron microscopy. In the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticula, we found intermembrane bridges linking opposite membranes of the cisternae. Membranes of adjoining rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae were linked by intermembrane bridges crossing a narrow cytoplasmic gap between cisternae. Intermembrane bridges were also found in and between the Golgi cisternae and in nuclear envelopes. Three kinds of intermembrane bridges were found within mitochondria: one linking between outer and inner mitochondrial membranes and the other two spanning the intracristal space and intercristal matrix space. The presence of intermembrane bridges within membrane organelles, except for those between rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, was seen in all cell types examined. Intermembrane bridges within membrane organelles provide a structural basis for the membrane organization of the organelles and thus may contribute to the functional integrity of the organelles. Anat. Rec. 251:339–345, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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L. Chen K.J. Jensen J. Tejbrant J.E. Taylor B.A. Morgan G. Barany 《Chemical biology & drug design》2000,55(1):81-91
Abstract: The glycopeptide hormone catfish somatostatin (somatostatin‐22) has the amino acid sequence H‐Asp‐Asn‐Thr‐Val‐Thr‐Ser‐Lys‐Pro‐Leu‐Asn‐Cys‐Met‐Asn‐Tyr‐Phe‐Trp‐Lys‐Ser‐Arg‐Thr‐Ala‐Cys‐OH; it includes a cyclic disulfide connecting the two Cys residues, and the major naturally occurring glycoform contains d ‐GalNAc and d ‐Gal O‐glycosidically linked to Thr5. The linear sequence was assembled smoothly starting with an Fmoc‐Cys(Trt)‐PAC‐PEG‐PS support, using stepwise Fmoc solid‐phase chemistry. In addition to the nonglycosylated peptide, two glycosylated forms of somatostatin‐22 were accessed by incorporating as building blocks, respectively, Nα‐Fmoc‐Thr(Ac3‐α‐D‐GalNAc)‐OH and Nα‐Fmoc‐Thr(Ac4‐β‐D‐Gal‐(1→3)‐Ac2‐α‐D‐GalNAc)‐OH. Acidolytic deprotection/cleavage of these peptidyl‐resins with trifluoroacetic acid/scavenger cocktails gave the corresponding acetyl‐protected glycopeptides with free sulfhydryl functions. Deacetylation, by methanolysis in the presence of catalytic sodium methoxide, was followed by mild oxidation at pH 7, mediated by Nα‐dithiasuccinoyl (Dts)‐glycine, to provide the desired monomeric cyclic disulfides. The purified peptides were tested for binding affinities to a panel of cloned human somatostatin receptor subtypes; in several cases, presence of the disaccharide moiety resulted in 2‐fold tighter binding. 相似文献
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孙全富 《中华放射医学与防护杂志》2020,40(2):81-81
2019年12月底以来,湖北武汉暴发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(novel coronavirus pneumonia,NCP)迅速扩散至全国各地及境外24个国家,1月30日世界卫生组织(WHO)将疫情列为“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件(PHEIC)”,到2月2日死亡人数已超过2003年的重症急性呼吸综合征(SARS)。放射影像CT检查是病例诊断和疗效评估不可或缺的一环。广大放射诊断医务人员日夜奋战在新冠肺炎防控一线,为保障患者和放射诊断工作人员安全和健康,各地放射卫生技术机构与放射卫生监督工作者忠实地履行着自己的职责。 相似文献
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Bridges constitute important elements of the transportation network. A vast part of the Italian existing infrastructural system dates to around 60 years ago, which implies that the related bridge structures were constructed according to past design guidelines and underwent a probable state of material deterioration (e.g., steel corrosion, concrete degradation), especially in those cases in which proper maintenance plans have not been periodically performed over the structural lifetime. Consequently, elaborating rapid yet effective safety assessment strategies for existing bridge structures represents a topical research line. This contribution presents a systematic experimental-numerical approach for assessing the load-bearing capacity of existing prestressed concrete (PC) bridge decks. This methodology is applied to the Longano PC viaduct (southern Italy) as a case study. Initially, natural frequencies and mode shapes of the bridge deck are experimentally identified from vibration data collected in situ through Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), based on which a numerical finite element (FE) model is developed and calibrated. In situ static load tests are then carried out to investigate the static deflections under maximum allowed serviceability loads, which are compared to values provided by the FE model for further validation. Since prestressing strands appear corroded in some portions of the main girders, numerical static nonlinear analysis with a concentrated plasticity approach is finally conducted to quantify the effects of various corrosion scenarios on the resulting load-bearing capacity of the bridge at ultimate limit states. The proposed methodology, encompassing both serviceability and ultimate conditions, can be used to identify critical parts of a large infrastructure network prior to performing widespread and expensive material test campaigns, to gain preliminary insight on the structural health of existing bridges and to plan a priority list of possible repairing actions in a reasonable, safe, and costly effective manner. 相似文献
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Abstract Of a random sample (177 persons) of 35-year-old Oslo citizens, 117 subjects (66.1 %) attended a dental examination. Questionnaires were returned by mail from 28 of the non-respondents. The most common reason for not attending was “difficulty in finding time for an appointment.” About 89% of the respondents had visited a dentist regularly. Regular dental care seemed to be more common among people with a high level of education than among those with a low level of education. The most common treatment performed at the last dental visit was filling of cavities. The mean number of remaining teeth was 25.7. Females in the lower educational group had significantly less teeth than those in the higher educational group. No subjects were totally edentulous, but five persons had one edentulous jaw. Nine full or partial dentures were found. Twelve percent of the subjects had one or more fixed bridges, and 29.9% of the persons had one or more crown restorations. There seemed to be no differences between the sexes or educational levels in this respect. 相似文献
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Abstract: Structure and biological activities of synthetic peptides corresponding to human α‐defensin HNP‐1, AC1YC2RIPAC3IAGERRYGTC4IYQGRLWAFC5C6 with the S–S connectivities: C1–C6, C2–C4, C3–C5, and its variants with one, two and three disulfide bridges were investigated. Oxidation of synthetic, reduced HNP‐1 yielded a peptide with S–S connectivities C1–C3, C2–C4 and C5–C6, and not with the S–S linkages as in naturally occurring HNP‐1. Selective protection of cysteine sulfhydryls was necessary for the formation of S–S bridges as in native HNP‐1. Likewise, oxidation of peptide encompassing the segment from C2 to C5, resulted in the S–S linkages C2–C3 and C4–C5 instead of the expected linkage C2–C4 and C3–C5. Antibacterial activities were observed for all peptides, irrespective of how the S–S bridges were linked. Linear peptides without S–S bridges were inactive. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra suggest that peptides constrained by one and two S–S bridges do not form rigid β‐sheet structures in an aqueous environment. The spectrum of HNP‐1 in an aqueous environment suggests the presence of a β‐hairpin conformation. In the presence of lipid vesicles, the S–S constrained peptides tend to adopt a β‐structure. Although the S–S connectivities observed in HNP‐1 may be necessary for other physiological activities, such as chemotaxis, they are clearly not essential for antibacterial activity. 相似文献