女性骨关节炎骨质疏松危险因素分析

目的:探讨女性骨关节炎(OA)骨质疏松(OP)的危险因素。方法:使用双能X线骨密度仪测定300例女性OA患者(OA组)和101名健康女性(对照组)第1~4腰椎(L_1~4)、股骨颈、全髋等部位骨密度(BMD)。统计分析各组与OP相关的危险因素。结果:女性OA患者OP发生率显著高于健康女性(P<0.01),各部位BMD均低于对照组(P<0.01)。OA患者OP组各部位BMD均明显低于非OP组(P<0.01),OA患者绝经后组各部位BMD均低于绝经前组(P<0.01),OA患者OP组较非OP组年龄更大,绝经时间更长,孕产次数更多(P<0.01)。OA组OP女性未来10年骨折的概率明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:女性OA患者发生OP和骨折风险均显著高于健康女性,其OP的发生和多因素相关,增龄、绝经年限长、孕产次数多是OA患者发生OP的主要危险因素。     

The allogeneic graft-versus-cancer effect

Allogeneic haematological stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has developed into immunotherapy. Donor CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and natural killer (NK) cells have been reported to mediate graft- versus -leukaemia (GVL) effects, using Fas-dependent killing and perforin degranulation to eradicate malignant cells. Cytokines, such as interleukin-2, interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α potentiate the GVL effect. Post-transplant adoptive therapy of cytotoxic T-cells (CTL) against leukaemia-specific antigens, minor histocompatibility antigens, or T-cell receptor genes may constitute successful approaches to induce anti-tumour effects. Clinically, a significant GVL effect is induced by chronic rather than acute graft- versus -host disease (GVHD). An anti-tumour effect has also been reported for myeloma, lymphoma and solid tumours. Reduced intensity conditioning enables HSCT in older and disabled patients and relies on the graft- versus -tumour effect. Donor lymphocyte infusions promote the GVL effect and can be given as escalating doses with response monitored by minimal residual disease. A high CD34⁺ cell dose of peripheral blood stem cells increases GVL. There is a balance between effective immunosuppression, low incidence of GVHD and relapse. For instance, T-cell depletion of the graft increases the risk of relapse. This paper reviews the current knowledge in graft- versus -cancer effects. Future directions, such as immunotherapy using leukaemia-specific CTLs, allo-depleted T-cells and suicide gene manipulated T-cells, are presented.     

Migrating foreign body into the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein – A rare case

Ingested foreign bodies are a fairly common otorhinolaryngological emergencies encountered in Malaysia. The vast majority of these foreign bodies are fish bones which most commonly are impacted at the level of the cricopharynx. Rarely, however, a foreign body may migrate extraluminally and may even extrude subcutaneously. We report a rare occurrence where a fish bone not only migrated extraluminally, it was found to have migrated into the common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein and required surgical removal.     

Human cytomegalovirus persists in myeloid progenitors and is passed to the myeloid progeny in a latent form

CD34+ progenitor cells can harbour latent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV); however, the mechanisms of HCMV latency remain unclear. We have investigated the effects of the haematopoietic lineage restriction on the establishment and spread of the latent HCMV to progeny cells. In vitro-infected and latently-infected haematopoietic progenitor cells derived from HCMV seropositive donors were studied. The presence of HCMV DNA in bone marrow progenitor (BMP) cells was determined by single colony polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The presence of CMV DNA was found to be restricted to myeloid progenitors and the percentage of HCMV-infected cells was lower in naturally-infected cells than in in vitro-infected cells. Erythroid differentiation resulted in an abortive infection with persistence of the viral nucleic acids in red cell precursors. In BMP cells from HCMV seronegative donors, HCMV DNA was localized in the nucleus. Bone marrow progenitors in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) maintained HCMV DNA for extended periods of time. No viral production could be detected throughout the culture but the comparison of the numbers of latently-infected cells prior to and after the culture suggests that proliferation of haematopoietic progenitor cells may lead to the expansion of latently-infected cells.     

Sea-blue histiocyte syndrome in bone marrow secondary to total parenteral nutrition including fat-emulsion sources: a clinicopathologic study of seven cases

Bone marrow examination revealed a lipid-laden histiocytosis in seven patients undergoing long-term total parenteral nutrition necessitated by extensive short-bowel surgical resection. Clinical abnormalities occurred during this treatment which required bone marrow examination. These included hepatosplenomegaly and peripheral blood cytopenia; the median time to the detection of these abnormalities was 64 months.   The most striking change within the bone marrow was the presence of many pigment-laden histiocytes which had the typical morphology of sea-blue histiocytes seen in the so-called idiopathic sea-blue histiocyte syndrome. The occurrence of sea-blue histiocytosis in the bone marrow in association with long-term parenteral nutrition for short-bowel syndrome has not, to our knowledge, been reported previously and should now be considered in the differential diagnosis of bone marrow sea-blue histiocytosis.     

骨巨细胞瘤CT和MRI表现对照分析

目的：通过对骨巨细胞瘤的CT和MRI表现对照分析,寻找CT和MRI表现之间的相关性及其与肿瘤复发的关系,进一步提高对骨巨细胞瘤CT和MRI表现的认识。方法搜集自1995年1月-2012年12月年期间在该院手术及病理证实为骨巨细胞瘤、随访2年以上并同时有CT和MR检查的195例病例资料,对照分析其CT骨皮质破坏中断情况、骨皮质膨胀程度、有无软组织肿块形成与MR病灶内实质成份比例、周围水肿程度等情况,并于肿瘤是否复发对照。结果 CT上骨皮质破坏程度与MRI上实质成份比例及病灶周围水肿程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CT及MRI表现与肿瘤是否复发对照显示,CT上骨质破坏程度与是否复发差异有统计学意义(P=0.018约0.05)。结论骨巨细胞瘤的CT表现与MRI表现有一定的内在联系,CT所示的骨质破坏程度与MRI中的实质成份比例、水肿程度等表现有关,提示肿瘤的侵袭性较高,并与肿瘤的复发具有一定相关性,但其病理学基础有待进一步研究。     

阿曼托双黄酮对辐射损伤小鼠骨髓细胞的保护作用

目的 探讨阿曼托双黄酮(amentoflavone,AF)对辐射小鼠骨髓细胞的防护作用及可能机制。方法 培养C57BL/6小鼠骨髓原代细胞,分为正常对照组、照射对照组、AF 2.5和5μmol/L组,每组3复孔,给药12 h后换成普通培养基,给予12Gy60Coγ射线一次性照射,于照后6和12 h分别用Hoechst染色法检测细胞的凋亡,用PI染色和流式细胞仪检测细胞周期,用酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞培养基中TNF-α的浓度。结果 AF对辐射后小鼠骨髓细胞凋亡及细胞周期变化无明显影响,但能显著降低辐射后细胞上清中TNF-α的浓度,且对照后6 h细胞作用明显(2.5μmol/L组P<0.05,5μmol/L组P<0.01);照后12 h也具有同样趋势,与照射对照组相比,5μmol/L组细胞上清中TNF-α表达明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 AF对C57BL/6小鼠骨髓细胞具有一定的辐射防护作用,它可能是通过抑制辐射后骨髓细胞TNF-α的表达来发挥辐射防护作用。