过度张口引起口面痛的作用机制研究

目的：深入研究过度张口引起口面痛的作用机制。方法：观察过度张口动物模型TMJ和咀嚼肌的组织病理改变及SP和PGE2、PGF2α的免疫反应;检测24名健康志愿过度张口前后口面部的痛阈变化。结果：过度张口引起了TMJ和咀嚼肌的损伤,损伤局部有SP和PGE2、PGF2α的明显聚积;过度张口后口面部的痛阈明显下降,24—48小时后痛阈基本恢复同前;对过度张口的反应存在个体差异和部位差异。结论：过度张口可损伤TMJ和咀嚼肌,引起口面部疼痛,此过程有内源性致痛物质的参与。     

颞下颌关节强直动物模型中最大张口度与强直严重程度关系研究

 目的　研究主、被动最大张口度（AMMO、PMMO）与颞下颌关节强直严重程度的关系。方法　选取28只健康雄性绵羊随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各14只。实验组绵羊双侧颞下颌关节模拟髁突矢状骨折,其中左侧翼外肌被切断以阻断其功能;对照组绵羊未进行手术。于术前及术后12、24周对所有绵羊体重、AMMO、PMMO、颞下颌关节形态学特点进行测量评估。结果　实验组只有右侧保留翼外肌功能的颞下颌关节发生了骨强直。术后12、24周,实验组绵羊AMMO、PMMO、极限距离均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。实验组绵羊AMMO和PMMO与骨融合区宽度、长度、面积及钙化程度均呈负相关（均P < 0.05）,其中骨融合区面积为主要影响因素（术后12、24周相关系数r分别为-0.94、-0.95）。结论　颞下颌关节强直动物模型中阻断翼外肌功能可阻止骨强直的发生;对于早期髁突矢状骨折,可通过牙合垫或牙合板进行张口训练,进而阻断翼外肌功能。当颞下颌关节发生骨强直时,骨融合区面积越大,张口受限越明显。     

Association between posterior crossbite and/or deep bite and temporomandibular disorders among Palestinian adolescents: A sex comparison

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and posterior crossbite and/or deep bite and any possible association between them.

Methods: One thousand-nineteen adolescents responded to a questionnaire regarding oral habits and TMD symptoms. Afterwards, they were diagnosed according to the Axis I of the DC/TMD and underwent a dental examination. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.

Results: A significant association was found between posterior crossbite and some TMD diagnosis, but no association was found between deep bite and TMD, nor between occlusal diagnosis and bruxism. TMDs were more prevalent in girls. There was a significant sex difference (more among females) in the prevalence of painful TMDs.

Conclusion: Posterior crossbite in the adolescent population analyzed may be related to TMDs, in contrary to deep-bite. The presence of posterior crossbite may have different impact on TMD findings between the sexes.     

牵伸支具对颞下颌关节盘锚固术后患者开口受限的作用评价

目的 :探讨颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位患者行关节盘复位锚固术后,使用颞下颌关节牵伸支具治疗开口受限的疗效。方法:选择67例颞下颌关节盘锚固术后开口受限患者,其中支具牵伸组32例,对照组35例。对照组进行常规居家康复训练,支具组接受常规居家康复训练加颞下颌关节牵伸支具牵伸。评估患者治疗前与治疗6周后的最大主动开口度、疼痛评分以及下颌功能受限评分(JFLS-8)。采用SPSS 17.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果:随访结果显示,2组患者最大开口度与下颌功能受限评分均显著改善。支具组最大主动开口度(36.7 mm)显著大于对照组(29.1 mm,P<0.05),支具组JFLS-8评分(7.3)显著低于对照组(11.2,P<0.05)。结论 :牵伸支具的使用对颞下颌关节盘锚固术后患者开口度增加及功能改善有很好疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

双侧冠突过长导致开口受限2例

冠突过长（CPH）是一种罕见的下颌骨发育过程中冠突形态和长度的异常疾病,本文报道2例双侧CPH引起下颌运动及开口受限的病例资料,通过报道病例的临床表现、X线检查、治疗及预后,为该疾病的诊疗提供参考。这2例CPH病例经外科切除伸长的冠突后,即刻开口度均增加到近三指,其中1例治疗6个月后,随访开口度正常,而另外1例术后2年CPH复发。CPH的病因暂不明确,可能与多种因素相关。CPH导致开口受限的情况在临床上极其少见,易与其他疾病混淆导致误诊。因此,应综合运用临床及影像学加以鉴别诊断。外科手术切除伸长的冠突是目前公认的治疗方式,而术后长期有效的开口训练对治疗效果的维持至关重要。     

Clinical course of masticatory function recovery following arthrocentesis in patients with unilateral mandibular condyle head fracture

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical course of masticatory function recovery following arthrocentesis. Patients with a unilateral condylar head fracture who underwent arthrocentesis for therapeutic reasons were evaluated and compared with patients with a unilateral condylar head fracture who did not undergo arthrocentesis. At 3 months after treatment, the occlusal contact area and maximum bite force in patients with a fracture treated with arthrocentesis were greater than in those who did not receive arthrocentesis at the same time points, although the differences were not significant. Moreover, at 1 and 3 months following arthrocentesis, mean (±SD) occlusal contact area (1 month: 1.99 ± 0.55 mm², p = 0.01; 3 months: 2.90 ± 1.36 mm², p = 0.03) and maximum bite force (1 month: 82.45 ± 15.04 N, p = 0.01; 3 months: 101.11 ± 14.53 N, p = 0.01) on the fractured side in patients who underwent that treatment were significantly reduced when compared with those on the non-fractured side. The authors conclude that if the priority is to avoid open reduction and internal fixation, then the arthrocentesis approach might be a less invasive alternative, albeit with the price of a prolonged healing interval.     

Skeletal Class III and open bite treated with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and molar intrusion using titanium screws

Two-jaw surgery has been performed for the treatment of severe skeletal open bite cases to obtain stability of occlusion after treatment. If molar intrusion with titanium screws could be performed instead of surgical superior repositioning of the maxilla, the incidence of surgical invasion would be reduced. However, there have been few reports of such a therapy. This case report describes treatment for skeletal Class III and open bite with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and intrusion of the molars using titanium screws. The patient had a concave profile, a long lower facial height, Class III malocclusion, and excessive anterior open bite following mandibular protrusion and a high mandibular plane angle. The mandible autorotated closed 3.5° following intrusion of the upper and lower molars using titanium screws during the presurgical orthodontic treatment phase. After the autorotation of the mandible, a mandibular setback with a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy was performed. The posttreatment records showed a good facial profile and occlusion. The mandible was stable 1 year after surgery. These results demonstrate that surgical orthodontic treatment combined with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and intrusion of the molars using titanium screws can reduce the need for surgical invasion by avoidance of maxillary surgery and was effective for correcting the facial profile and occlusion in a skeletal Class III and open bite patient.     

Herbst矫治器在不同重建时对髁突软骨表面应力分布的影响

目的：从生物力学角度研究Herbst矫治器在不同的He重建状态下前导下颌,对髁突软骨表面应力分布的影响,为临床应用提供理论依据。方法：采用三维有限元方法,在已建立的颞下颌关节一下颌骨-Herbst矫治器系统的三维正交各向同性有限元模型上,根据临床和相关文献设计He重建的类型,在髁突的矢状向及冠状向上分别选取相应节点,计算相应的最大主应力与最小主应力值。结果：不同He重建时,髁突软骨表面同一部位的应力值相关不大。在相同He重建明,髁突软骨表面不同部位的应力值相关较大,在每一种He重建组合中,矢状向髁突软骨后方有较大范围的张应力区,而髁突前斜面有较大范围的压应力区。冠状向髁突软骨表面的内、外侧斜面都主要为压应力区。结论：本文设计的5组He重建类型（下颌水平前伸3-7mm,垂直2打开4-2mm)在髁突表面的应力分布相关不大,均在生理承受范围内。