原发性双侧乳腺癌的临床分析

目的：探讨原发性双侧乳腺癌临床诊断与治疗。方法：回顾性分析11例原发性双侧乳腺癌的发病、治疗和病理类型。结果：原发性双侧乳腺癌11例中因远处转移死亡2例，另9例术后均存活，最长已超过6年。结论：原发性双侧乳腺癌的尽早发现、治疗和处理得当可改善双侧乳腺癌患者的预后。     

双侧同时双原发肺癌的一期手术治疗

目的探讨双侧同时双原发肺癌一期手术治疗的可行性。方法报告1例双侧同时双原发肺癌病人,结合文献讨论双侧同时双原发肺癌一期手术治疗的适应证和综合治疗。结果对1例双侧同时双原发肺癌病人,行一期手术治疗,包括左肺下叶切除和右肺上叶楔形切除术。术后病理为左肺腺鳞癌,右肺腺癌。术后出现呼吸衰竭,经机械通气治疗后好转。术后化疗4周期。随访26个月未见复发和转移。结论结合文献,部分选择性双侧同时双原发肺癌病人一期手术加术后辅助治疗,有望改善患者预后。     

双侧原发性异时性乳腺癌ER、PR激素受体的表达及临床病理特征

目的：探讨双侧原发性异时性乳腺癌中雌激素受体（Estroganreceptor，ER）、孕激素受体（Progestinre-cetor，PR）表达情况及病理特征。方法：对2001-2006年收治的25例双侧原发性异时性乳腺癌进行ER、PR表达检测，并分析其病理学特征。结果：双侧原发性异时性乳腺癌第一原发癌中ER、PR阳性表达率分别为68％和56％，第二原发癌中ER、PR阳性表达率分别为60％和40％。浸润性导管癌在双侧异时性乳腺癌第一、二原发癌中分别占64％和52％。结论：双侧原发性异时性乳腺癌有较高的ER、PR表达，浸润性导管癌与双侧原发性异时性乳腺癌有明显关系。     

去表皮乳晕双菱形组织瓣内翻充填矫治乳头内陷

目的探讨乳头内陷的治疗方法。方法应用去表皮双菱形乳晕真皮瓣与乳腺腺体组织瓣内翻充填治疗先天性乳头内陷,松解短缩的乳腺导管及纤维束,将组织瓣由乳头下方的隧道内穿出作为支撑组织。结果8例患者随访半年至2年,形态均良好,其中1例术后正常哺乳。结论该术式是矫正乳头内陷的较好方法之一,效果确切,不易复发。     

双侧裂综合征一例

双侧裂综合征(congenital bilateral pefisylvian syndrome,CBPS)是先天性脑发育畸形的一种罕见类型.本文报道北京大学第一医院神经外科收治的1例CBPS患者,并结合文献复习,探讨其形成原因、疾病特点以及治疗方法.     

Early life malnutrition and fluctuating asymmetry in the rat bony labyrinth

Maternal malnutrition during gestation and lactation is known to have adverse effects on offspring. We evaluate the impact of maternal diet on offspring bony labyrinth morphology. The bony labyrinth develops early and is thought to be stable to protect vital sensory organs within. For these reasons, bony labyrinth morphology has been used extensively to assess locomotion, hearing function, and phylogeny in primates and numerous other taxa. While variation related to these parameters has been documented, there is still a component of intraspecific variation that is unexplained. Although the labyrinthine developmental window is small, it may provide the opportunity for developmental instability to produce corresponding shape differences, as measured by fluctuating asymmetry (FA). We hypothesized that (a) offspring with poor maternal diet would exhibit increased FA, but (b) no unilateral shape difference. To test these hypotheses, we used two groups of rats (Rattus norvegicus; Crl:WI[Han] strain), one control group and one group exposed to a isocaloric, protein-restricted maternal diet during gestation and suckling. Individuals were sampled at weaning, sexual maturity, and old age. A Procrustes analysis of variance identified statistically significant FA in all diet-age subgroups. No differences in level of FA were identified among the subgroups, rejecting our first hypothesis. A principal components analysis identified no unilateral shape differences, supporting our second hypothesis. These results indicate that bony labyrinth morphology is remarkably stable and likely protected from a poor maternal diet during development. In light of this result, other factors must be explored to explain intraspecific variation in labyrinthine shape.     

How does bone thickness affect the split pattern of sagittal ramus osteotomy?

This study examined the influence of bone thickness on the split pattern of sagittal ramus osteotomy at 62 sites using Dolphin 3D software. Four measurements of thickness were obtained from the preoperative computed tomography scans: measurement A was made 1.5 mm above the lingula, using the coronal and sagittal planes; measurement B was made at the same height as measurement A and 1 mm from the anterior border of the ramus; measurement C was obtained 5 mm distal to the last molar and 5 mm below the upper border of the mandible; measurement D was made in the area between the first and second molars, 6 mm above the mandibular border. Three-dimensional postoperative images were used to classify the split pattern into types, based on the classification of Plooij et al. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Dunn post-hoc test. Thirty-five sagittal splits were type I, one was type II, 19 were type III, and seven were type IV. Type I presented the greatest thickness, whereas type IV presented the lowest. There was a statistically significant difference in thickness only for measurement A, when types I and IV were compared. The results indicate that thinner mandibular rami are more prone to bad splits.     

急性双侧基底节病变综合征2例报告

慢性肾衰竭患者神经系统累及常表现为尿毒症脑病、中风、周围神经病和肌病[1]。急性双侧基底节病变综合征在尿毒症患者中较为少见,文献报道的30余例[2]。尽管以往的病例报道中,亚裔、糖尿病患者居多,但目前国内已有的急性双侧基底节病变综合征仅2例[3-4]。本文将对近期湖南省人民医院湖南师范大学第一附属医院收治约2例急性双侧基底节病变综合征的诊断、治疗和随访进行报道。